You may have heard the acronym OCEAN in connection with five-factor models of personality because the factor names can be arranged as follows:
- Openness to Experience: The degree to which a person needs intellectual stimulation, change, and variety.
- Conscientiousness: The degree to which a person controls, regulates, and directs their impulses.
- Extraversion: The degree to which a person engages with the external world.
- Agreeableness: The degree to which a person needs pleasant and harmonious relations with others.
- Neuroticism: The degree to which a person experiences negative feelings.
The five factors emerged from a substantial body of academic research and are widely believed to have a genetic component. Each factor is a broad category that includes many specific traits and rates a person along a continuum.