It’s been more than decade since the human papillomavirus, or HPV, vaccine was introduced. The jab first given to girls in England in 2008, then boys in 2019, cuts the cases of cancer - by nearly 90%, according to the first set of real-world data. The study, published in the Lancet, looked at what happened when it was introduced and estimates 17,200 pre-cancers and about 450 cases of cervical cancer have been prevented. Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by viruses and this study shows the vaccine goes a long way towards the goal of almost eliminating the disease. It also means those who have been vaccinated may need far fewer smear tests, according to researchers.
"The impact has been huge," says Prof Peter Sasieni, one of the researchers at King's College London. It’s "just the tip of the iceberg" because vaccinated individuals are still young to be getting cancer, so the numbers will only grow with time, he adds. The findings are "remarkable", adds Dr Vanessa Saliba, a consultant epidemiologist for the UK Health Security Agency, and show the jab "saves lives by dramatically reducing cervical cancer rates among women". However, questions remain over how long protection lasts and whether a mid-life booster is needed, given there are more than 100 types of HPV - which also causes other cancers including ones in the moth and throat - and that the UK only vaccinates against two of them. But despite this, this moment is "historic", according to Cancer Research UK, and means thousands will be protected from developing the disease.

Before energy day gets under way at the COP26 climate summit, it’s been revealed some nations which rely heavily on coal - the single biggest contributor to global warming - are committing to move away from it. More than 40 countries including Poland, Vietnam and Chile have signed up to a statement to quit the use of the fossil fuel as, the UK government says, 190 nations and organisations vow to stop using it. Nations which signed the pledge agree to end all investment in new coal power generation domestically and internationally, phasing out coal power in the 2030s for major economies, and the 2040s for poorer countries. "The end of coal is in sight," says UK business and energy secretary Kwasi Kwarteng. But some of the world's biggest coal-dependent countries, including Australia, India, China and the US, didn’t sign up, which make for "glaring gaps", according to UK shadow business secretary Ed Miliband. There is also nothing about moving away from oil and gas, he adds.

"We've got her, we've got her," says a police officer before asking a little girl what her name is. "My name is Cleo," she says, to the audible joy of the officers. An audio recording of the moment four-year-old Cleo Smith was found after being reported missing on 16 October has been released. Cleo disappeared from her family's tent during the first night of their holiday at a campsite near Carnarvon in Western Australia. It sparked a massive search operation and she was eventually discovered 18 days later locked in a house. One of the officers who found her, DS Cameron Blaine, says he was happy and relieved to find her alive and well. A 36-year-old man will be charged in connection with her disappearance, police say.

"Tories rip up Britain’s anti-sleaze rules" to save MP Owen Paterson who was found to have broken lobbying rules, according to the i. It’s one of the papers leading on the story this morning. The Metro joins the i, saying Conservative MPs "shift the goalposts to block scandal MP’s suspension". Although Mr Paterson says he’s not been given the chance to clear his name, the Daily Mail reports Prime Minister Boris Johnson faced a "furious backlash" for blocking the suspension. The Mirror also carries a story about Mr Johnson but instead highlights how he flew back from the COP26 climate summit on a private jet to have dinner with a "climate sceptic" friend. Read the newspaper review in full here.

If you sit at a desk all day or in front of a computer screen for work, do you ever think about a career outdoors? It seems you wouldn’t be alone because the pandemic has led to more of us working outdoors. We've spoken to a man who quit his job in IT, found work as an aviculturist - someone who looks after birds - and says he’s happier for it. Read more about the people who have taken the leap.
Let’s continue with the outdoors. Meet the diver who swims with sharks without any protective gear or a cage. Jim Abernethy can be surrounded by at least 30 tiger, reef and lemon sharks at any moment in the Bahamas, but they know him so well they swim up to him for affectionate nose-rubs. Take a look.
And finally, scientists have known for a long time that good diets and reliable access to food mean people tend to grow taller and mature more quickly. But why that is has never really been explained - until now. It seems the brain has a sensor which knows when to grow. There's more about this story here.

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