“Music Theory: Does It Still Matter?” plus 1 more

Music Theory: Does It Still Matter?

Posted: 15 Jun 2018 11:38 AM PDT

Guest post by Ian Temple. This article originally appearedon Soundfly’s Flypaper

Last year, Rihanna’s hit single “Work” started an argument here at Soundfly. We come from an array of different musical backgrounds, styles, training, and instruments, and the question that kicked us off was:

What key is “Work” actually in?

It’s got that super repetitive synth bass line that returns to C# every time, giving the impression we’re in C# Dorian mode, but the key signature is B major, or G# natural minor. The melody floats around a C# note a lot, but it still sounds unresolved, except in a few moments where it lands on G#. There are even a couple moments that sound a little more major and could lead one to hear the B as an unplayed tonic (or “home base”).

Quick aside: the “Dorian” mode is a scale starting on the second degree of the major scale, but with all the same notes. And if this all sounds like Wingdings to you, you can learn a ton about scales and modes for free in our Music Theory for Producers course series. But for now, here’s a quick primer on what it means to “play in key,”

So what’s the deal with “Work?”

By all accounts, this is a very simple, repetitive song — how can experts with decades of music experience and credentials from some of the top music schools in the country disagree on the fundamentals of it?

This is a pattern we wrestle with a lot when trying to analyze modern music. As musicians, so much of our music theory training consists of learning rules that were developed to describe classical European music. But modern music operates very differently in a lot of ways — from a greater focus on loops, to more rhythmic complexity and syncopation, to less harmonic complexity, and other key differences.

As our collaborator Ethan Hein has pointed out, a lot of these differences may come in part from the Afrodiasporic roots of so much of modern popular music (especially hip-hop and R&B, but also rock and many other genres). Hein and others argue that music education in the United States fails to take modern popular music into account enough, and that the way we think about and teach theory needs an update. The most salient pieces of music theory for modern music, like rhythm which is often mostly ignored in classic music theory courses, could be taught in new ways in order to account for these differences.

This disconnect between the way so much of modern music functions, and the rules we’re taught in school not to break, might explain some of the more ferocious online debates around music theory analysis of popular pieces. (Exhibit A: check out the comments in Owen Pallett’s analysis of Katy Perry’s “Teenage Dream” or any Facebook post about music theory.)

So… do we still need it?

Does that mean music theory is useless? Should we all be throwing away our orchestration textbooks and reaching for the closest DAW to layer loops on top of each other with no regard for notes, scales, chords, or other theoretical concepts?

No way! (At least to the part about throwing theory out the window.) At its best, music theory gives us a number of ways to describe the music we hear, unwrap the decisions the artist made, translate those lessons into our own music, and communicate them to collaborators or other musicians. Theory allows us to quickly achieve the effects we’re going for, or push ourselves to unexpected, interesting places with our music, and play with the expectations of the listener as well.

Inspired by his recent analysis of Beach House’s new single, “Dark Spring,” I asked Flypaper author and songwriter Patrick McGuire why he thinks music theory is important for musicians, and he outlined three major reasons:

That said, we don’t all need to run out and read the entire Cambridge History of Western Music Theory. As musicians, there’s certainly nothing wrong with focusing on the parts of music theory that you need the most, while politely ignoring the rules of, say, first species counterpoint, if that’s not the type of music you’re most interested in. Don’t get me wrong — I think there’s a lot to be gained creatively by studying concepts outside of your genre and usual approach. But if it’s putting you to sleep and not sinking in, then skip it and move on. As creators, we can treat music theory more flexibly than is often taught.

Soundfly has two harmony courses created for modern music makers: Unlocking the Emotional Power of Chords and The Creative Power of Advanced Harmony. In them, we go deep into this idea of applying theory concepts to modern music and for modern musicians, not a 19th century composer. (No offense to you 19th century composers out there reading this.) If music theory is a spectrum from banging random keys on a keyboard to a full-blown Schenkerian analysis of orchestral arrangements, all we’re trying to do is get you far enough along to have control over how you represent the emotions you’re shooting for in your music.

A few more examples of why music theory is awesome

One of the best cases for why music theory can be helpful for music makers is made by the songs that use really interesting harmonic concepts to break out of generic clichés. We’ve covered a lot of these songs on Flypaper, from Kanye’s “Ultralight Beam”(which has a triplet-ish feel that sounds arguably like 12/8 time) to Gnarls Barkley’s “Crazy” (which uses sus chords, a Picardy third, and a bunch of other harmonic surprises). Even Justin Bieber’s “Sorry” has some interesting theory stuff happening, never actually using a I chord.

The first example that pops into my mind personally is Radiohead’s “All I Need,” which uses the Lydian mode — the scale you get when you start on the fourth note of the major scale (such as F to F in the key of C major, so with a B natural). Thom Yorke really emphasizes that raised fourth scale degree in the melody, giving it an otherworldly sound. It can be so much fun to play with other modes and emphasize the specific notes that make them sound different and weird.

Our free Theory for Producers courses have countless other examples, from Missy Elliott’s “Get Ur Freak On” (Phrygian mode) to Björk’s “Army of Me” (Locrian mode).

A more recent example from this week is this super glitchy, beautiful new track by James Blake called “Don’t Miss It”. The song floats in and out of different keys, and includes some beautiful dissonances and production effects. The initial piano part starts with a big E major piano chord, followed by an A minor sixth chord — an unusual progression that’s uplifting, but with a subtle darkness to it that’s almost sinister. The E major scale doesn’t include a C natural, which is one of the most prominent notes in the A minor chord, so we’re already in interesting territory right out of the gate.

But it’s the bridge (around 1:00) that caught our attention for its disorienting effect. It has a Lydian modal feel to it, reminiscent of an early 20th century Debussy piece, which is compounded by a slightly stilted rhythm and a wobbly tape-warble, leaving the listener off balance and not sure what to expect. It’s songs like this, that use theory as a launching point to really surprising places, that make us want to keep learning forever.

Putting theory into action

At Soundfly, we believe one of the best ways to learn theory is to put it into action. We encourage musicians to use constraints to force themselves to experiment with different ideas and concepts. What would happen if you tried to write a pop song that used modal interchange? What if the melody of your verse never hits the tonic? What if you modulate the key midway through your song?

You may not write a hit right away, but once you start to add those theory notches to your tool belt, you’ll have them with you to use whenever you want going forward.

At its worst, theory can feel like rules designed to keep you in the lines. But at its best, it’s an evolving language that ties together disparate worlds and tries to describe the indescribable. While finding that common ground is not always easy, it’s part of what makes learning music so irresistible and rewarding.

If you’ve been avoiding theory, this is the week to get off the sidelines. We challenge you to pick one new theory concept and try to use it in a new short piece of music or groove. Email us at support@soundfly.com or tag us on Twitter @learntosoundfly to share with us what you come up with!

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Tracking Service Puts Heat On Broken Radio Royalty Business Model w/ Latest Tracking Software

Posted: 14 Jun 2018 12:37 PM PDT

WARM, an acronym for World Airplay Radio Monitor, is a real-time radio tracking service and app, is offering unique access to radio airplay monitoring for musicians. This provides a game-changing and powerful new tool for artists, managers, and labels to improve control of royalty collection, optimize promotion strategies, target new markets and more.

WARM launched in April 2017 in Copenhagen, Denmark. It’s founder, Jesper Skibsby, is a veteran of the Danish music industry and heads a staff of three based in Copenhagen. WARM currently monitors 25,000 FM, DAB and online radio stations in 130 countries which is approximately 70% more stations than the three biggest services combined. WARM recently placed 1st in SLUSH music startup competition, South Summit startup competition, and Creative Business Cup.

In a recent report, it was exposed that there are currently more than 51,000 global radio stations, but only a small percentage of these global stations are covered when it comes to evaluation royalties paid to artists. Current monitors such as BMAT, Radio Monitor and Soundcharts only cover 3,500 / 4,000 / 350 radio stations. Thousands of stations worldwide could be playing music without paying the artist and without the artist gaining recognition for their work.

WARM envisions a more democratic music industry and is working towards this by offering affordable access to airplay data for independents. This levels the playing field in an area of the industry where previously information was only accessible to the major players. With WARM, artists at any level can now easily get detailed insight into when and where their song is being played around the world.

“Right now, we have a music industry that has been built on reporting,” said Skibsby. “Rather than functioning globally and allowing artists to oversee when and where plays happen, monitoring often happens locally instead — through reports, sample tests and market share estimation. This is far from efficient, as the money that comes from the majority of radio plays isn’t distributed to the correct rights-holders.”

By pinpointing exactly in which territories a song is being played, artists and their teams can use the increased transparency to improve their royalty collection as well as their overall marketing strategy. This includes optimizing social media and radio promotion, enabling geographically targeted tour booking and targeting fans and followers in other countries and cities.

“My biggest hopes are that all the rights holders and musicians eventually will be able to see every time they are being cheated or if something is not correct. Everyone should be able to easily audit their revenues, we are in 2018, this is possible.”

Using WARM is as simple as buying a subscription, uploading a song and you’re good to track all music plays. The first song a user uploads is free for the first month and after that the pricing plans starts at just $5 per song. For more information on WARM, visit https://warmmusic.net/

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