Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are sponge-like organic-inorganic hybrid materials and have a variety of uses due to their ultra-high porosity, or the ratio of pores or air pockets to the solid material. Through a technique called post-synthetic modification, researchers were able to enhance and modify the function of these materials for specific purposes.
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Diamond and diamond-like carbon reduce friction and wear in bearings and valves by means of so-called passivation layers, which prevent other materials from bonding to the coating. Until now, it was unclear how these passivation layers should be designed to achieve minimal friction.
Scientists have come up with an adjustment to the classical friction model that improves its ability to describe trends in how friction works for layered materials like graphene at the nanoscale.
Physicists have experimentally demonstrated a novel effect for the first time by exploiting topological metamaterials.
Engineers have designed a 'brain-on-a-chip', smaller than a piece of confetti, that is made from tens of thousands of artificial brain synapses known as memristors - silicon-based components that mimic the information-transmitting synapses in the human brain.
Researchers have developed a graphene-based electrochemical sensor capable of detecting histamines (allergens) and toxins in food much faster than standard laboratory tests.