Researchers developed a novel 'etching-swelling-planting' strategy following interfacial polymerization to prepare a mix-charged nanofiltration membrane for wastewater treatment.
Photovoltaics are more efficient when they operate at lower temperatures, which can be achieved in solar farms that space out arrays and use the wind to their advantage.
Researchers simulated different patterns of water-attracting and water-repelling groups lining a filter's porous membrane and found optimal arrangements that should let water through easily and slow down some contaminants.