LIKE BANKS! Regulating stablecoin issuers like banks could encourage innovation in the crypto industry, top U.S. banking regulator Michael Hsu said Thursday. This isn’t the first time the acting comptroller of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), nor other high-ranking U.S. officials, have suggested bringing stablecoins under the yoke of banking regulation. Separately, USDT issuer Tether froze $160 million in tethers on three Ethereum addresses on Thursday, at the behest of law enforcement. Meanwhile, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) is still unsure whether USDF – a new stablecoin issued by three small U.S. banks – is subject to deposit insurance.

STATE-BACKED BLOCKCHAIN: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil’s second-largest city, will put 1% of its treasury reserves into "crypto" and offer discounts to those who pay their city taxes in bitcoin, Rio’s mayor said Wednesday at a conference. No timeline was given. Separately, the Pacific island nation of Palau is cryptifying its economy: building an exchange, a stablecoin and government registry. The republic of just 20,000 has also partnered with blockchain research firm Cryptic Labs to launch the world’s first “digital residency” program.

MINING MEMO: Jack Dorsey’s payment giant Block is officially building an open-source bitcoin mining system, according to the company’s general manager for hardware. He added the company may also build specialized ASICs for bitcoin mining and other tools. Meanwhile, a recent drop-off in bitcoin's price might mean crypto miners slated to go public in 2022 face headwinds, according to analysts. Though not all commentators have soured: Bloomberg commodities expert Mike McGlone noted bitcoin is worth 500 barrels of oil.

LAWS EVOLVE: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) must supply Ripple with a draft of former SEC director William Hinman’s speech where he argued that ether, which began as an unlicensed security, became “sufficiently decentralized” to be treated as a commodity asset. This is a win for the conglomerate, which argues XRP has followed a similar path as ETH, in the ongoing lawsuit filed by the U.S. securities regulator. Meanwhile, a U.K. judiciary adviser is calling for English Common Law to “keep pace” with crypto.

TERRA INCOGNITO: North Korean hackers stole almost $400 million worth of digital assets from crypto platforms last year and have taken to using mixers to hide the horde, according to Chainalysis. Ether accounted for 58% of the stolen funds, followed by altcoins and ERC-20 tokens, with bitcoin at just 20% of the total. Separately, CityDAO, the experiment into decentralized land ownership that purchased 40 acres of land in Wyoming, has fallen victim to a $95,000 phishing scheme on Discord. No word yet on how this affects the DAO’s plans to build a "blockchain city."

Notables ... Parler launched a “Trump Legacy” NFT collection for the ex-U.S. president who is sour on crypto. FTX has set up a $2 billion fund that will target decentralized gaming and more. Someone spent $135K trying to trade tokens for Fees.Wtf, a site that measures gas spending.

Johns Hopkins University prof. Matthew Green does a walkthrough of MetaMask’s code (Wordpress)
Bitcoin miners ditching Kazakhstan (Reuters)
Signal's introduction of anonymous cryptocurrency payments could give regulators an excuse to try eliminating end-to-end encryption (Casey Newton/The Verge)
Gramatik’s song, “Just a Scribbler,” about bitcoiner and CoinDesk columnist Nic Carter, is a bop (Audius)
DeFi Gives Financial Privacy — Will Regulation Take It Away? (Future)
Fintech unicorn Ramp is adding stablecoins to its balance sheet (Fortune)

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Nayib Bukele Is Not the Bitcoin Hero We Need

New reporting has found strong evidence Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele has sought to undermine freedom of speech in the Central American nation. According to a joint investigation by Salvadoran news outlet El Faro, Toronto-based Citizen Lab and digital rights nonprofit Access Now, the cell phones of at least 22 of El Faro’s journalists were infected with spyware known as Pegasus over the past two years. Other journalists and human rights activists were also targeted. Pegasus has previously been used against journalists or other so-called undesirables in nations including India, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Rwanda and Saudi Arabia.

The report should trigger serious reflection among Bitcoiners. While Bukele’s move to adopt bitcoin as an alternative to the U.S. dollar in El Salvador has great potential for freeing the developing world from the yoke of the global financial establishment, his authoritarian behavior here is anathema to the cyber-libertarian ideals that underpin cryptocurrency.

Pegasus, produced by Israeli firm NSO Group, allows not just the monitoring of a victim’s communications but deeper access to device data. The El Faro investigation, whose findings were certified by Amnesty International, found data had been exfiltrated from the devices of at least 11 journalists. The tool has been previously used in acts of violent suppression: NSO and Pegasus have been linked to the murders of Mexican opposition journalist Cecilio Pineda Birto and Washington Post columnist Jamal Khashoggi.

Up to this point, I’ve been skeptical about attempts to paint Bukele as a nascent dictator. Much of the anti-Bukele rhetoric in the Anglophone press has focused on his replacement of judges and one theatrical display of military strength, alongside derogatory statements from developed-world governments. These struck me as hard to take at face value given El Salvador’s extremely complex modern political history, entrenched corruption and the culpability of countries like the United States in fomenting the very instability that might have made strong-arm tactics necessary for Bukele’s reformist agenda.

But spying on opposition journalists is several orders of magnitude more reprehensible to me than any other claims made about Bukele so far. I am admittedly biased, but the suppression of information is a fundamental attack on the good and fair functioning of any society.

This puts Bitcoiners in particular in a bind. With its roots in crypto-anarchist and digital libertarian ideals, the Bitcoin community is ideologically hostile to both state power and digital surveillance. This sentiment is so strong that many in the community bristled at a provision in El Salvador’s law that seemed to mandate the acceptance of bitcoin by retailers. The new report should offend those critics at least as deeply.

It’s notable that this is not the first time the cryptocurrency industry has been asked to pass judgment on the ethics of state-backed digital espionage. After Coinbase acquired a blockchain analytics company called Neutrino in early 2019, myself and other investigators and reporters highlighted the company’s deep ties to a black-hat organization known as Hacking Team. Hacking Team had sold invasive spyware to repressive regimes, which used the tools to target dissidents and journalists. After fierce backlash from the crypto community, Coinbase ultimately fired former Hacking Team members from Neutrino, and admitted the acquisition had been a failure of due diligence.

The decision facing bitcoin advocates now may be more complex. El Salvador is a valuable testing ground for the digital currency, but if El Faro’s findings are true it seems clear the Bukele administration can no longer be considered a trustworthy partner. Beyond the simple ethics of supporting a regime that seeks antidemocratic methods of repressing its critics, the bitcoin community must be vigilant about public perception, given the continued widespread hostility towards cryptocurrency. A leader willing to use black-ops spyware against his own citizens is not an acceptable figurehead for spreading bitcoin adoption.

My sympathies here lie almost entirely with the journalists who have been targeted and harassed for attempting to inform Salvadorans about their own leadership. But it’s also deeply personally disappointing: I was hoping to visit El Salvador at some point this year and report on the status of the bitcoin project there. That now appears considerably less feasible because it would potentially expose me, and any other international journalists who travel there, to ongoing surveillance by Nayib Bukele and his allies.

–David Z. Morris