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ScienceDaily: Earth & Climate News |
Climate change may cut soil's ability to absorb water Posted: 11 Sep 2019 12:12 PM PDT Coasts, oceans, ecosystems, weather and human health all face impacts from climate change, and now valuable soils may also be affected. Climate change may reduce the ability of soils to absorb water in many parts of the world, according to a new study. And that could have serious implications for groundwater supplies, food production and security, stormwater runoff, biodiversity and ecosystems. |
A precise chemical fingerprint of the Amazon Posted: 11 Sep 2019 12:12 PM PDT This novel drone-based chemical monitoring system tracks the health of the Amazon in the face of global climate change and human-caused deforestation and burning. |
How species colonize habitats opened by anthropogenic land cover change Posted: 11 Sep 2019 12:11 PM PDT As plants expand into new open habitats, geographical and climatic factors may matter more than species-specific traits, according to a new study. |
Topography could save sensitive saguaros as climate changes Posted: 11 Sep 2019 12:11 PM PDT By studying nearly five decades of data on more than 5,800 saguaros dotting Tumamoc Hill, researchers found that small variations in the hill's topography might buffer saguaro populations from the impacts of climate change. |
Long before other fish, ancient sharks found an alternative way to feed Posted: 11 Sep 2019 11:28 AM PDT Researchers have used tools developed to explore 3D movements and mechanics of modern-day fish jaws to analyze a fossil fish for the first time. |
Public support for gene drives in agriculture tied to limits Posted: 11 Sep 2019 11:27 AM PDT The first national survey inquiring about American attitudes toward agricultural gene drives shows more support for systems that are limited in scope and aimed at non-native insects. |
A Goldilocks zone for planet size Posted: 11 Sep 2019 11:27 AM PDT Researchers have described a new, lower size limit for planets to maintain surface liquid water for long periods of time, extending the so-called Habitable or 'Goldilocks'' Zone for small, low-gravity planets. This research expands the search area for life in the universe and sheds light on the important process of atmospheric evolution on small planets. |
Reconstructing the evolution of all species Posted: 11 Sep 2019 11:27 AM PDT By looking into fossil teeth from almost 2 million years old rhinos, researchers have launched a new molecular method for studying the evolutionary history of fossil species dating back millions of years. |
Digital records of preserved plants and animals change how scientists explore the world Posted: 11 Sep 2019 11:27 AM PDT There's a whole world behind the scenes at natural history museums that most people never see -- millions upon millions of dinosaur bones, pickled sharks, dried leaves, and every other part of the natural world. These specimens are used in research by scientists trying to understand how different kinds of life evolved and how we can protect them. A study shows how scientists are using digital records of all these specimens in their research. |
Corn one step closer to bacterial leaf streak resistance Posted: 11 Sep 2019 09:51 AM PDT Bacterial leaf streak, a foliar disease in corn, has only been in the United States for a handful of years, but researchers say it's a major problem in the Western US Corn Belt. |
The danger of heat and cold across Australia Posted: 11 Sep 2019 09:19 AM PDT Cold temperatures are not nearly as deadly as heat, with around 2% of all deaths in Australia related to heat, according to new research. |
Aphid-stressed pines show different secondary organic aerosol formation Posted: 11 Sep 2019 09:19 AM PDT Plants emit gases, called volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that enter the atmosphere, where they can interact with other natural and human-made molecules to form secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). These tiny, suspended particles influence atmospheric processes, such as cloud formation and sunlight scattering. Now, researchers have shown that aphid-infested Scots pine trees produce a different mixture of VOCs than healthy plants, which then leads to different SOAs. |
Deworming programs for soil-transmitted helminths Posted: 11 Sep 2019 08:30 AM PDT Should global government and philanthropic aid be invested in large public health deworming programs in low- and middle-income countries? Doctors know intestinal helminths can be unpleasant, but should we be on a mission to 'deworm the world'? Will this really help people living in these poor areas, in terms of weight gain, increases in blood haemoglobin, and better attendance and performance at school? |
Conserving rare species for the maintenance of Mediterranean forests Posted: 11 Sep 2019 08:30 AM PDT This study has shown the importance of conserving rare species for the maintenance of complex ecosystems like Mediterranean forests. Therefore, for these species, it becomes essential to understand the factors that make conservation successful. |
Many factors impacting the pH of dicamba spray mixtures Posted: 11 Sep 2019 08:30 AM PDT The EPA now requires new dicamba formulations registered for dicamba-resistant crops to have a pH of 5.0 or higher because of volatility and off-target damage concerns. When it comes to applying spray mixtures under field conditions, though, how do you ensure that pH remains sufficiently high? |
How can we feed the world without overwhelming the planet? Posted: 11 Sep 2019 08:30 AM PDT Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 calls for ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. The environmental challenges posed by agriculture are however massive, and many fear that they will only become more pressing as we try to meet the growing need for food worldwide. Researchers propose alternative hunger eradication strategies that will not compromise environmental protection. |
It's all a blur.....why stripes hide moving prey Posted: 11 Sep 2019 08:30 AM PDT Scientists have shown that patterns -- particularly stripes which are easy to spot when an animal is still -- can also help conceal speeding prey. |
'Planting water' is possible -- against aridity and droughts Posted: 11 Sep 2019 07:16 AM PDT Scientists have developed a mathematical model that can reflect the complex interplays between vegetation, soil and water regimes. They show, for example, that in beech forests water is increasingly cycled between soil and vegetation to increase evaporation to the atmosphere, while grass cover promotes groundwater recharge. |
Advanced breeding paves the way for disease-resistant beans Posted: 11 Sep 2019 07:15 AM PDT Researchers are involved in the development and implementation of a method to efficiently breed for disease-resistant beans in different regions of the world. Their work will help to improve the livelihood and food security of smallholders in developing countries. |
How much photovoltaics (PV) would be needed to power the world sustainably? Posted: 11 Sep 2019 07:15 AM PDT The International Energy Agency has dubbed increased global cooling demand as one of the most critical blind spots in today's energy debate. |
Scientists identify rare evolutionary intermediates to understand the origin of eukaryotes Posted: 11 Sep 2019 07:15 AM PDT A new study provides a key insight into a milestone event in the early evolution of life on Earth -- the origin of the cell nucleus and complex cells. Scientists peered deep inside current living cells, known as Archaea - the organisms that are believed to most closely resemble the ancient intermediates between bacteria and the more complex cells that we now know as eukaryotic cells. |
Mako shark tracking off west coast reveals 'impressive' memory and navigation Posted: 11 Sep 2019 07:15 AM PDT The largest effort ever to tag and track shortfin mako sharks off the West Coast has found that they can travel nearly 12,000 miles in a year. The sharks range far offshore, but regularly return to productive waters off Southern California, an important feeding and nursery area for the species. |
Swapping pollinators reduces species diversity Posted: 11 Sep 2019 06:13 AM PDT Ecologists demonstrate that abandoning one pollinator for another to realize immediate benefits could compromise a flower's long-term survival. The research provides novel insights into fundamental biological processes that ultimately influence food security. |
How long does a whale feed? New data gives insight into blue and fin whale behavior Posted: 11 Sep 2019 04:42 AM PDT Researchers using electronic tags were able to monitor blue and fin whales off the coast of Southern California over multiple weeks, providing new insight into the feeding behaviors of the two largest whale species. |
Focusing on key sustainable development goals would boost progress across all, analysis finds Posted: 11 Sep 2019 04:42 AM PDT The world could make greater progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by prioritizing a subset of the goals rather than pursuing them all equally, a first-of-its-kind mathematical study reveals. |
Flexible solar cells a step closer to reality Posted: 11 Sep 2019 04:41 AM PDT Solar cells that use mixtures of organic molecules to absorb sunlight and convert it to electricity, that can be applied to curved surfaces such as the body of a car, could be a step closer thanks to a discovery that challenges conventional thinking about one of the key components of these devices. |
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