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ScienceDaily: Earth & Climate News |
| A recent reversal in the response of western Greenland’s ice caps to climate change Posted: 09 Sep 2021 01:22 PM PDT Greenland may be best known for its enormous continental scale ice sheet that soars up to 3,000 meters above sea level, whose rapid melting is a leading contributor to global sea level rise. But surrounding this massive ice sheet, which covers 79% of the world's largest island, is Greenland's rugged coastline dotted with ice capped mountainous peaks. These peripheral glaciers and ice caps are now also undergoing severe melting due to anthropogenic (human-caused) warming. However, climate warming and the loss of these ice caps may not have always gone hand-in-hand. |
| Transforming ‘sewer gas’ into clean hydrogen fuel Posted: 09 Sep 2021 01:22 PM PDT Scientists have found a new chemical process to turn a stinky, toxic gas into a clean-burning fuel. |
| Office air quality may affect employees’ cognition, productivity Posted: 09 Sep 2021 09:39 AM PDT The air quality within an office can have significant impacts on employees' cognitive function, including response times and ability to focus, and it may also affect their productivity, according to new research. |
| Surprisingly high emissions from fuel-powered auxiliary heaters in cars Posted: 09 Sep 2021 09:39 AM PDT Fuel-powered auxiliary heaters can be significant sources of particulate emissions from vehicles, a new study shows. |
| Transforming marine biodiversity discovery and monitoring Posted: 09 Sep 2021 09:39 AM PDT A new system for sampling fragments of DNA from marine organisms drifting in the ocean is set to create new opportunities for research on biodiversity and ways of supporting conservation activities. The results showed the ferry-collected samples had traces of DNA from all parts of the vertebrate ecosystem, ranging from small prey fish at the base of the food chain, such as anchovies and sardines, through small and larger predatory fish such as tuna and swordfish, all the way to dolphins, and ocean giants including fin and sperm whales. |
| Firefighter exposure to wildfire smoke compounds varies, depending on duties Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:06 PM PDT Every summer, wildfires rage across the western U.S., and wildland firefighters are tasked with putting them out. But in the process, they inhale smoke and all the compounds in it, which can be harmful at high amounts. Now, researchers have evaluated the presence of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) around firefighters actively combating blazes, finding the highest exposures among hotshot crews and those creating firebreaks. |
| Combining sunlight and wastewater nitrate to make the world’s No. 2 chemical Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:05 PM PDT Engineers have created a solar-powered electrochemical reaction that not only uses wastewater to make ammonia -- the second most-produced chemical in the world -- but also achieves a solar-to-fuel efficiency that is 10 times better than any other comparable technology. |
| Environmental conditions of early humans in Europe Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:05 PM PDT The conditions under which early members of the genus Homo dispersed outside Africa were analysed on a broader scale, across Europe during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. The model is based on the comparison of functional trait distribution of large herbivorous mammals in sites with archaeological or fossil evidence of human presence and in sites, which lack evidence of human presence. |
| Forest fires linked to tens of thousands of avoidable deaths Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:05 PM PDT Setting fire to forest and agricultural land in Southeast Asia to prepare it for cultivation or grazing causes air pollution that is contributing to an estimated 59,000 premature deaths a year, according to a new study. |
| Hand pollination of crops is of major importance Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:04 PM PDT Pollinators -- such as bees, butterflies and birds -- are essential for agricultural production. However, natural pollination can also fail or be insufficient, which can lead to lower yields and poorer quality. This means alternative solutions are needed. Hand pollination, in which pollen is applied manually or mechanically to the flower, can supplement or replace pollination by animals. Researchers now present the first systematic review of hand pollination of food crops. They show that hand pollination is used worldwide on 20 crops, including economically important plants such as apple, oil palm and cocoa. |
| ‘Anti-rust’ coating for plants protects against disease with cellulose nanofiber Posted: 08 Sep 2021 03:04 PM PDT Researchers have found that coating soybean plant leaves with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) gives protection against an aggressive fungal disease. The CNF coating changed leaf surfaces from water repellent to water absorbent, and suppressed pathogen gene expression associated with infection mechanisms, offering resistance to the destructive Asian rust disease. This is the first study to examine CNF application for controlling plant diseases, and it offers a sustainable alternative to managing plant disease. |
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