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ScienceDaily: Earth & Climate News |
| Structure of 'gliding bird' plant protein could lead to better crops Posted: 11 May 2022 09:35 AM PDT When pathogens attack, the NPR1 protein steps in to control a plant's immune response. Scientists have now figured out what the protein looks like and how it works --- a possible boon for agriculture. |
| For outdoor workers, extreme heat poses extreme danger Posted: 11 May 2022 09:34 AM PDT Scientists explore the growing threat that extreme heat poses to workforce health in three of the hottest cities in North America -- Las Vegas, Los Angeles, and Phoenix. Their study results hold important findings for outdoor workers, their employers, and policymakers across the Southwestern U.S. |
| Seeing more species at the coast improves wellbeing: Yet another benefit of biodiversity Posted: 11 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Seeing a larger number of species on urban coastlines -- from marine animals to seaweed -- is likely to improve the wellbeing of local people and visitors, new research has revealed. The findings provide further evidence that biodiversity brings wide-ranging benefits. Studies of land-based environments such as meadows, woodlands, and city parks have shown that people often find places that contain lots of different types of plant and animal life to be more visually pleasing and interesting, as well as more likely to relieve stress. However, we know much less about seashore species and whether they generate the same positive feelings that land-based wildlife does, despite almost half of the world's population living close to the coast. |
| Efficient production technique for a novel 'green' fertilizer Posted: 11 May 2022 06:22 AM PDT A purely mechanical method can produce a novel, more sustainable fertilizer in a less polluting way. Scientists have optimized a production method that is an adaptation of an ancient technique: by milling two common ingredients, urea and gypsum, the scientists produce a new solid compound that slowly releases two chemical elements critical to soil fertilization, nitrogen, and calcium. The milling method is rapid, efficient, and clean -- as is the fertilizer product, which has the potential to reduce the nitrogen pollution that fouls water systems and contributes to climate change. |
| DNA provides unique look at moa and climate change Posted: 11 May 2022 05:57 AM PDT Ancient moa DNA has provided insights into how species react to climate change, a new study has found. |
| 4D composite printing can improve the wings of drones Posted: 10 May 2022 01:34 PM PDT The aviation industry faces multiple pressures from higher fuel costs and increased scrutiny over the environmental and quality-of-life impacts from its aircraft. Researchers are looking for new methods of keeping expenses down while improving overall efficiency, and the relatively new market of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) -- or drones -- is no exception. |
| New research documents domestic cattle genetics in modern bison herds Posted: 10 May 2022 01:34 PM PDT A new study has revealed the strongest evidence to date that all bison in North America carry multiple small, but clearly identifiable, regions of DNA that originated from domestic cattle. |
| Wildlife: What makes some animals more afraid of change than others? Posted: 10 May 2022 11:03 AM PDT Humans are undoubtedly altering the natural environment. But how wild animals respond to these changes is complex and unclear. Scientists have now discovered significant differences in how the brain works in two distinct personality types: those who act fearless and those who seem afraid of new things. Being fearless can help wildlife, specifically birds, find new food sources, explore new nesting areas and help them adapt to changes in their environment; but being afraid can also help protect them from dangerous novel things in their environment such as cars. |
| Scientists advance renewable hydrogen production method Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Perovskite materials may hold the potential to play an important role in a process to produce hydrogen in a renewable manner, according to a recent analysis. Hydrogen has emerged as an important carrier to store energy generated by renewable resources, as a substitute for fossil fuels used for transportation, in the production of ammonia, and for other industrial applications. |
| Diets high in fiber associated with less antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria Posted: 10 May 2022 09:24 AM PDT Healthy adults who eat a diverse diet with at least 8-10 grams of soluble fiber a day have fewer antibiotic-resistant microbes in their guts, according to a new study. The results lead directly to the idea that modifying the diet has the potential to be a new weapon in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. And this does not require eating some exotic diet, but eating a diverse diet, adequate in fiber, a diet that some Americans already eat. |
| Study of pregnant women finds increasing chemical exposure Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT A national study that enrolled a highly diverse group of pregnant women over 12 years found rising exposure to chemicals from plastics and pesticides that may be harmful to development. |
| Micro- and nanoplastic from the atmosphere is polluting the ocean Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT According to estimates, by 2040 the level of plastic pollution could reach 80 million metric tons per year. Plastic particles have now been detected in virtually all spheres of the environment, e.g. in water bodies, the soil and the air. Via ocean currents and rivers, the tiny plastic particles can even reach the Arctic, Antarctic or ocean depths. A new overview study has now shown that wind, too, can transport these particles great distances -- and much faster than water can: in the atmosphere, they can travel from their point of origin to the most remote corners of the planet in a matter of days. |
| Climate change is pushing pine defoliating moth northward 50 years ahead of earlier predictions Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT In Finland, climate change is causing the pine pest Panolis flammea, or pine beauty moth, to shift its range northward 50 years ahead of predictions. Changes in both the distribution and size of the pine beauty moth population are linked to higher temperatures, a new study shows. |
| What benefits nutrition in Africa the most? Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Malnutrition in developing countries is best addressed not by increasing the variety of crops grown on smallholder farms, but by improving access to markets. More variety in animal production, however, does show positive effects. |
| Soil microbes use different pathways to metabolize carbon Posted: 10 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT Much of what scientists think about soil metabolism may be wrong. New evidence suggests that microbes in different soils use different biochemical pathways to process nutrients, respire, and grow. The study upends long-held assumptions in the field of soil ecology and calls for more investigation and higher-resolution methods to be applied to what has been a black box for the field. |
| Assessment of metabolites in African savanna elephants Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT Researchers have conducted the first assessment of metabolites in African savanna elephants, an important step in understanding the relationship between metabolism and health in these endangered animals. |
| Animal research: Influence of experimenters on results less strong than expected Posted: 10 May 2022 07:28 AM PDT The Number One confounding factor in animal research is the person conducting the experiment. Behavioral biologists examined this factor in behavioral experiments involving mice at different locations. |
| Exposure to wildfires increases risk of cancer Posted: 09 May 2022 04:15 PM PDT A new study finds higher incidence of lung cancer and brain tumors in people exposed to wildfires. The study, which tracks over two million Canadians over a period of 20 years, is the first to examine how proximity to forest fires may influence cancer risk. |
| Shipping poses significant threat to the endangered whale shark Posted: 09 May 2022 12:06 PM PDT New research indicates that lethal collisions of whale sharks with large ships are vastly underestimated, and could be the reason why populations are falling. |
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