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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
Sweat monitors predict behavioral issues in teens severely affected with autism Posted: 10 Oct 2019 01:28 PM PDT When people become stressed, their bodies can respond by sweating. Now, researchers are monitoring how much adolescents severely affected by autism sweat in order to better understand when behavioral issues, such as aggression, are likely to occur. |
That new yarn? Wearable, washable textile devices are possible with MXene-coated yarns Posted: 10 Oct 2019 01:15 PM PDT Researchers have figured out how to add more conductivity into functional fabric devices, by coating yarns with a 2-dimensional carbon-based material called MXene, to make conductive threads. The group has developed a dip-coating method, similar to the dyeing process, that can produce a conductive yarn strong enough for use in industrial knitting machines and durable enough to make it through wash cycles without degrading. |
'Sticky' gene may help Valium calm nerves Posted: 10 Oct 2019 01:15 PM PDT For years, scientists thought that these powerful sedatives, which are used to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and sleeping disorders, worked alone to calm nerves. Now, researchers show that this view of the drugs and the neural circuits they affect may have to change. In a study of mice, scientists discovered that both may need the assistance of a 'sticky' gene, named after a mythological figure, called Shisa7. |
Rotavirus infection may turn on type 1 diabetes Posted: 10 Oct 2019 01:15 PM PDT Rotavirus infection may play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes, according to a new article. |
Engineers solve 50-year-old puzzle in signal processing Posted: 10 Oct 2019 01:15 PM PDT Engineers have solved a 50-year-old puzzle in signal processing. They've formulated the 'inverse chirp z-transform,' an algorithm related to one that's running on your cell phone right now. It took some computing power and some math expertise to do it. |
Beyond the 'replication crisis,' does research face an 'inference crisis'? Posted: 10 Oct 2019 01:15 PM PDT For the past decade, social scientists have been unpacking a 'replication crisis' that has revealed how findings of an alarming number of scientific studies are difficult or impossible to repeat. Efforts are underway to improve the reliability of findings, but cognitive psychology researchers say that not enough attention has been paid to the validity of theoretical inferences made from research findings. |
Scientists ask: How can liquid organelles in cells coexist without merging? Posted: 10 Oct 2019 12:16 PM PDT New research may help to explain an intriguing phenomenon inside human cells: how wall-less liquid organelles are able to coexist as separate entities instead of just merging together. |
When studying immune cells, environment matters Posted: 10 Oct 2019 12:16 PM PDT For years, scientists have used cells grown in petri dishes to study the metabolic processes that fuel the immune system. But a new report suggests looking outside the dish and into living organisms gives a drastically different view of the way immune cells process and use energy. |
Water + air + electricity = hydrogen peroxide Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT A reactor produces pure hydrogen peroxide solutions from water, air and energy. |
AI and big data predict which research will influence future medical treatments Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT An artificial intelligence/machine learning model to predict which scientific advances are likely to eventually translate to the clinic has been developed. |
Twist-based refrigeration: Twisting and coiling 'twistocaloric' yarns to keep cool Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a new technology for refrigeration that is based on twisting and untwisting fibers. They demonstrated twist-based refrigeration using materials as diverse as natural rubber, ordinary fishing line and nickel titanium wire. |
People pay more attention to stimuli they associate with danger Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT A new analysis of how people prioritize their attention when determining safety and danger in busy settings, such as crossing a road, suggests that a person will pay more attention to something if they learn it is associated with danger. |
New material could someday power quantum computer Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Quantum computers with the ability to perform complex calculations, encrypt data more securely and more quickly predict the spread of viruses, may be within closer reach thanks to a new discovery. |
CRISPR enzyme programmed to kill viruses in human cells Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Researchers have now turned a CRISPR RNA-cutting enzyme into an antiviral that can be programmed to detect and destroy RNA-based viruses in human cells. |
Scientists 'must be allowed to cry' about destruction of nature Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Scientists witnessing the destruction of the natural world must be supported and 'allowed to cry,' researchers say. |
Enhancing memory network via brain stimulation Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Magnetic stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex increases functional connectivity of a neural network implicated in memory, shows human research. This finding confirms a previous study, validating further exploration of this technique for experimental and clinical applications. |
'Tricked' bacteria open new pathways to antimicrobial treatments Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new technique to trick bacteria into revealing hundreds of holes in their cell walls, opening the door for drugs that destroy bacteria's cells. |
Carnivorous plant study captures universal rules of leaf making Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Leaves display a remarkable range of forms from flat sheets with simple outlines to the cup-shaped traps found in carnivorous plants. |
New tool visualizes nature's benefits worldwide Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT The researchers set out to understand where nature contributes the most to people and how many people may be affected by future changes. By 2050, up to 5 billion people could be at higher risk of water pollution, coastal storms and under-pollinated crops. |
Archaeology: Social inequality in Bronze Age households Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Archaeogenetic analyses provide new insights into social inequality 4,000 years ago: nuclear families lived together with foreign women and individuals from lower social classes in the same household. |
Suicide in low- and middle-income countries Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:21 AM PDT Future treatment and prevention of suicidal behavior in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) should involve a wider range of approaches beyond just the treatment of psychiatric illness, according to a new study. |
Scientists are decoding the genetic mechanisms of aging Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:20 AM PDT Scientists describes the mechanisms by which longevity is regulated post-transcriptionally, or after a genetic blueprint has been transcribed from an organism's DNA. The identification of these mechanisms will serve as a road map for screening new, more specific drugs to prolong healthy lifespan. The laboratory focuses on research on regeneration and aging. |
Key uncertainties identified for models of mosquito distribution in the US Posted: 10 Oct 2019 11:20 AM PDT A computational analysis has identified key regions in the United States where model-based predictions of mosquito species distribution could be improved. |
Impacts of low-dose exposure to antibiotics unveiled in zebrafish gut Posted: 10 Oct 2019 10:57 AM PDT An antibiotic commonly found at low concentrations in the environment can have major impacts on gut bacteria, report researchers. |
E-cigarettes, tobacco and cannabis products are littering high schools Posted: 10 Oct 2019 10:57 AM PDT High schools in the San Francisco Bay area are being contaminated by plastics and toxic litter from e-cigarettes, cannabis products and combustible tobacco products such as cigarettes and cigarillos, a new study has found. |
Five patterns of gun ownership by motivation, practices, other features Posted: 10 Oct 2019 10:57 AM PDT Can firearm owners be grouped into distinct groups based on the number and types of firearms owned, primary reason for having firearms and other patterns of ownership? A new study says, yes. |
Ice on lunar south pole may have more than one source Posted: 10 Oct 2019 10:57 AM PDT New research sheds light on the ages of ice deposits reported in the area of the Moon's south pole -- information that could help identify the sources of the deposits and help in planning future human exploration. |
New CEOs can raise their social game to keep their jobs Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT A new study shows that two key factors can make freshly appointed CEOs more vulnerable and raise the odds they'll get fired. The job security of a new CEO tends to suffer when the stock market reacts badly or when the previous CEO stays on as board chair, according to the study. But the study found that the new CEO can overcome these challenges with what researchers call ''social influence behaviors.'' |
How chlamydia takes up new DNA from host Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT Molecular biologists have pinpointed a gene that allows chlamydia to take up DNA from its host environment. |
A Lego-like approach to improve nature's own ability to kill dangerous bacteria Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT A research team has demonstrated how it could improve upon the ability of nature's exquisitely selective collection of antimicrobial enzymes to attack bacteria in a way that's much less likely to cause bacterial resistance. |
Biologically-inspired skin improves robots' sensory abilities Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT Sensitive synthetic skin enables robots to sense their own bodies and surroundings - a crucial capability if they are to be in close contact with people. Inspired by human skin, a team has developed a system combining artificial skin with control algorithms and used it to create the first autonomous humanoid robot with full-body artificial skin. |
Sharing data for improved forest protection and monitoring Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT Although the mapping of aboveground biomass is now possible with satellite remote sensing, these maps still have to be calibrated and validated using on-site data gathered by researchers across the world. |
Milky Way raids intergalactic 'bank accounts' Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT Gas blown out of the Milky Way disk from exploding stars falls back onto the galaxy to form new generations of stars. In an effort to account for this recycling process, astronomers were surprised to find a surplus of incoming gas. |
Physics researchers explore unknown energy regions Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT Physicists are using photon-proton collisions to capture particles in an unexplored energy region, yielding new insights into the matter that binds parts of the nucleus together. |
Light-based strategy effectively treats carbon monoxide poisoning in rats Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT Investigators recently developed a phototherapy strategy that was highly effective for removing carbon monoxide in rats. |
Tracking wild pigs in real time and understanding their interaction with agro-ecosystems Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT A new study investigates how the success of a wild pig invasion may be dependent on how they use their surrounding food resources, and how when it comes to agriculture, the pigs continue their destructive trend. |
Intelligent, shape-morphing, self-healing material for soft robotics Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT Advances in the fields of soft robotics, wearable technologies, and human/machine interfaces require a new class of stretchable materials that can change shape adaptively while relying only on portable electronics for power. Researchers have developed such a material that exhibits a unique combination of high electrical and thermal conductivity with actuation capabilities that are unlike any other soft composite. |
Explained: The lifetime of an evaporating liquid drop Posted: 10 Oct 2019 09:56 AM PDT The lifespan of a liquid droplet which is transforming into vapour can now be predicted thanks to a new theory. The new understanding can now be exploited in a myriad of natural and industrial settings where the lifetime of liquid drops governs a process' behavior and efficiency. |
Brain scans may provide clues to suicide risk Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT Researchers have identified brain circuitry differences that might be associated with suicidal behavior in individuals with mood disorders. The study provides a promising lead toward tools that can predict which individuals are at the highest risk for suicide. |
Scientists track wheat aphids and their natural enemies for better pest management in Pakistan Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT Scientists have studied the distribution and population dynamics of wheat aphids and their natural enemies in Pakistan through seasons and periods of time. This research could be useful to develop better pest management methods and safer, healthier crops in wheat production. |
Biomedical sciences researchers isolate gut bacteria that can prevent and cure rotavirus infection Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT The presence of specific microbiota, or microorganisms that live in the digestive tract, can prevent and cure rotavirus infection, which is the leading cause of severe, life-threatening diarrhea in children worldwide, according to a new study. |
Koala epidemic provides lesson in how DNA protects itself from viruses Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT In animals, infections are fought by the immune system. Studies on an unusual virus infecting wild koalas reveal a new form of 'genome immunity.' |
Viagra shows promise for use in bone marrow transplants Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated a new, rapid method to obtain donor stem cells for bone marrow transplants using a combination of Viagra and a second drug called Plerixafor. Bone marrow transplants, used mostly in the treatment of cancer, are life-saving procedures to restore the stem cells that generate new blood cells throughout a person's life. |
Gut immunity more developed before birth than previously thought Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT The first comprehensive look at the immune system of the fetal gut shows that it is far more developed before birth, and could help develop new maternal vaccines and reveal if we are predisposed to autoimmune diseases before birth. |
Longtime DNA mystery illuminated by buttons and flies Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT Biologists have uncovered an important clue in the longtime mystery of how long strands of DNA fold up to squeeze into microscopic cells, with each pair of chromosomes aligned to ensure perfect development. |
Nanostructures help to reduce the adhesion of bacteria Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT Scientists has shown how bacteria adhere to rough surfaces at the microscopic level. The team has discovered that precise analysis of the topographical composition of nanostructured surfaces provides a direct means of deriving the adhesive forces that bind bacteria to the surface. This discovery has opened up promising new avenues of research, including ways of combating the bacteria that are so hazardous in clinical environments. |
Watching energy transport through biomimetic nanotubes Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT Scientists have investigated a simple biomimetic light-harvesting system using advanced spectroscopy combined with a microfluidic platform. The double-walled nanotubes work very efficiently at low light intensities, while they are able to get rid of excess energy at high intensities. These properties are useful in the design of novel materials for the harvesting and transport of photon energy. |
Placenta transit of an environmental estrogen Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT The human fetus is considered to be particularly sensitive to environmental contaminants. A team has now been able to demonstrate for the first time how the widespread food estrogen zearalenone behaves in the womb. Using a new analytical method, it was shown that the xenoestrogen migrates through the placenta and is partially converted to other harmful substances. |
Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT Early symptoms of frontotemporal dementia are often confused with symptoms occurring in psychiatric disorders. Researchers show that serum neurofilament levels can be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between these conditions. |
Secrets to climate change adaptation uncovered in the European corn borer moth Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT Biologists have found two genes that may permit some insect species to survive climate change by adjusting their biological annual clocks while others succumb. The researchers looked at the European corn borer moth and pinpointed variation in two circadian clock genes -- per and Pdfr -- that enable different populations of the moth to adapt their transitions to longer or shorter winters. |
New study analyzes FEMA-funded home buyout program Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT An analysis of FEMA's 30-year-old property buyout program offers new insight into the growing debate on managed retreat -- moving people and assets out of flood-prone areas. |
The Milky Way kidnapped several tiny galaxies from its neighbor Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT A team of astronomers has discovered that several of the small -- or 'dwarf' -- galaxies orbiting the Milky Way were likely stolen from the Large Magellanic Cloud, including several ultrafaint dwarfs, but also relatively bright and well-known satellite galaxies, such as Carina and Fornax. |
Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:32 AM PDT A group of physicists have used Monte Carlo modelling to produce a consistent theoretical interpretation of accurate experimental measurements of ion beams in liquid water, which is the most relevant substance for simulating interactions with human tissue. |
Food comas and long-term memories: New research points to an appetizing connection Posted: 10 Oct 2019 08:31 AM PDT There may be a connection between food comas -- resting after eating -- and the formation of long-term memories, a team of neuroscientists concludes based on its study on brain activity in sea slugs. |
Plant death may reveal genetic mechanisms underlying cell self-destruction Posted: 10 Oct 2019 07:49 AM PDT Hybrid plants, which produced by crossing two different types of parents, often die in conditions in which both parents would survive. Certain hybrid tobacco plants, for example, thrive at 36 degrees Celsius, but die at 28 degrees Celsius, which is the temperature at which both parents would thrive. Researchers have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms by which hybrid tobacco plant cells meet their demise. |
Experimental vaccine offers long-term protection against Ebola Posted: 10 Oct 2019 07:49 AM PDT Scientists show, on the molecular level, how an experimental vaccine offers long-term protection against the disease. |
Volleyball: The secret to sneaky float serves Posted: 10 Oct 2019 06:58 AM PDT A team of researchers performed wind tunnel experiments to determine the role of asymmetry caused by the orientation of a volleyball on its aerodynamic characteristics. They found that switching from the standard panel arrangement to a hexagonal or dimpled pattern may improve the consistency of flight, with many potential applications in aviation. |
Algorithm personalizes which cancer mutations are best targets for immunotherapy Posted: 10 Oct 2019 06:58 AM PDT As tumor cells multiply, they often spawn tens of thousands of genetic mutations. Figuring out which ones are the most promising to target with immunotherapy is like finding a few needles in a haystack. Now a new model hand-picks those needles so they can be leveraged in more effective, customized cancer vaccines. |
New electrolyte stops rapid performance decline of next-generation lithium battery Posted: 10 Oct 2019 06:58 AM PDT Researchers have designed and tested a new electrolyte composition that could greatly accelerate the adoption of the next generation of lithium-ion batteries. |
Light my fire: How to startup fusion devices every time Posted: 10 Oct 2019 06:58 AM PDT Researchers have constructed a framework for starting and raising a fusion plasma to temperatures rivaling the sun in hundreds of milliseconds. |
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