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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
Closing critical gap in weather forecasting Posted: 07 Dec 2019 04:35 AM PST Scientists working on the next frontier of weather forecasting are hoping that weather conditions 3-to-4 weeks out will soon be as readily available as seven-day forecasts. Having this type of weather information--called subseasonal forecasts--in the hands of the public and emergency managers can provide the critical lead time necessary to prepare for natural hazards like heat waves or the next polar vortex. |
Dramatic health benefits following air pollution reduction Posted: 06 Dec 2019 02:36 PM PST Reductions in air pollution yielded fast and dramatic impacts on health-outcomes, as well as decreases in all-cause morbidity, according to new findings. |
Study debunks notion that C-section would increase risk of obesity in the child Posted: 06 Dec 2019 12:29 PM PST Women who have C-sections are no more likely to have children who develop obesity than women who give birth naturally, according to a large study. The findings contradict several smaller studies that did find an association between C-section deliveries and offspring obesity but did not consider the numerous maternal and prenatal factors that the researchers did in this study. |
New ultra-miniaturized scope less invasive, produces higher quality images Posted: 06 Dec 2019 12:29 PM PST Johns Hopkins engineers have created a new lens-free ultra-miniaturized endoscope, the size of a few human hairs in width, that is less bulky and can produce higher quality images. |
Nanocontainer ships titan-size gene therapies and drugs into cells Posted: 06 Dec 2019 12:29 PM PST Scientists report they have created a tiny, nanosize container that can slip inside cells and deliver protein-based medicines and gene therapies of any size -- even hefty ones attached to the gene-editing tool called CRISPR. |
New kind of soft elastic material has medical and technological applications Posted: 06 Dec 2019 12:29 PM PST Gel-like materials have a wide range of applications, especially in chemistry and medicine. However, their usefulness is sometimes limited by their inherent random and disordered nature. Researchers have found a way to produce a new kind of gel which overcomes this limitation. It is still malleable and adaptable like existing gels, but it has a more ordered structure, which can open up a new range of possible uses in various fields. |
Gamma-ray laser moves a step closer to reality Posted: 06 Dec 2019 12:29 PM PST A physicist has performed calculations showing hollow spherical bubbles filled with a gas of positronium atoms are stable in liquid helium. The calculations take scientists a step closer to realizing a gamma-ray laser. |
Reduced soil tilling helps both soils and yields Posted: 06 Dec 2019 10:22 AM PST By monitoring crops through machine learning and satellite data, scientists have found farms that till the soil less can increase yields of corn and soybeans and improve the health of the soil -- a win-win for meeting growing food needs worldwide. |
Novel way to ID disease-resistance genes in chocolate-producing trees found Posted: 06 Dec 2019 10:22 AM PST Chocolate-producing cacao trees that are resistant to a major pathogen were identified by an international team of plant geneticists. The findings point the way for plant breeders to develop trees that are tolerant of the disease. |
Current treatment for fungal meningitis is fueling drug resistance Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:46 AM PST A common first-line treatment approach for cryptococcal meningitis in low-income countries is being compromised by the emergence of drug resistance, new research warns. The findings highlight the need to develop new drugs and treatment regimens for the lethal brain infection, which kills around 180,000 people each year. |
Link between vitamin A and brain response in Monarch butterflies Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:45 AM PST Biologists are making strides in understanding biological clock function in several model organisms and translating these studies into broader implications for human health. |
Empowering mucosal healing with an engineered probiotic Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:28 AM PST Researchers developed a living material approach that uses a strain of genetically engineered E.coli Nissle bacteria as a locally acting probiotic. The engineered bacteria produce a network of nanofibers that directly binds to mucus to fill inflamed areas like a patch, shielding them from gut microbes and environmental factors. This probiotic-based therapeutic strategy protected mice against the effects of colitis induced by a chemical agent and promoted mucosal healing. |
Dial-a-frog -- researchers develop the 'FrogPhone' to remotely call frogs in the wild Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:28 AM PST Researchers have developed the 'FrogPhone', a novel device which allows scientists to call up a frog survey site and monitor them in the wild. The FrogPhone is the world's first solar-powered remote survey device that relays environmental data to the observer via text messages, whilst conducting real-time remote acoustic surveys over the phone. |
Scientists use crabs to validate popular method to identify unknown human brain neurons Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:28 AM PST A crab's nervous system could help scientists learn what causes single neurons in the human brain to become 'out of whack,' which can contribute to the development of neurological diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Knowing exactly how a single neuron operates among the billions housed in the human brain could one day help scientists design innovative ways to prevent and treat these diseases, such as targeted therapies. |
Infant morbidity decreases with incentive-based prenatal tobacco interventions Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:28 AM PST A new study reveals a significant reduction in NICU (up to 55%) and preterm births due to incentive-based programs implemented to help low-income pregnant women stop smoking cigarettes. Colorado saved over 4 million dollars in healthcare costs by providing these programs and has an opportunity to save 16 million. The issue is critical because smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy is three to four times higher among women who live in poverty. |
Island 'soundscapes' show potential for evaluating recovery of nesting seabirds Posted: 06 Dec 2019 08:28 AM PST An important tool for monitoring seabird populations involves acoustic sensors deployed at nesting sites to record sounds over long periods of time. But analysis of the recordings to identify and count the calls of different species can be time-consuming, even with computers and artificial intelligence. An alternative approach is to evaluate all of the sounds in an environment as a 'soundscape', using features such as acoustic diversity, complexity, and intensity as indicators of ecosystem health. |
How do you cultivate a healthy plant microbiome? Posted: 06 Dec 2019 07:01 AM PST Crops today never see their parents' microbiome, so how do they develop a leaf microbial community that's healthy and resistant to invasion by pathogens? Biologists sequenced the microbiomes of tomatoes through four generations and saw three-quarters of the bacteria disappear, leaving a core community that proved resistant to random invaders. The findings show it's possible to cultivate a robust plant microbiome, and suggests that probiotic additions could survive on crops, providing lasting benefits. |
Long-term study finds faster breast cancer radiation treatment as effective as long course Posted: 05 Dec 2019 03:34 PM PST Approximately half of the patients were randomly assigned whole breast radiation, delivered once per day over 3 to 5 weeks. The other half received external beam APBI which was given twice a day over 5 to 8 days. The study was long-term, with a median followup of 8.6 years. |
Quarter of Californian adults live in a household with a gun, poll indicates Posted: 05 Dec 2019 03:34 PM PST One in four adults in California lives in a household with a gun, including around 1 in 7 (14%) who personally own a firearm, suggest the results of a survey. |
Cellphone distraction linked to increase in head injuries Posted: 05 Dec 2019 12:53 PM PST Head and neck injuries incurred while driving or walking with a cellphone are on the rise -- and correlates with the launch of the iPhone in 2007 and release of Pokémon Go in 2016, a new study found. |
Root of childhood kidney cancer discovered Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:17 AM PST A fundamental change in our understanding of the childhood kidney cancer Wilms' tumor is on the horizon, after the discovery of its earliest genetic root by scientists. By comparing genome sequences from normal kidney tissue and tumors, the team identified patches of normal-looking kidney tissue that in fact carried DNA changes that cause Wilms' tumor. |
Wildlife in tropics hardest hit by forests being broken up Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:17 AM PST Tropical species are six times more sensitive to forests being broken up for logging or farming than temperate species, says new research. |
Three types of cells help the brain tell day from night Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:17 AM PST Researchers report the discovery of three cell types in the eye that detect light and align the brain's circadian rhythm to our ambient light. The study marks the first direct assessment in humans of light responses from these cells, called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) -- and the implications for health are substantial. |
Taming chronic inflammation may reduce illness, save lives Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:17 AM PST Scientists are recommending early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of severe chronic inflammation to reduce the risk of chronic disease and death worldwide. |
Technique shows how individual cancer cells react to drugs Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:17 AM PST sci-Plex, a new cell-response screening method, pools genetically different cells and shows what happens to individual cells when the sample is treated, such as with cancer drugs. The technology collects information on changes in genetic expression in each labeled cell, providing data useful in exploring mechanisms triggered by drugs or other agents. |
Immune system can be coaxed into selecting key antibodies to fight HIV Posted: 05 Dec 2019 11:16 AM PST Researchers have cleared a major obstacle in the development of an HIV vaccine, proving in animal models that effective, yet short-lasting antibodies can be coaxed into multiplying as a fighting force against the virus. |
Physical forces affect bacteria's toxin resistance, study finds Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:06 AM PST A random conversation between two researchers at a child's birthday party led to a collaboration and new understanding of how bacteria resist toxins, which may lead to new tools in the fight against harmful infections. |
Next generation of CAR-T cells possible Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:06 AM PST A new approach to programing cancer-fighting immune cells called CAR-T cells can prolong their activity and increase their effectiveness against human cancer cells grown in the laboratory and in mice, according to a new study. |
Using green products leads to a warm glow in shoppers Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:06 AM PST A new article suggests that spending some of that money on green products might make consumers feel quite a bit better about their purchases. The study looks at the so-called ''greenconsumption effect'' -- how using a green product creates a ''warm glow'' feeling in users -- and what it means for retailers in an increasingly eco-conscious marketplace. |
A solution for cleaning up PFAS, one of the world's most intractable pollutants Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:06 AM PST Engineers have developed a treatment train for a PFAS compound called HFPO-Dimer Acid, also known by its trade name, GenX. |
Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:05 AM PST The observational and modelling study which used individual-level data from almost 400,000 people extends existing research because it suggests that increasing levels of non-HDL cholesterol may predict long-term cardiovascular risk by the age of 75 years. Past risk estimates of this kind are based on 10-year follow-up data. |
Prenatal and early life exposure to multiple air pollutants increases odds of toddler allergies Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:05 AM PST A new article shows a significant association between multiple prenatal and early life exposures to indoor pollutants and the degree of allergic sensitivity in 2-year-olds. |
A momentous view on the birth of photoelectrons Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:05 AM PST The creation of photoelectrons through ionization is one of the most fundamental processes in the interaction between light and matter. Yet, deep questions remain about just how photons transfer their linear momentum to electrons. With the first sub-femtosecond study of the linear photon momentum transfer during an ionization process, physicists now provide unprecedented insight into the birth of photoelectrons. |
Scientists reliably predict people's age by measuring proteins in blood Posted: 05 Dec 2019 10:05 AM PST Protein levels in people's blood can predict their age, a study has found. The study also found that aging isn't a smoothly continuous process. |
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