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| Epicenter of major Amazon droughts and fires saw 2.5 billion trees and vines killed Posted: 19 Jul 2021 04:16 PM PDT Triggered by the 2015-16 El Niño, extreme drought and associated mega-wildfires caused the death of around 2.5 billion trees and plants and emitted 495 million tons of CO2 from an area that makes up just 1.2 per cent of the entire Brazilian Amazon rainforest, and 0.01 per cent of the whole biome. |
| New study examines commuter characteristics and traffic pollution exposure among commuters Posted: 19 Jul 2021 12:35 PM PDT New research examines commuter characteristics to better understand how factors such as departure time, frequency, and commute length are associated with exposure to air pollution. Using personal air pollution monitors, the research clustered commuters to determine whether these clusters were associated with traffic pollution exposures. The study reveals that commuters that travel during rush hour have higher overall exposure to traffic-related air pollution compared to sporadic commuters, though the difference was not statistically significant. |
| Novel autoantibody adds fuel to COVID-19 'firestorm' of inflammation, blood clots Posted: 19 Jul 2021 12:35 PM PDT Researchers have discovered another functional autoantibody in COVID-19 patients that contributes to the disease's development and the 'firestorm' of blood clots and inflammation it induces. The autoantibody makes it much harder for the body to degrade neutrophil extracellular traps, the toxic webs of DNA and proteins produced by overactive immune cells at heightened levels in COVID patients. |
| Global satellite data shows clouds will amplify global heating Posted: 19 Jul 2021 12:35 PM PDT A new approach to analyse satellite measurements of Earth's cloud cover reveals that clouds are very likely to enhance global heating. |
| Posted: 19 Jul 2021 12:35 PM PDT New research has found marine seismic surveys used in oil and gas exploration are not impacting the abundance or behaviour of commercially valuable fishes in the tropical shelf environment in north-western Australia. |
| A new, inexpensive way to heal chronic wounds Posted: 19 Jul 2021 12:35 PM PDT Scientists are developing a low-cost, practical biopolymer dressing that helps heal chronic wounds. |
| When money's tight, parents talk less to kids; could this explain the word gap? Posted: 19 Jul 2021 12:35 PM PDT Parenting deficiencies have long been blamed for the vocabulary gap between low-income children and their more affluent peers. But new research implicates the economic context in which parenting takes place -- in other words, the wealth gap. |
| How cells control mitochondria Posted: 19 Jul 2021 12:35 PM PDT Researchers discover a signaling protein that controls the assembly of human cellular 'power plants'. |
| Robotic neck brace can help analyze cancer treatment impacts Posted: 19 Jul 2021 11:34 AM PDT A new robotic neck brace may help doctors analyze the impact of cancer treatments on the neck mobility of patients and may help guide their recovery. |
| Why MS patients develop progressive disability Posted: 19 Jul 2021 11:34 AM PDT Did you know multiple sclerosis (MS) means multiple scars? New research shows that the brain and spinal cord scars in people with MS may offer clues to why they developprogressive disability but those with related diseases where the immune system attacks the central nervous system do not. Researchers assessed if inflammation leads to permanent scarring in these three diseases. |
| DNA duplication linked to the origin and evolution of pine trees and their relatives Posted: 19 Jul 2021 11:34 AM PDT A new study shows that DNA duplication has been vitally important throughout the evolutionary history of gymnosperms, a diverse group of seed plants that includes pines, cypresses, sequoias, ginkgos and cycads. |
| Making clean hydrogen is hard, but researchers just solved a major hurdle Posted: 19 Jul 2021 11:34 AM PDT Researchers have found a low-cost way to solve one half of the water-splitting equation to produce hydrogen as clean energy -- using sunlight to efficiently split off oxygen molecules from water. The finding represents a step forward toward greater adoption of hydrogen as a key part of our energy infrastructure. |
| RNA modification may protect against liver disease Posted: 19 Jul 2021 11:34 AM PDT An RNA modification may offer protection against non-alcoholic fatty liver, a condition that results from a build-up of fat in the liver and can lead to advanced liver disease, according to a new study. The modification may also explain why females tend to have higher fat content in the liver. |
| Ocean microbes team up brilliantly to gather food when it's scarce Posted: 19 Jul 2021 11:33 AM PDT What's a hungry marine microbe to do when the pickings are slim? It must capture nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus, or iron - to survive, yet in vast expanses of the ocean, nutrients are extremely scarce. |
| Renewable energy OK, but not too close to home Posted: 19 Jul 2021 09:03 AM PDT When it comes to transitioning from carbon-based to renewable source energy systems, Americans are on board. They're less keen, however, having these new energy infrastructures built close to their homes. |
| Tail without a comet: the dusty remains of Comet ATLAS Posted: 19 Jul 2021 09:03 AM PDT A serendipitous flythrough of the tail of a disintegrated comet has offered scientists a unique opportunity to study these remarkable structures. |
| Scientists on the scent of flavor enhancement Posted: 19 Jul 2021 09:03 AM PDT With hopes to capitalize on the smell factor in flavor development, researchers are exploring how the route an aroma takes to get to the olfactory system, through the nose or the back of the throat, influences our response to the scent in question. |
| Living near woodlands is good for children and young people's mental health Posted: 19 Jul 2021 09:03 AM PDT Analysis of children and young people's proximity to woodlands has shown links with better cognitive development and a lower risk of emotional and behavioural problems, in new research that could influence planning decisions in urban areas. |
| New material could mean lightweight armor, protective coatings Posted: 19 Jul 2021 09:03 AM PDT Research has identified a new material that may lead to lightweight armor, protective coatings, blast shields and other impact-resistant structures. |
| Non-neuronal cells drive sex differences in early brain development Posted: 19 Jul 2021 09:03 AM PDT A new study shows that during development, brain cells may find different ways to connect with each other based on sex. |
| Study shows why second dose of COVID-19 vaccine shouldn't be skipped Posted: 19 Jul 2021 09:02 AM PDT The second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine induces a powerful boost to a part of the immune system that provides broad antiviral protection, according to a new study. |
| New metric for designing safer streets Posted: 19 Jul 2021 09:02 AM PDT A new study shows how biometric data can be used to find potentially challenging and dangerous areas of urban infrastructure. By analyzing eye-tracking data from cyclists navigating Philadelphia's streets, researchers found that these individual-based metrics can provide a more proactive approach for designing safer roadways for bicyclists and pedestrians. |
| Researcher's work with flies could be birth control boon Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT When it comes to making eggs, female flies and female humans are surprisingly similar. And that could be a boon for women seeking better birth control methods, a researcher reports. |
| Remote sensing techniques help treat and manage hollow forests Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT New research shows that modelling hyperspectral- and thermal-based plant traits can help in the early detection of Phytophthora-induced symptoms in oak decline. |
| Novel techniques extract more accurate data from images degraded by environmental factors Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT A team of researchers has developed novel approaches using computer vision and deep learning to resolve the problem of low-level vision in videos caused by rain and night-time conditions, as well as improve the accuracy of 3D human pose estimation in videos. |
| Abelacimab effective blood clot treatment, study suggests Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT A potentially game-changing treatment for people with, or at risk of, blood clots has been found effective by an international team of researchers. |
| For concussion patients, CTs offer window into recovery Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT CT scans for patients with concussion provide critical information about their risk for long-term impairment and potential to make a complete recovery - findings that underscore the need for physician follow-up. |
| Dark heart of the nearest radio galaxy Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT Astronomers have imaged the heart of the nearby radio galaxy Centaurus A in unprecedented detail. |
| Bats in Tel Aviv enjoy the rich variety and abundance of food the city has to offer Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT Researchers have found that when fruit bats forage in the city (Tel Aviv), they are much more exploratory and enjoy the diversity of urban life, visiting a variety of fruit trees every night and tasting as wide a variety of foods as possible. In contrast, rural bats living in Beit Guvrin focus on only one or two fruit trees every night. |
| Scientists adopt deep learning for multi-object tracking Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT Researchers have adapted deep learning techniques in a multi-object tracking framework, overcoming short-term occlusion and achieving remarkable performance without sacrificing computational speed. |
| At last: Separated and freshly bound Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT The carbon-hydrogen bonds in alkanes -- particularly those at the ends of the molecules, where each carbon has three hydrogen atoms bound to it -- are very hard to 'crack' if you want to replace the hydrogen atoms with other atoms. Methane (CH(4)) and ethane (CH(3)CH(3)) are made up, exclusively, of such tightly bound hydrogen atoms. A team of researchers has now described how they break these bonds while forming new carbon-nitrogen bonds (amidation). |
| Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT Some COVID-19 patients who experience acute respiratory failure respond by significantly increasing their respiratory effort -- breathing faster and more deeply. There is concern among some doctors that this level of respiratory effort can lead to further damage to these patients' lungs. Working with intensive care clinicians, engineering researchers have used computational modeling to provide new evidence that high respiratory efforts in COVID-19 patients can produce pressures and strains inside the lung that can result in injury. |
| Cosmic rays help supernovae explosions pack a bigger punch Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT The final stage of cataclysmic explosions of dying massive stars, called supernovae, could pack an up to six times bigger punch on the surrounding interstellar gas with the help of cosmic rays, according to a new study. |
| A small molecule induces readthrough of cystic fibrosis CFTR nonsense mutations Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT An experimental drug suggests that a 'path is clearly achievable' to treat currently untreatable cases of cystic fibrosis disease caused by nonsense mutations. This includes about 11 percent of cystic fibrosis patients, as well as patients with other genetic diseases. |
| Firefighters found to have persistent lung damage from Fort McMurray wildfire Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT Firefighters at the center of the battle against the massive Fort McMurray, Alberta wildfire in 2016 have persistent lung damage, according to new findings by a occupational health research team. The firefighters had more than double the risk of developing asthma compared with the general population. They also exhibited a number of changes in lung function tests supportive of an effect on the lungs, including greater lung hyperreactivity and increased thickening of the bronchial wall. |
| Novel approach for developing new antibiotics Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:05 AM PDT Researchers have developed a novel method for producing new antibiotics to combat resistant bacteria. Through an approach that would target bacteria with an antibiotic that is masked by a pro-drug, which the bacteria would themselves remove, the researchers identified a method that would allow for development of new, effective antibiotics that could overcome issues of resistance. |
| Newly introduced butterfly could become widespread in Canada Posted: 19 Jul 2021 08:03 AM PDT This summer, if you see a butterfly with wings that are blue on top with orange spots underneath, you may have crossed paths with a male European Common Blue (or Polyommatus icarus), a newly introduced species in Canada. Could it be a fluke? Probably not, according to a group of researchers who have taken a close look at this captivating blue creature. |
| Novel coronavirus discovered in British bats Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:31 AM PDT A coronavirus related to the virus that causes Covid-19 in humans has been found in UK horseshoe bats. However, there is no evidence that this novel virus has been transmitted to humans, or that it could in future, unless it mutates. |
| Championing chrononutrition with protein, the morning elixir for muscle growth Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:31 AM PDT Proteins are essential for body growth and muscle building. However, protein metabolism varies depending on the body's internal biological clock. Therefore, it is important to know how distribution of protein intake over the day affects muscles. Researchers have now found that consumption of proteins at breakfast increases muscle size and function in mice and humans, shedding light on the concept of 'Chrononutrition' that deals with the timing of diets to ensure organ health. |
| The mathematics of repulsion for new graphene catalysts Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:31 AM PDT Scientists at Tohoku University and colleagues in Japan have developed a mathematical model that helps predict the tiny changes in carbon-based materials that could yield interesting properties. |
| Repairing hearts with deadly spider venom: Study Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:31 AM PDT A potentially life-saving treatment for heart attack victims has been discovered from a very unlikely source - the venom of one of the world's deadliest spiders. A drug candidate developed from a molecule found in the venom of the Fraser Island (K'gari) funnel web spider can prevent damage caused by a heart attack and extend the life of donor hearts used for organ transplants. |
| Mechanisms to separately regulate synaptic vesicle release and recycling Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:31 AM PDT Interactions of two voltage-gated calcium channels and a pump enable separate control of exocytosis and endocytosis at chemical synapses. |
| Unsustainable Arctic shipping risks accelerating damage to the Arctic environment Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:30 AM PDT The economic and environmental pros and cons of melting Arctic ice creating shorter shipping routes through the polar region are weighed up in ground-breaking research from experts in energy and transport. They conclude that policy makers must properly assess the environmental trade-offs and costs in addition to the commercial benefits and opportunities in Arctic shipping. The authors also want to see more incentives to drive technological developments that will accelerate the uptake of green fuels and technologies. |
| Why identical mutations cause different types of cancer Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:30 AM PDT Why do alterations of certain genes cause cancer only in specific organs of the human body? Scientists have now demonstrated that cells originating from different organs are differentially susceptible to activating mutations in cancer drivers. |
| New alpine moth solves 180-year-old mystery Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:30 AM PDT Butterflies and moths are among the most diverse animal groups. Scientists have found as many as 5,000 species from the Alps alone. Having been a place of intensive research for 250 years, it is considered a sensation if a new species is discovered from the mountain range these days. |
| COVID-19 antibodies persist at least nine months after infection, study shows Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:30 AM PDT Testing of an entire Italian town shows antibody levels remain high nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic. |
| Mathematical models and computer simulations are the new frontiers in COVID-19 drug trials Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:30 AM PDT Researchers are using computer models to simulate COVID-19 infections on a cellular level which allows for virtual trials of drugs and vaccines, opening the possibility of pre-assessment for drug and vaccine efficacy against the virus. |
| Deconstructing the infectious machinery of SARS-CoV-2 Posted: 19 Jul 2021 07:30 AM PDT Scientists have published a comprehensive study that -- alongside other recent, complementary studies of coronavirus proteins and genetics -- represents the first step toward developing treatments for COVID-19. |
| Words matter: Language can reduce mental health and addiction stigma Posted: 18 Jul 2021 06:33 PM PDT Using appropriate language to describe mental illness and addiction can help to reduce stigma and improve how people with these conditions are treated in health care settings and throughout society. The authors define stigma as negative attitudes toward people that are based on certain distinguishing characteristics. |
| Millimeter-tall 'mountains' on neutron stars Posted: 18 Jul 2021 04:14 PM PDT New models of neutron stars show that their tallest mountains may be only fractions of millimeters high, due to the huge gravity on the ultra-dense objects. |
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