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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
| Posted: 13 Aug 2021 03:38 PM PDT Thousands of COVID-19 cases and deaths in California, Oregon, and Washington between March and December 2020 may be attributable to increases in fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) from wildfire smoke, according to a new study. |
| Metasurfaces control polarized light at will Posted: 13 Aug 2021 03:07 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered hidden potential in metasurfaces and demonstrated optical devices that manipulate light's polarization state with an unprecedented degree of control. The research demonstrates a new way to control polarized light with metasurfaces. This new approach -- in which the researchers can engineer a holographic image with a polarization-tunable response across the image itself -- could lead to applications in diverse fields including imaging, microscopes, displays, and even astronomy. |
| Sensor spies hideouts for ?virus replication Posted: 13 Aug 2021 03:07 PM PDT Some types of RNA viruses cloak themselves to hide inside a cell and create copies of themselves. But an enzyme that acts as a virus sensor might be attuned to their whereabouts. A slight variation in their genomic code gives some people's cells the capacity to produce this sensor. Researchers discovered how this sensor helps cells stop the virus before it multiplies too greatly. |
| July was Earth's hottest month on record: NOAA Posted: 13 Aug 2021 01:48 PM PDT July 2021 was the world's hottest month ever recorded, according to new global data released by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information. |
| Crop insurance and unintended consequences Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:20 PM PDT A new study suggests that crop insurance serves as a disincentive for farmers to adopt climate change mitigation measures on their croplands. |
| Cancer patients use less marijuana than general public, study finds Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:20 PM PDT A new study shows that between 2013 and 2018, as many U.S. states were legalizing recreational marijuana, cancer patients continued to abstain in large numbers. |
| For trees, carbs are key to surviving insect defoliation, study finds Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:20 PM PDT Research reveals that a tree's carbohydrate reserves are crucial to surviving an onslaught of hungry caterpillars. |
| Polymer enables tougher recyclable thermoplastics Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:20 PM PDT Researchers took a middling monomer and, by using a special catalyst, they created a tougher polymer that can form long chains. The polymer can then be easily depolymerized back to the monomer state with an acid catalyst, resulting in a chemically recyclable thermoplastic that competes with the most popular plastics, polyethylene and polypropylene. |
| Three-layered control of mRNA tails Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:20 PM PDT Researchers have characterized how the essential mRNA poly(A) tails are synthesized in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The study reveals several mechanisms controlling poly(A) tail lengths and hereby ensuring the robustness of gene expression. |
| Microbial study reveals extended lifespan of starved bacteria Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:20 PM PDT New research shows how bacteria can overcome starvation situations and survive for an extended period, which has broader implications for chronic infections. |
| Brain cholesterol regulates Alzheimer's plaques, study reveals Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:19 PM PDT The production of the Alzheimer's-associated, toxic protein amyloid beta in the brain is tightly regulated by cholesterol in the cell membrane, advanced imaging reveals. |
| Why boiling droplets can race across hot oily surfaces Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:19 PM PDT Researchers have discovered why boiling droplets can race across hot oily surfaces. The commonplace phenomenon, now quantified for the first time, could be harnessed for many useful applications. |
| Faster path planning for rubble-roving robots Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:19 PM PDT Robots that need to use their arms to make their way across treacherous terrain just got a speed upgrade with a new path planning approach. The improved algorithm path planning algorithm found successful paths three times as often as standard algorithms, while needing much less processing time. |
| Navigating the corn maze: Researchers develop technique to map out 'light switches' of maize genome Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:19 PM PDT Getting a full understanding of how genes are regulated is a major goal of scientists worldwide. Now, researchers have developed a technique that can map out nearly all of the likely regulatory switches across a genome. |
| New clinical risk management tools are needed to prevent COVID-19 deaths, say experts Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:19 PM PDT A new study exposes the dire need for new clinical risk management tools to help hospital healthcare workers prevent the deaths and intensive care admissions of Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) COVID-19 patients with pneumonia, say researchers. |
| Scientists take step to improve crops’ photosynthesis, yields Posted: 13 Aug 2021 12:19 PM PDT A new study describes a significant step toward improving photosynthesis and increasing yields by putting elements from cyanobacteria into crop plants. |
| Gender, personality influence use of interactive tools online Posted: 13 Aug 2021 09:00 AM PDT A team of researchers found that people considered websites more interactive if they had tools to facilitate communication between users, often referred to as computer-mediated communication, or CMC. |
| Researchers solve structure of BRCA2 protein complex important in DNA repair Posted: 13 Aug 2021 09:00 AM PDT The initials BRCA2 may be best known for a gene associated with many cases of breast cancer, and the protein encoded by the BRCA2 gene is critical to repairing breaks in DNA. The breakdown of this interaction is a hallmark of many cancers. Now scientists have determined the structure of a complex of two proteins -- BRCA2 together with MEILB2 -- that allows repairs to happen efficiently in cells undergoing cell-splitting, called meiosis. Their results have major implications for cancer and infertility. |
| A holistic approach to materials for the next generation of electrical insulation Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:55 AM PDT Researchers are analyzing new materials for electrical insulation, or packaging, that can remove heat more effectively compared to today's insulation, amid a need to redesign our electrical infrastructure for the next 100 years and beyond to match advanced technology. |
| New tumor cell tracking system aims to understand cancer treatment resistance Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:55 AM PDT A team of researchers have developed a new way to tag tumor cells to figure out how they evolve and change over time to resist cancer treatments. |
| New biomarkers may detect early eye changes that can lead to diabetes-related blindness Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:55 AM PDT Researchers have identified new biomarkers that may advance the early detection of diabetic retinopathy, the most common diabetic eye disease and a leading cause of blindness in U.S. adults. |
| Cats prefer to get free meals rather than work for them Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT When given the choice between a free meal and performing a task for a meal, cats would prefer the meal that doesn't require much effort. |
| Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT The precise transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next is fundamental to life. Most of the time, this process unfolds with remarkable accuracy, but when it goes awry, mutations can arise—some of them beneficial, some of them inconsequential, and some of them causing malfunction and disease. |
| Team of disease ecologists documents person-to-person spread of antimicrobial-resistant plague Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT A team of scientists recently published their findings from a remarkable study involving antimicrobial resistant (AMR) plague. |
| New algorithm can help improve cellular materials design Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT New research has revealed that a simple but robust algorithm can help engineers to improve the design of cellular materials that are used in a variety of diverse applications ranging from defense, bio-medical to smart structures and the aerospace sector. |
| Genetic program protects neurons from degeneration Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT Researchers have identified a previously unknown genetic program in the fruit fly. The genetic material involved controls the development of the neurons while also protecting them from degeneration. They have hardly changed in the course of evolution over hundreds of millions of years and also exist in a comparable form in humans. Initial data show that they presumably perform similar tasks there. The results may therefore also provide a starting point for new active ingredients for neurodegenerative diseases. |
| Football without the fans: Effect of empty stadiums during pandemic Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT Playing professional football games in empty stadiums had a hugely negative effect on the success of home teams, with home advantage almost halved, according to new research. The study used the unique opportunity presented by the COVID-19 pandemic to test whether home advantage applies when fans are not present in the stands. They found that home teams accrued significantly fewer points and scored fewer goals when crowds were absent. |
| Progress in algorithms makes small, noisy quantum computers viable Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT Instead of waiting for fully mature quantum computers to emerge, researchers have developed hybrid classical/quantum algorithms to extract the most performance -- and potentially quantum advantage -- from today's noisy, error-prone hardware. |
| New blood test improves prostate cancer screening Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT Researchers recently reported that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could reduce overdiagnoses and thereby improve prostate cancer screening. Now, the same research group shows that the addition of a novel blood test, the Stockholm3 test, can reduce the number of MRIs performed by a third while further preventing the detection of minor, low-risk tumors. |
| More than one in ten COVID-19 patients infected in hospital in UK's first pandemic wave, study finds Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT More than one in ten COVID-19 patients in 314 UK hospitals caught the infection in hospital during the first pandemic wave, say researchers conducting the world's largest study of severe COVID-19. |
| Farmers help create ‘Virtual safe space’ to save bumblebees Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT Solutions to help pollinators can be tested using a 'virtual safe space' tool created by scientists at the University of Exeter in collaboration with farmers and land managers. |
| Humans aren’t the only species whose metabolisms tend to slow down with age Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:03 AM PDT If you feel like your metabolism just isn't what it used to be, no matter how many hours you spend in the gym, dolphins can relate. A new study finds that bottlenose dolphins burn calories at a lower rate as they get older, just like we do. |
| Just 10% of kids with ADHD outgrow it, study finds Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:02 AM PDT Most children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) don't outgrow the disorder, as widely thought. It manifests itself in adulthood in different ways and waxes and wanes over a lifetime, according to a new study. |
| Effectively removing CO2 from the atmosphere Posted: 13 Aug 2021 07:02 AM PDT Researchers have investigated the extent to which direct capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the ambient air can help to effectively remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The result: With careful planning, for example with regard to location and provision of the necessary energy, CO2 can be removed in a climate-effective manner. |
| Best of both worlds — Combining classical and quantum systems to meet supercomputing demands Posted: 12 Aug 2021 01:19 PM PDT Quantum entanglement is one of the most fundamental and intriguing phenomena in nature. Recent research on entanglement has proven to be a valuable resource for quantum communication and information processing. Now, scientists have discovered a stable quantum entangled state of two protons on a silicon surface, opening doors to an organic union of classical and quantum computing platforms and potentially strengthening the future of quantum technology. |
| Researchers pinpoint how PARP inhibitors combat BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor cells Posted: 12 Aug 2021 01:19 PM PDT PARP inhibitors, used to treat patients with cancer of the breast, ovaries, prostate and pancreas, work by inducing persistent DNA gaps in tumor cells with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. The discovery offers the potential to monitor tumors for the development of resistance to PARP inhibitor therapy, and to identify drug combinations that could prevent drug resistance and improve the efficacy of cancer therapies. |
| Southeastern U.S. gray foxes may be struggling for survival Posted: 12 Aug 2021 01:18 PM PDT A new study suggests competition for food from coyotes -- a relative newcomer to the Southeast -- may be putting pressure on foxes, particularly the gray fox. |
| New marmoset species discovered in Brazilian Amazon Posted: 12 Aug 2021 01:18 PM PDT A team of scientists has discovered a new marmoset species in the Brazilian Amazon. Schneider's marmoset is named after professor Horacio Schneider, a pioneer and major contributor to the research of diversity and evolution of monkeys. |
| Unprecedented peek into life of 17,000-year-old mammoth Posted: 12 Aug 2021 11:50 AM PDT An international research team has retraced the astonishing lifetime journey of an Arctic woolly mammoth, which covered enough of the Alaska landscape during its 28 years to almost circle the Earth twice. |
| Study reveals missing link between high-fat diet, microbiota and heart disease Posted: 12 Aug 2021 11:50 AM PDT A high-fat diet disrupts the biology of the gut's inner lining and its microbial communities -- and promotes the production of a metabolite that may contribute to heart disease, according to a new study. |
| New enzyme that infects plants identified, paving the way for potential disease prevention Posted: 12 Aug 2021 11:50 AM PDT Scientists have identified an unusual enzyme that plays a major role in the infection of plants - and have shown that disabling this enzyme effectively stops plant disease in its tracks. |
| Research shows flocking birds, schooling fish, other collective movements can stabilize ecosystems Posted: 12 Aug 2021 10:59 AM PDT In addition to being visually stunning, schools of herring, herds of wildebeest and countless other groups of organisms that act in concert can help complex ecosystems maintain their diversity and stability. |
| Analysis can predict individual differences in cardiovascular responses to altered gravity Posted: 12 Aug 2021 10:59 AM PDT With recent trips to space travel by business moguls like Jeff Bezos and Richard Branson, visiting the edge of space has never been more within the grasp of commercial travel. However, at these altitudes, passengers experience weightlessness, or more generally, altered gravity, that can affect the body's normal physiology. |
| Novel nanotechnology found to enhance fight against colorectal cancer and melanoma Posted: 12 Aug 2021 09:31 AM PDT Researchers recently completed a study that has the potential to improve cancer treatment for colorectal cancer and melanoma by using nanotechnology to deliver chemotherapy in a way that makes it more effective against aggressive tumors. |
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