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Toward 'off-the-shelf’ immune cell therapy for cancer Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST Immunotherapies, which harness the body's natural defenses to combat disease, have revolutionized the treatment of aggressive and deadly cancers. But often, these therapies -- especially those based on immune cells -- must be tailored to the individual patient, costing valuable time and pushing their price into the hundreds of thousands of dollars. |
Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:17 AM PST Turbulence makes many people uneasy or downright queasy. And it's given researchers a headache, too. Mathematicians have been trying for a century or more to understand the turbulence that arises when a flow interacts with a boundary, but a formulation has proven elusive. |
In spreading politics, videos may not be much more persuasive than their text-based counterparts Posted: 16 Nov 2021 10:16 AM PST Video clips are only modestly more persuasive to audiences than the written word is, according to researchers who conducted an experiment about political misinformation. |
Immune cells against COVID-19 stay high in number six months after vaccination, study shows Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:14 AM PST A recent study provides evidence that CD4+ T lymphocytes -- immune system cells also known as helper T cells -- produced by people who received either of the two available messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines for COVID-19 persist six months after vaccination at only slightly reduced levels from two weeks after vaccination and are at significantly higher levels than for those who are unvaccinated. |
Older-looking brains linked to lower birth weight and genes Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST In brain scans of almost 1500 people throughout Europe, researchers found that people with 'older-looking' brains had both lower birth weight and genes for smaller brains, compared with those with normal aging brains. Both these factors are present early in life, indicating that your 'brain age' is mostly related to early life influences and not so much on events that happen later in life. |
Researchers create novel molecules that serve as ziplines for energy Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Researchers have moved packets of energy along a molecular ladder made of hundreds of benzene rings. Such polymers can potentially be used to design new displays based on organic light-emitting diodes, or for solar cells. |
Air pollution decrease in India during COVID-19 lockdown not as high as originally thought Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Observational data shows air pollution in India decreased drastically in the first COVID-19 lockdown when emissions from vehicles naturally declined, but researchers say those numbers only tell part of the story -- blue skies and an absence of visible smog can be deceiving and hide pollutants that could potentially cause health issues. |
The prostate cancer cell that got away Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Researchers have pioneered a new method to track the progression of prostate cancer in mice, from its birth to its spread into other tissues. This approach allows researchers to study the origins of prostate cancer in a more realistic context than traditional methods allow. |
Microtissue system allows study of deadly lung disease Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and rising air pollution levels, incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is anticipated to rise, urgently increasing the need for strong model systems. Researchers describe a 3D cell culturing platform that allows study of lung fibroblasts and their microenvironment. The platform enables measurement of cell behaviors and microenvironment changes involved in the disease progression of IPF, and the platform's size and simplicity make it suitable for use in high-throughput drug screening protocols. |
Electronic nose on a drone sniffs out wastewater treatment plant stink Posted: 16 Nov 2021 08:13 AM PST Researchers have engineered a portable electronic nose (e-nose) that's almost as sharp as a human nose at sniffing out the stink of wastewater treatment plants. Coupled with a drone, the lightweight e-nose can measure the concentration of different smells, predict odor intensity, and produce a real-time odor map of the plant for management. |
Alluring larvae: Competition to attract fish drives species diversity among freshwater mussels Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST North America's freshwater mussels are both impressively diverse and highly imperiled. Nearly 300 species occur in the United States and Canada, and up to 40 species of the hard-shelled bottom dwellers can be found on a single stretch of a clean, swiftly flowing river. |
A nanoantenna for long-distance, ultra-secure communication Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Researchers have used a nanoantenna to focus light onto a single semiconductor nanobox. This approach will enhance the utility of quantum repeater technology currently under development for advanced communication and data storage. Such technology is essential to overcoming the limitations of classical computer information for securely sharing information over long distances. |
A new approach to identify mammals good at learning sounds Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Why are some animals good at learning sounds? Did this skill appear when animals started 'faking' their body size by lowering calls? In a new study on a wide range of mammals,researchers revisit this question. Surprisingly, many animals who are skilled vocalists (such as dolphins and seals) actually sound higher than would be expected for their body size. |
Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Scientists are turning to genomics to better understand the epidemiology of malaria and to inform control and elimination interventions and strategies. In the Lake Victoria region of Kenya, malaria burden remains very high despite more than a decade of intense control activities. A team of researchers generated whole Plasmodium falciparum genome sequences from the lake region. Their analyses revealed that malaria parasites from this region appear distinct from other parasites from East Africa, while frequencies of known drug resistance markers were similar to those in other East African parasite populations. |
Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Since 2015, researchers have been tracking emissions from oil and gas wells and report that, over that time, emissions from the region have fallen by half. But more analysis of leak rates shows that the oil and gas industry has a ways to go in stopping methane leaks, which impact the climate and human health and can impose costs on Utah's economy. |
Solar energy with an' ironclad future' Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Solar energy plays an important role in the fight against climate change as a substitute for fossil fuels. Dye-sensitized solar cells promise to be a low-cost supplement to the photovoltaic systems we know today. Their key feature is the dye sensitizers attached to their surface. Researchers continue to improve the performance with sensitizers using iron -- a commonly available and environmentally friendly metal. |
Astronomers team up to create new method to understand galaxy evolution Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST A husband-and-wife team of astronomers joined forces for the first time in their scientific careers during the pandemic to develop a new method to look back in time and change the way we understand the history of galaxies. |
Big data privacy for machine learning just got 100 times cheaper Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST Computer scientists have discovered an inexpensive way for tech companies to implement a rigorous form of personal data privacy when using or sharing large databases for machine learning. |
Diet trumps drugs for anti-aging and good metabolic health Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST A study comparing the impact of diet versus drugs on the inner workings of our cells has found nutrition has a much stronger impact. |
Fraternizing vampire bats share 'social microbiomes' Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:31 AM PST In an unusual study, researchers found that bats that interacted closely with one another shared much more than body heat. |
New gene identified that contributes to progression to type 1 diabetes Posted: 16 Nov 2021 07:29 AM PST When the pro-inflammatory pair, a receptor called CCR2 and its ligand CCL-2, get together, it increases the risk of developing type 1 diabetes, scientists report. |
As we develop, the brain connects lessons learned differently Posted: 15 Nov 2021 12:10 PM PST A new study of brain activity patterns in people doing a memory task finds that the way we make inferences -- finding hidden connections between different experiences -- changes dramatically as we age. The study's findings might one day lead to personalized learning strategies based on a person's cognitive and brain development. The researchers found that whereas adults build integrated memories with inferences already baked in, children and adolescents create separate memories that they later compare to make inferences on the fly. |
Trees on the move: Researchers reveal how wildfire accelerates forest changes Posted: 15 Nov 2021 12:10 PM PST As climate conditions change, tree species are shifting their ranges. Wildfire is accelerating this process, likely by reducing competition from established species -- a finding that raises questions about how to manage land in an era of shifting ecosystems. |
Africa's 'Green Wall' also makes economic sense Posted: 15 Nov 2021 12:10 PM PST Fifteen years ago, the African Union decided on an ambitious program: degraded ecosystems in parts of the Sahel are to be successively restored in order to secure food for the people living there and to protect the soil against further degradation. At the same time, the African Great Green Wall is an important contribution to combating climate change. A study now shows that it also makes economic sense - although not everywhere in the Sahel. |
Nascent polypeptides stabilize ribosomes for uninterrupted translation Posted: 15 Nov 2021 12:10 PM PST Protein production (translation) is a complex process involving machinery called ribosomes. How do cells counter ribosomal destabilization leading to premature termination of translation? Scientists have uncovered a novel role of nascent protein chains in stabilizing translating ribosomes. They suggest that longer peptide sequences spanning the ribosomal exit tunnel and bulky amino acid residues in the tunnel entry help stabilize the ribosome by bridging its subunits, ensuring uninterrupted translation. |
Carbon dioxide cold traps on the moon are confirmed for the first time Posted: 15 Nov 2021 12:10 PM PST After decades of uncertainty, researchers have confirmed the existence of lunar carbon dioxide cold traps that could potentially contain solid carbon dioxide. The discovery will likely have a major influence in shaping future lunar missions and could impact the feasibility of a sustained robot or human presence on the moon. |
Researchers discover new insights about tau proteins in people living with ALS Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST Investigators found elevated levels of tau and a phosphorylated form of the tau protein in brain tissue from deceased people who had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and carried a mutation in the C9orf72 gene. The team also identified new genetic mutations in the tau gene that may exacerbate ALS onset or progression. Tau in the cerebrospinal fluid may be a viable biomarker for ALS because levels correlate with disease progression. |
Researchers train computers to predict the next designer drugs Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST Researchers have trained computers to predict the next designer drugs before they are even on the market, technology that could save lives. Identifying these so-called 'legal highs' within seized pills or powders can take months, during which time thousands of people may have already used a new designer drug. But new research is already helping law enforcement agencies around the world to cut identification time down from months to days, crucial in the race to identify and regulate new versions of dangerous psychoactive drugs. |
COVID patients on SSRI antidepressants are less likely to die, study finds Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST A large analysis of health records from 87 health care centers across the United States found that people taking a class of antidepressants called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly fluoxetine, were significantly less likely to die of COVID-19 than a matched control group. |
Ultra-large single-crystal WS2 monolayer Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST A new technique opens a possibility to replace silicon with 2D materials in semiconducting technology. |
This light-powered catalyst mimics photosynthesis Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST By mimicking photosynthesis, researchers have designed a new type of photocatalyst that can absorb light and use it to help catalyze a variety of chemical reactions that would otherwise be difficult to perform. |
Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST New research has shown the drug losartan, normally used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), is not effective in slowing down the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with mild-to-moderate disease after 12 months of treatment. However, the drug could still be of benefit if prescribed for longer and if given to people with very early disease. |
Researchers target a mouse’s own cells, rather than using antibiotics, to treat pneumonia Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST Researchers have discovered a therapy that targets host cells rather than bacterial cells in treating bacterial pneumonia in rodents. The method involves white blood cells of the immune system called macrophages that eat bacteria, and a group of compounds that are naturally produced in mice and humans called epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs. |
A key brain region responds to faces similarly in infants and adults Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of babies ranging in age from two to nine months, researchers have found regions of the infant visual cortex that show strong preferences for either faces, bodies, or scenes, just as they do in adults. |
Keeping chocolate milk smooth, stable without carrageenan Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST Fat-free chocolate milk processed for the first time with high-pressure jet technology exhibits enhanced viscosity, stabilizing cocoa particles in the fluid and eliminating the need for adding a controversial emulsifier. That's the conclusion of a team of researchers, whose study suggests that the new technology can preclude the use of carrageenan in chocolate milk. The widely used food additive -- which helps keep the liquid smooth and well-mixed even after days sitting on a store shelf -- is not desired by many consumers, especially in organic chocolate milk. |
Lab mimics molecule found in poppies Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST An undergraduate leads the discovery of a way to synthesize a rare molecule drawn from poppies. The molecule could become a building block for painkillers and other drugs. |
Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST A simple surgical technique during cardiac surgery was associated with a 56 percent reduction in the incidence of an irregular heart rhythm known as atrial fibrillation that can lead to stroke, with no added risks or side effects, according to a new study. The findings suggest that the method, called posterior left pericardiotomy, has significant potential for preventing prolonged hospital stays and the need for additional interventions and drugs to reduce the risk of strokes and heart failure associated with atrial fibrillation. |
Altered fat metabolism, enzyme, likely plays key role in Lou Gehrig’s disease Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:35 AM PST A new study using genetically engineered mice and human cell and tissue samples has added to evidence that higher levels of inflammatory chemicals involved in fat metabolism occur in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the neuromuscular disorder, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. |
Where does gold come from? New insights into element synthesis in the universe Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:34 AM PST How are chemical elements produced in our Universe? Where do heavy elements like gold and uranium come from? Using computer simulations, a research team shows that the synthesis of heavy elements is typical for certain black holes with orbiting matter accumulations, so-called accretion disks. The predicted abundance of the formed elements provides insight into which heavy elements need to be studied in future laboratories to unravel the origin of heavy elements. |
Bulletproof fingerprint technology takes images in the round Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:34 AM PST Experts have developed a unique method for retrieving high resolution images of fingermarks from curved objects like bullet casings that offers greater detail and accuracy than traditional forensic methods. |
Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:34 AM PST More than 70% of microplastics found in samples from oceans and rivers could come from the scientists collecting them. A new article investigates procedural contamination when sampling for microparticles in aquatic environments. The study shows that a significant amount of microplastics and microfibres from scientists' clothing and gear mixes with environmental pollution in the water samples. |
Hubble tension: Showing the cracks in Gaussian Processes Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:34 AM PST A new analysis of the Hubble constant to show that the Gaussian Processes data reconstruction technique may not actually be independent of all cosmological models -- and that it may be time to question the validity of model independence itself. |
Liquid fuels from carbon dioxide Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:34 AM PST A new electrocatalyst called a-CuTi@Cu converts carbon dioxide (CO2) into liquid fuels. Active copper centered on an amorphous copper/titanium alloy produces ethanol, acetone, and n-butanol with high efficiency. |
Using T cells to target malignant brain tumors Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:34 AM PST Doctors and scientists have successfully tested a neoantigen-specific transgenic immune cell therapy for malignant brain tumors for the first time using an experimental model in mice. |
Dreaming of being an investment shark? Better figure out if you’re an ‘owl’ or a ‘lark,’ study finds Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:34 AM PST If you're a night owl looking to invest in the next big startup, making that decision first thing in the morning might not be the best idea, according to a new study. |
Larger conservation areas didn’t protect animals in central Africa Posted: 15 Nov 2021 09:31 AM PST Efforts to protect threatened and endangered species in central Africa might be more successful if they focused on a smaller geographic area, new research suggests. |
Easternmost Roman aqueduct discovered in Armenia Posted: 15 Nov 2021 07:34 AM PST Archaeologists have discovered remains of a Roman arched aqueduct during excavation work on the Hellenistic royal city of Artashat-Artaxata in ancient Armenia. It is the easternmost arched aqueduct in the Roman Empire. |
New approach provides potential vaccine and treatment for Alzheimer’s Posted: 14 Nov 2021 05:17 PM PST A promising new approach to potentially treat Alzheimer's disease -- and also vaccinate against it -- has been developed by a team of scientists. |
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