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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
| Researchers discover that anti-malaria drugs can fight pulmonary disease Posted: 21 Mar 2022 01:27 PM PDT A research team has discovered that drugs used to treat malaria are also effective at treating a pulmonary disease similar to tuberculosis. |
| With land grabs comes competition for water — and local farmers are likely to lose Posted: 21 Mar 2022 01:27 PM PDT New research shows large-scale land acquisitions (LSLAs) in Ethiopia's Omo River region could threaten water resources downstream to the local farmers and Indigenous populations living along the Omo -- just one example of how a decades-long 'global land rush' could intensify water scarcity around the world. |
| Harnessing the power of AI to advance knowledge of Type 1 diabetes Posted: 21 Mar 2022 12:04 PM PDT An interdisciplinary team of researchers has used a new data-driven approach to learn more about persons with Type 1 diabetes, who account for about 5-10% of all diabetes diagnoses. The team gathered its information through health informatics and applied artificial intelligence (AI) to better understand the disease. |
| Finding ways to turn down the heat in cities Posted: 21 Mar 2022 12:04 PM PDT Rooftop gardens and greenery can help ease some of the severe heat in cities, according to research from climate scientists. |
| Genomic analysis supports ancient Muwekma Ohlone connection Posted: 21 Mar 2022 12:04 PM PDT A research collaboration with the Muwekma Ohlone tribe -- whose ancestral lands include the Stanford campus -- shows a genetic relationship between modern-day Tribe members and individuals buried nearby who lived more than 1,900 years ago. |
| New enzyme discovery is another leap towards beating plastic waste Posted: 21 Mar 2022 12:04 PM PDT Scientists who helped to pioneer the use of enzymes to eat plastic have taken an important next step in developing nature-based solutions to the global plastics crisis. They have characterized an enzyme that has the remarkable capacity to help break down terephthalate (TPA), one of the chemical building blocks of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic, which is used to make single-use drinks bottles, clothing and carpets. |
| Scientists determine structure of a DNA damage 'first responder' Posted: 21 Mar 2022 10:22 AM PDT The results of this collaborative project overturn some conventional wisdom about how the DNA repair process works. |
| Twisted vibrations enable quality control for chiral drugs and supplements Posted: 21 Mar 2022 10:21 AM PDT It's not easy to be sure that drugs and supplements with twisted -- or chiral -- structures are turning in the correct direction. Now, twirling infrared light can probe both the structures of molecular crystals and their twists. |
| Ape 'vocabularies' shaped by social mingling — like in humans Posted: 21 Mar 2022 10:21 AM PDT Social mingling shapes and transforms the 'vocabularies' of apes, just like in humans, according to new research. |
| Computational approach enables spatial mapping of single-cell data within tissues Posted: 21 Mar 2022 10:21 AM PDT A new computational approach successfully combines data from parallel gene-expression profiling methods to create spatial maps of a given tissue at single-cell resolution. The resulting maps can provide unique biological insights into the cancer microenvironment and many other tissue types. |
| Microbial communities where cells cooperate have increased drug tolerance Posted: 21 Mar 2022 10:21 AM PDT Research has revealed a key mechanism which increases tolerance to drugs amongst microbial communities. The findings could help the development of more effective antifungal treatments. |
| Cryo-EM reveals how '911' molecule helps fix damaged DNA Posted: 21 Mar 2022 10:21 AM PDT When something goes wrong during DNA replication, cells call their own version of 911 to pause the process and fix the problem -- a failsafe that is critical to maintaining health and staving off disease. Now, scientists have for the first time revealed how a key piece of this repair process -- appropriately called the 911 DNA checkpoint clamp -- is recruited to the site of DNA damage. The findings illuminate new insights into the way cells ensure genetic instructions are properly passed from one generation of cells to the next. |
| How the Chagas pathogen changes the intestinal microbiota of predatory bugs Posted: 21 Mar 2022 10:21 AM PDT In Central and South America, predatory blood-sucking bugs transmit the causative agent of the widely prevalent Chagas disease. As the disease can induce severe symptoms and to date there is no vaccine against the Trypanosoma parasites, the main approach at present is to control the bug using insecticides. A research team has now studied how trypanosomes change the bug's intestinal microbiota. The long-term goal: to change the bacterial community in the predatory bug's intestine in such a way that it can defend itself against the trypanosomes. |
| Wind, solar could replace coal power in Texas Posted: 21 Mar 2022 08:59 AM PDT A fraction of the wind and solar projects already proposed in Texas could eliminate the state's remaining coal power plants and their emissions, according to engineers. |
| Taste, temperature and pain sensations are neurologically linked Posted: 21 Mar 2022 08:59 AM PDT Biologists have found that the brain categorizes taste, temperature and pain-related sensations in a common region of the brain and that the brain also groups these sensations together as either pleasant or aversive, potentially offering new insights into how scientists might better understand the body's response to and treatment of pain. |
| Classifying weather to tease out how aerosols influence storms Posted: 21 Mar 2022 08:58 AM PDT A new study used artificial intelligence to analyze 10 years of weather data collected over southeastern Texas to identify three major categories of weather patterns and the continuum of conditions between them. The study will help scientists seeking to understand how aerosols -- tiny particles suspended in Earth's atmosphere -- affect the severity of thunderstorms. |
| Staying alive: How 'self-pollen' can cheat death Posted: 21 Mar 2022 08:58 AM PDT A new gene that controls self-fertilization has been identified in an engineered version of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. |
| Tiny magnets could hold the secret to new quantum computers Posted: 21 Mar 2022 08:58 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a type of magnetic behavior that could help enable magnetically based quantum devices. |
| Vegetable oil emissions study reveals urgent need for greener growing solutions Posted: 21 Mar 2022 08:58 AM PDT A new global study has revealed the extent of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by vegetable oil production, highlighting the need for more sustainable growing solutions. |
| COVID-19 Increases risk of type 2 diabetes, study finds Posted: 21 Mar 2022 08:58 AM PDT People who have had COVID-19 are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a new study. |
| Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:38 AM PDT Lifelong physical activity could protect against age-related loss of muscle mass and function, according to new research. Individuals aged 68 and above who were physically active throughout their life have healthier aging muscle that has superior function and is more resistant to fatigue compared to inactive individuals, both young and old. This is the first study to investigate muscle, stem cell and nerve activity in humans. The researchers from University of Copenhagen, Denmark, found that elderly individuals who keep physically active throughout their adult life, whether by taking part in resistance exercise, ball games, racket sports, swimming, cycling, running and/or rowing had a greater number of muscle stem cells, otherwise known as satellite cells in their muscle. These cells are important for muscle regeneration and long-term growth and protect against nerve decay. |
| Bacteria-shredding insect wings inspire new antibacterial packaging Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:38 AM PDT Inspired by the bacteria-killing wings of insects like cicadas, scientists have developed a natural antibacterial texture for use on food packaging to improve shelf life and reduce waste. |
| Study shows that intranasal Rx halts memory decay in experimental Alzheimer’s model Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:38 AM PDT A research collaboration has found that applying specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators intranasally arrested memory loss and brain degeneration in an experimental model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). |
| Characterizing super-semi sandwiches for quantum computing Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:38 AM PDT Semiconductors are the foundation of modern technology while superconductors with their zero electrical resistance could become the basis for future technologies, including quantum computers. So-called 'hybrid structures' -- carefully crafted sandwiches made from superconductors and semiconductors -- may lead to new quantum effects. However, convincing observations have remained elusive. Now, researchers have found a way to probe such 'super-semi sandwiches' and to reveal what is going on. |
| A whale’s tale: The story hidden in their mouths Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:37 AM PDT Baleen plates -- the signature bristle-like apparatus toothless whales use to feed -- reveal how these large aquatic mammals adapt to environmental changes over time. |
| Booster for immune protection after coronavirus infection Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:37 AM PDT When our immune system comes into contact with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, it fights back and produces antibodies. A similar immune response is triggered by coronavirus vaccines. However, there is still little data available on the strength and durability of immune protection. Researchers have now been able to detect high levels of neutralizing antibodies in test persons even 300 days after a coronavirus infection with the original variant of the coronavirus. |
| COVID-19 pandemic fueled massive growth in green industry Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:37 AM PDT The COVID-19 pandemic hasn't been a great couple of years. But for the green industry, like plant nurseries and greenhouses, it's been a boon. But will the uptick in gardening last once the last coronavirus restrictions are lifted? Probably not to the same extreme levels, according to new research. But for some, the introduction to gardening may have been just what they needed to dive into a new hobby. |
| A novel painless and reliable allergy test Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:37 AM PDT Although allergies are widespread, their diagnosis is complex and, depending on the type of allergy, the prospects of success with therapy are not always clear. Skin tests so far have been unpleasant, time-consuming and associated with a certain risk of triggering an allergic overreaction. Researchers have now developed a novel test that massively simplifies the diagnosis of allergies and can reliably predict the success of a therapy. |
| Soil erosion and wildfire another nail in coffin for Triassic era Posted: 21 Mar 2022 07:37 AM PDT New research has revealed that soil erosion and wildfires contributed to a mass extinction event 201 million years ago that ended the Triassic era and paved the way for the rise of dinosaurs in the Jurassic period. |
| Identifying toxic materials in water with machine learning Posted: 21 Mar 2022 06:19 AM PDT Waste materials from oil sands extraction, stored in tailings ponds, can pose a risk to the natural habitat and neighboring communities when they leach into groundwater and surface ecosystems. Until now, the challenge for the oil sands industry is that the proper analysis of toxic waste materials has been difficult to achieve without complex and lengthy testing. And there's a backlog. For example, in Alberta alone, there are an estimated 1.4 billion cubic meters of fluid tailings. |
| New ways to improve urban wetlands Posted: 21 Mar 2022 06:19 AM PDT New studies provide valuable insights into removing toxins from polluted waterways and improving filtration at urban wetlands. One study found a wetland plant capable of reducing PFAS in soil and water, and another looked for better urban wetland water flow management during summer. |
| MRI innovation makes cancerous tissue light up and easier to see Posted: 21 Mar 2022 06:19 AM PDT A new form of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that makes cancerous tissue glow in medical images could help doctors more accurately detect and track the progression of cancer over time. |
| Amid war and disease, World Happiness Report shows bright spot Posted: 19 Mar 2022 05:16 AM PDT In this troubled time of war and pandemic, the World Happiness Report 2022 shows a bright light in dark times. According to the team of international researchers, the pandemic brought not only pain and suffering but also an increase in social support and benevolence. |
| Effectiveness of antibiotics significantly reduced when multiple bugs present Posted: 19 Mar 2022 05:16 AM PDT A study has found that much higher doses of antibiotics are needed to eliminate a bacterial infection of the airways when other microbes are present. It helps explain why respiratory infections often persist in people with lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis despite treatment. |
| Astronomers closer to unlocking origin of mysterious fast radio bursts Posted: 19 Mar 2022 05:16 AM PDT Nearly 15 years after the discovery of fast radio bursts (FRBs), the origin of the millisecond-long, deep-space cosmic explosions remains a mystery. That may soon change, thanks to the work of an international team of scientists which tracked hundreds of the bursts from five different sources and found clues in FRB polarization patterns that may reveal their origin. |
| Researchers map human sensory neurons, pursue chronic pain cure Posted: 18 Mar 2022 02:05 PM PDT An investigation into how human sensory neurons differ from animal neurons has provided researchers with important clues in the pursuit of more effective treatments for chronic pain. Researchers are analyzing the origins of how pain is generated by nociceptors in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, charting the full transcriptome of messenger RNA strands produced in these cells. |
| Posted: 18 Mar 2022 02:05 PM PDT Researchers have discovered a new form of ice, redefining the properties of water at high pressures. |
| Conversion process turns pollution into cash Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Engineers have developed a promising electrochemical system to convert emissions from chemical and power plants into useful products while addressing climate change. |
| Researchers use unique ingredient to strengthen bamboo Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Researchers have adapted a technique -- originally designed to embalm human remains -- to strengthen the properties of biocomposites and make them stronger. With the innovation of new materials and green composites, it is easy to overlook materials like bamboo and other natural fibers, explains one of the researchers. These fibers are now used in many applications such as clothing, the automotive industry, packaging and construction. |
| Exploring the therapeutic uses of ketamine Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT First manufactured more than 50 years ago, ketamine is a fast-acting dissociative anesthetic often used in veterinary and emergency medicine. Ketamine also has a history of being an illicit party drug. Now, ketamine is getting a closer look. |
| Artificial intelligence paves the way to discovering new rare-earth compounds Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Artificial intelligence advances how scientists explore materials. Researchers trained a machine-learning (ML) model to assess the stability of rare-earth compounds. The framework they developed builds on current state-of-the-art methods for experimenting with compounds and understanding chemical instabilities. |
| Antabuse may help revive vision in people with progressive blinding disorders Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Animal and cell studies show that as retinal cells die in degenerative eye diseases, they make other cells hyperactive, creating noise that further obscures vision. Tests to prove this in humans are hard to conduct, however. Antabuse, an approved drug used to wean people off alcohol, should tamp down this hyperactivity and conclusively show whether hyperactivity plays a role in humans, potentially driving work to find better drugs to help those with progressive vision loss. |
| Ancient ancestors evolved to be strong and snappy Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Researchers show that the earliest jaws in the fossil record were caught in a trade-off between maximizing their strength and their speed. |
| Could we make cars out of petroleum residue? Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Researchers have developed a way to make lightweight fibers, for possible use in the bodies of cars, out of an ultracheap feedstock: the waste material from the refining of petroleum. |
| Piezo1 possible key to supporting muscle regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Tracing the impact of a single protein, Piezo1, researchers found that restoring it in muscles affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy could improve their ability to heal efficiently. |
| When the brain sees a familiar face Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered new information about how the area of the brain responsible for memory is triggered when the eyes come to rest on a face versus another object or image. |
| Youngest brain tumor patients have significantly poorer outcomes than older pediatric patients Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT A researcher has found, through extensive data analysis, that the youngest patients with brain tumors -- those ages birth to 3 months -- have about half the five-year survival rate as children ages 1 to 19. |
| Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT An international research team has found a simple method for growing lung tissue in the lab. These organoids could be used in diagnosis, drug development, and fundamental research. Laboratory studies of lung tissue usually require the removal of large amounts of human or animal tissue. Now scientists have generated tiny quantities of lung tissue, so-called organoids, from just a few body cells in the lab. The tissue forms a three-dimensional structure as it develops, complete with the tiny hairs on the surface typical of lung tissue. These organoids can play an important part in future research on lung diseases, drug development, or personalized medicine. |
| New strategy reduces brain damage in Alzheimer’s and related disorders, in mice Posted: 18 Mar 2022 10:16 AM PDT Alzheimer's disease is the most common and best known of the tauopathies, a set of neurodegenerative brain diseases caused by toxic tangles of the protein tau. A study has now shown that targeting astrocytes -- an inflammatory cell in the brain -- reduces tau-related brain damage and inflammation in mice. |
| Natural COVID-19 antibodies lasts seven months for children, according to new study Posted: 18 Mar 2022 10:16 AM PDT Children previously infected with COVID-19 develop natural circulating antibodies that last for at least seven months, according to a new study. |
| Researchers develop the world's first power-free frequency tuner using nanomaterials Posted: 18 Mar 2022 10:16 AM PDT Phase-change nanowires could serve as the ultimate tunable frequency synthesizers and filters for the future of IoT and 5G networks. |
| Posted: 18 Mar 2022 10:16 AM PDT As Oregon embarks on a voter-approved initiative to permit psychoactive mushrooms in clinical use, a new systematic evidence review reveals a lack of scientific research describing the interactions between widely used psychiatric medications and psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA. |
| The colored skeletons of Çatalhöyük, Turkey, from 9,000 years ago Posted: 18 Mar 2022 08:02 AM PDT An international team provides new insights about how the inhabitants of the 'oldest city in the world' in Çatalhöyük (Turkey) buried their dead. Their bones were partially painted, excavated several times and reburied. The findings provide insight into the burial rituals of a fascinating society that lived 9000 years ago. |
| New, possibly arboreal rice rat species discovered in Ecuador Posted: 18 Mar 2022 08:02 AM PDT Three expeditions led an international research to the Cordillera de Kutukú, an isolated mountain range in Ecuador, to find just one specimen of the previously unknown species. The find in the Amazonian side of the Andes underlines the valuable biological role of this mountainous region. |
| Marijuana for medical use may result in rapid onset of cannabis use disorder Posted: 18 Mar 2022 08:02 AM PDT A new study shows that using cannabis products to treat pain, anxiety and depression failed to improve these symptoms while doubling the risk of developing the addictive symptoms of cannabis use disorder. People seeking cannabis to treat symptoms of anxiety and depression were at greatest risk of CUD. Contrary to evidence-based medicine, people with medical marijuana cards choose their own products and dosing, suggesting the need for better controls over dispensing, use, and professional follow-up of these patients. |
| Wildfires devastate the land they burn, and they are also warming the planet Posted: 18 Mar 2022 08:02 AM PDT The 2021 wildfire season broke records globally, leaving land charred from California to Siberia. The risk of fire is growing, and a recent report warned that wildfires are on track to increase 50% by 2050. These fires destroy homes, plant life, and animals as they burn, but the risk doesn't stop there. Researchers detail how the brown carbon released by burning biomass in the northern hemisphere is accelerating warming in the Arctic and warn that this could lead to even more wildfires in the future. |
| Turning any camera into a polarization camera Posted: 18 Mar 2022 07:49 AM PDT Researchers have developed a metasurface attachment that can turn just about any camera or imaging system, even off-the-shelf systems, into polarization cameras. The attachment uses a metasurface of subwavelength nanopillars to direct light based on its polarization and compiles an image that captures polarization at every pixel. |
| Early English lessons have lasting effects Posted: 18 Mar 2022 07:49 AM PDT An earlier study had raised doubts about the effectiveness of learning English in the first grade. Now, researchers have observed that it improves language performance over an extended period of time. |
| Regrown tropical forests may have short lifespans, says new study Posted: 18 Mar 2022 07:49 AM PDT Preventing the re-clearing of second-growth forests is a major challenge for restoration efforts in tropical regions, according to a new study. The study found that a third of regenerating areas in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest were cut down again, most after just 4 to 8 years of regeneration. |
| A unified theory of electrochemical energy storage: Bridging batteries and supercapacitors Posted: 18 Mar 2022 07:49 AM PDT An international team of researchers suggests that all electrochemical energy storage mechanisms exist on a spectrum between physical and chemical retention of ions. |
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