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ScienceDaily: Latest Science News |
| Citizen divers aid understanding of fish in the Salish sea Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Citizen scientists are increasingly playing crucial roles in understanding fish populations, according to a new study. Over the past 20 years, volunteers have helped monitor more than half of the total fish species known to occur in the Salish Sea. |
| Cells dancing harmonic duets could enable personalized cancer therapies Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT Mechanical engineers are using two electronic 'voices' singing a harmonic duet to control suspended particles and cells in new and valuable ways. Their prototype device can form and rotate a single-layer crystal from a group of particles, create arbitrary shapes with a given number of particles, and move pairs of biological cells together and apart again hundreds of times. These abilities could serve fields like materials science, biophysics, life science and medicine. |
| New research shows certain exercises can help with muscular dystrophy Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT A new study using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in zebrafish found that certain activities may help strengthen muscles affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a severe type of muscular dystrophy that affects young boys. The researchers designed four NMES regimens for zebrafish with a mutation that closely modeled the disease. They then put the fish into an underwater 3D printed 'gym' made up of tunnels and electrodes, and analyzed their skeletal muscles to see how they had changed. |
| New Fermi arcs could provide a new path for electronics Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT Newly discovered Fermi arcs that can be controlled through magnetism could be the future of electronics based on electron spins. During a recent investigation of the rare-earth monopnictide NdBi (neodymium-bismuth), researchers discovered a new type of Fermi arc that appeared at low temperatures when the material became antiferromagnetic, i.e., neighboring spins point in opposite directions. |
| Carbon-coated nickel enables fuel cell free of precious metals Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:45 PM PDT A nitrogen doped carbon-coated nickel anode can catalyze an essential reaction in hydrogen fuel cells at a fraction of the cost of the precious metals currently used, researchers have found. |
| Novel method to identify and treat aggressive early-stage lung cancers Posted: 24 Mar 2022 12:41 PM PDT Researchers have developed a novel method to identify aggressive early-stage lung cancers and target drugs known as aurora kinase inhibitors to tumors that are especially likely to respond to them. The findings could lead to great advances in treatment for lung adenocarcinoma, the most common type of lung cancer. |
| Distant regions of the human brain are wired together by surprisingly few connections Posted: 24 Mar 2022 12:41 PM PDT Understanding how the brain functions, particularly how information is processed during different activities, is difficult without knowing how many axons are in the brain and how many connect different functional regions. A new study shows that despite the functional importance of connections between far-reaching regions of the brain, the actual number of these connections is low. |
| Cheap, eco-friendly catalyst opens new possibilities for organic molecules built from pyruvate Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Chemists have developed an organic catalyst that can drive reactions using pyruvate -- a key biomolecule in many metabolic pathways -- that are difficult and complicated to achieve using conventional industrial techniques. The research is an important step towards simplifying the production process and increasing the range of molecules that can be built from pyruvate, like amino acids or glycolic acids, which are used in drug discovery efforts and medications. |
| One in four women experience domestic violence before age 50, analysis finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Over one in four women (or 27 per cent) experience intimate partner violence before the age of 50, according to a worldwide analysis. The largest of its kind, the analysis covers 366 studies involving more than 2 million women in 161 countries. |
| Study suggests association between consuming artificial sweeteners and increased cancer risk Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Artificial sweeteners reduce added sugar content and corresponding calories while maintaining sweetness. A new study suggests that some artificial sweeteners are associated with increased cancer risk. |
| Can supermarkets coax people into buying healthier food? Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Restricting supermarket placement of less healthy items and increasing the availability of healthier alternatives in these stores may be promising interventions to encourage healthier purchasing behaviors, according to two new studies. |
| Enhancing the electromechanical behavior of a flexible polymer Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Piezoelectric materials convert mechanical stress into electricity, or vice versa, and can be useful in sensors, actuators and many other applications. But implementing piezoelectrics in polymers -- materials composed of molecular chains and commonly used in plastics, drugs and more -- can be difficult. |
| Tuberculosis infection protects mice from developing COVID-19 Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT In mice, the immune response mounted against tuberculosis prevents them from developing COVID-19, according to a new study. |
| Physicists create extremely compressible 'gas of light' Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Researchers have created a gas of light particles that can be extremely compressed. Their results confirm the predictions of central theories of quantum physics. The findings could also point the way to new types of sensors that can measure minute forces. |
| Mechanism that underlies local dopamine release in the brain Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT When we initiate an action in our everyday lives—chasing after a runaway napkin or getting out of the car—the brain releases a chemical messenger called dopamine that helps regulate the brain area that controls this action. |
| Light derails electrons through graphene Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Researchers have experimentally caused electrons to bend in bilayer graphene with the use of light. The way electrons flow in materials determine its electronic properties. For example, when a voltage is sustained across a conducting material, electrons start flowing, generating an electrical current. These electrons are often thought to flow in straight paths, moving along the electric field, much like a ball rolling down a hill. Yet these are not the only trajectories electrons can take: when a magnetic field is applied, the electrons no longer travel in straight paths along the electric field, but in fact, they bend. The bent electronic flows lead to transverse signals called 'Hall' responses. |
| Physicists 'shine' light on inner details and breakup of simple nucleus Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Scientists have found a new way to 'see' inside the simplest atomic nuclei to better understand the 'glue' that holds the building blocks of matter together. The results come from collisions of photons (particles of light) with deuterons, the simplest atomic nuclei (made of just one proton bound to one neutron). The photons act somewhat like an x-ray beam to provide the first glimpse of how particles called gluons are arranged within the deuteron. |
| Tuberculosis induces premature cellular aging Posted: 24 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT Researchers found that the cells of humans and animals who have recovered from tuberculosis had prematurely aged up to 12 to 14 years. It's possible that this premature cellular aging is one reason why survivors of tuberculosis have a high risk of mortality. |
| Blow flies can be used detect use of chemical weapons, other pollutants Posted: 24 Mar 2022 10:02 AM PDT A study suggests blow flies could be used to detect the use of chemical weapons -- as well as other dangerous substances -- in areas too dangerous or remote for human investigators. |
| Researchers develop new antibody test to diagnose MS Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have validated a new antibody test to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS), a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Resourceful viral protein combats monkey and human defenses differently Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have found that different parts of viral protein U expressed by simian immunodeficiency virus are required to bind to and block tetherin, an antiviral protein, in monkey cells versus in human cells. This suggests that the virus uses two different mechanistic strategies to evade this host defense and sheds new light on host-pathogen coevolution. |
| In animal study, implant churns out CAR-T cells to combat cancer Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have developed an implantable biotechnology that produces and releases CAR-T cells for attacking cancerous tumors. In a proof-of-concept study involving lymphoma in mice, the researchers found that treatment with the implants was faster and more effective than conventional CAR-T cell cancer treatment. |
| Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT An international research team has put together the first gelada reference genome, assembled from a single wild adult female gelada from the Simien Mountains, Ethiopia. They combined it with a detailed study of data collected from wild geladas to identify any adaptations to their high-altitude environment. |
| Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT The further we move away from a heat source, the cooler the air gets. Bizarrely, the same can't be said for the surface of the Sun, but scientists may have just explained a key part of why. |
| Artificial neurons go quantum with photonic circuits Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT In recent years, artificial intelligence has become ubiquitous, with applications such as speech interpretation, image recognition, medical diagnosis, and many more. At the same time, quantum technology has been proven capable of computational power well beyond the reach of even the world's largest supercomputer. Physicists have now demonstrated a new device, called quantum memristor, which may allow to combine these two worlds, thus unlocking unprecedented capabilities. The experiment has been realized on an integrated quantum processor operating on single photons. |
| Fans of ASMR videos are more sensitive to their surroundings, study finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Fans of ASMR videos are more sensitive to their surroundings and feelings, a new study has revealed. ASMR, which stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response, has swept the internet with millions watching viral clips of whispered voices, delicate hand movements or tapping. |
| Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can be remarkably effective in treating leukemias and lymphomas, but there are no successful immunotherapies for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) yet. Researchers have now discovered that CAR-T cells directed to a tumor antigen, CDH17, a cell surface marker expressed on both NETs and GICs but also found on healthy tissues, eliminated GICs in several preclinical models without toxicity to normal tissues in multiple mouse organs, including the small intestine and colon. |
| Pivotal battery discovery could impact transportation and the grid Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered a new avenue for overcoming the performance decline that occurs with repeated cycling in the cathodes of next-generation batteries. This discovery could find applications in batteries for transportation and the electric grid. |
| Study connects shorter course of antibiotics to fewer antibiotic resistance genes Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT A study explains how to to find an optimal dosage that reduces the use of antibiotics without compromising the health of patients. |
| Popular male dolphins produce more offspring Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT The reproductive success of male dolphins is not determined by strength or age, but via social bonds with other males. The better integrated males are in their social network, the more offspring they produce, a new study has shown using long-term behavioral and genetic data. |
| No increase in pregnancy complications after COVID-19 vaccination, study finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy is not associated with a higher risk of pregnancy complications, according to a large-scale registry study. |
| A simple diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal disorders Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:18 AM PDT Researchers have designed a new device that could offer a cheaper and easier-to-manufacture alternative to existing diagnostics for GI dysmotility, inspired by the ancient Incan technology of quipu, which involves using knotted cords to communicate information. |
| Membraneless organelles: From liquid to solid to drive development Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT Researchers show that transition from liquid to solid is important for the function of membraneless organelles. |
| Photonic technology enables real-time calculation of radio signal correlation Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new analog photonic correlator that can be used to locate an object transmitting a radio signal. They demonstrated its ability to identify the location of a radio frequency transmitter, working faster than other methods. The device is considerably simpler than today's analog or digital correlators and uses off-the-shelf telecommunications components to process a wide range of radio frequency signals in cell phones, signal jammers, and more. |
| Immune to hacks: Inoculating deep neural networks to thwart attacks Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT If a sticker on a banana can make it show up as a toaster, how might strategic vandalism warp how an autonomous vehicle perceives a stop sign? Now, an immune-inspired defense system for neural networks can ward off such attacks, designed by engineers, biologists and mathematicians. |
| Clock gene mutation found to contribute to the development of autism Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT Researchers found that the disruption of a circadian clock gene may be involved in the development of autism spectrum disorder. |
| Decoding a material’s ‘memory’ Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT New research details the relationship between particle structure and flow in disordered materials, insights that can be used to understand systems ranging from mudslides to biofilms. |
| Indian forest loss 'worse than feared' due to climate change Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT A national-scale study of the relationship between forest loss and rainfall and temperature trends in India reveals climate change may have contributed to huge declines during last two decades, countering official reports that suggest small losses, and adding to existing concerns over deforestation. |
| Road traffic in European cities exposes 60 million people to noise levels harmful to health Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT A study assessed the levels of noise generated by road traffic and examined its impact on health in 749 European cities. The findings show that nearly 60 million adults are subjected to unhealthy levels of vehicle-generated noise. Compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) noise-level guidelines could prevent 3,600 deaths annually from ischemic heart disease alone. |
| Student researchers improve coral restoration efforts Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:45 AM PDT A recent study revealed that exposing rice coral larvae to warmer temperatures did not improve survival once the coral developed into juveniles and were exposed to heat stress. |
| Understanding complex faults: Rupture propagation during the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Researchers have identified irregular rupture propagation during the 2010 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake in Mexico by incorporating teleseismic P waveform inversion with traditional modeling, allowing resolution of the rupture process and its relation to the complex fault system while mitigating modeling errors. Reducing errors made because of inaccurate assumptions about fault geometry is critical for robust interpretation of complex slip histories. |
| Breaking down plastic into its constituent parts Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT A team of ETH researchers led by Athina Anastasaki have succeeded in breaking down plastic into its molecular building blocks and in recovering over 90 percent of them. A first step towards genuine plastic recycling. |
| Artificial intelligence to bring museum specimens to the masses Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Scientists are using cutting-edge artificial intelligence to help extract complex information from large collections of museum specimens. |
| Eliminating the bottlenecks for use of lithium-sulfur batteries Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Energy storage in lithium-sulfur batteries is potentially higher than in lithium-ion batteries but they are hampered by a short life. Researchers have now identified the main bottlenecks in performance. |
| Limiting energy in neurons exacerbates epilepsy Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by the spontaneous repetition of seizures caused by the hyperactivity of a group of neurons in the brain. Could we therefore reduce neuronal hyperactivity, and treat epilepsy, by reducing the amount of energy supplied to neurons and necessary for their proper functioning? Researchers discovered that, in mice, the seizures were actually exacerbated. |
| Intense light protects against lung damage, research finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Intense light activates proteins shown to protect against lung damage in mice, a discovery that could have major therapeutic implications for treating diseases like acute lung injury in humans, according to a new study. |
| Remote Indian Ocean reefs bounce back quickly after bleaching Posted: 24 Mar 2022 07:44 AM PDT Coral reefs in remote or protected areas can recover quickly after mass coral bleaching events, new research shows. |
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