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| Posted: 19 May 2022 11:10 AM PDT Scientists have explored the importance of sea travel in prehistory by examining the genomes of ancient Maltese humans and comparing these with the genomes of this period from across Europe. Previous findings from the archaeological team had suggested that towards the end of the third millennium BC the use of the Maltese temples declined. Now, using genetic data from ancient Maltese individuals the current interdisciplinary research team has suggested a potential contributing cause. Researchers found that these ancient humans lacked some of the signatures of genetic changes that swept across Europe in this period, because of their island separation. Scientists concluded that physical topography, in particular seascapes played a central role as barriers to genetic exchange. |
| Some people fared better than others during COVID-19 pandemic due to genetics Posted: 19 May 2022 11:10 AM PDT Everyone has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, but a new study finds that some individuals weathered the stress of the pandemic better than others, in part, due to their genetics. |
| Repurposed antibiotic may be an effective therapeutic in COVID-19 infected mice Posted: 19 May 2022 11:10 AM PDT Repurposed drugs may have a speedier path to clinical use because they have already been shown to be safe in people. A new study suggests clofoctol may be an effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infections in mice. |
| Past events reveal how future warming could harm cold-water corals Posted: 19 May 2022 11:10 AM PDT How will future warming of the planet impact cold-water corals? A new analysis of ancient evidence from the last major global warming event identifies food and oxygen supply as key environmental factors that influence the vitality of cold-water corals in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. |
| Genetic risk scores help predict type 2 diabetes in people of south Asian origin, study finds Posted: 19 May 2022 11:10 AM PDT A polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes could be used to help predict disease risk and stratify distinct disease subtypes to better allocate healthcare resources. |
| Human behavior is key to building a better long-term COVID forecast Posted: 19 May 2022 11:09 AM PDT From extreme weather to another wave of COVID-19, forecasts give decision-makers valuable time to prepare. When it comes to COVID, though, long-term forecasting is a challenge, because it involves human behavior. |
| Environment scientists close in on 'golden spike' to define Anthropocene Posted: 19 May 2022 11:09 AM PDT Researchers searching for a 'golden spike' to formally define humanity's current geological period -- and acknowledge human impact on our planet -- have announced a major step in their analysis. |
| Ghostly 'mirror world' might be cause of cosmic controversy Posted: 19 May 2022 10:27 AM PDT New research suggests an unseen 'mirror world' of particles that interacts with our world only via gravity that might be the key to solving a major puzzle in cosmology today -- the Hubble constant problem. The Hubble constant is the rate of expansion of the universe today. Predictions for this rate are significantly slower than the rate found by our most precise local measurements. This discrepancy is one that many cosmologists have been trying to solve by changing our current cosmological model. |
| Posted: 19 May 2022 10:27 AM PDT Researchers analyzed genomic data from global populations, including thousands of ethnically diverse Africans, to identify genetic variants that may be associated with clinical COVID-19 outcomes. |
| Researchers find another layer to the code of life Posted: 19 May 2022 09:57 AM PDT A new examination of the way different tissues read information from genes has discovered that the brain and testes appear to be extraordinarily open to the use of rare codons to produce a given protein. Testes of both fruit flies and humans seem to be enriched in protein products of these rarely-used pieces of genetic code, suggesting another layer of control in the genome. |
| Research confirms eastern Wyoming Paleoindian site as Americas' oldest mine Posted: 19 May 2022 09:57 AM PDT The Powars II site at Sunrise in Wyoming's Platte County the oldest documented red ocher mine -- and likely the oldest known mine of any sort -- in all of North and South America. |
| Making sure workers have a 'good' day gives companies a competitive advantage Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT Researchers have identified five types of daily workplace experiences that influence employees' creative performance. |
| Music alleviates collective grief Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT In February 2020, a group of musicians from around the world living in China recorded their cover of a song by Michael Jackson on video to express their support to the families affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and to those working in the frontline. The video went viral. Now, a new study analyzes why the video and song had such a profound effect. |
| Diet plays key role in ADHD symptoms in children Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT Here's another good reason for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to eat their fruits and vegetables: It may help reduce inattention issues, a new study suggests. |
| Gout medicine improves survival for heart failure patients, study finds Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT A common gout medication, colchicine, significantly improved survival rates for patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure, a new study found. The researchers believe colchicine could also reduce the risk for heart attack and stroke in patients with a buildup of cholesterol in their arteries. |
| how one of the X chromosomes in female embryonic stem cells is silenced Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT In most mammals, females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome in each of their cells. To avoid a double dose of X-linked genes in females, one of the Xs is silenced early in the developmental process. This silencing is critical, yet how it happens has been relatively mysterious. Two new studies reveal more about this silencing process and insights that could improve stem cell research. |
| Low-cost battery-like device absorbs CO2 emissions while it charges Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT Researchers have developed a low-cost device that can selectively capture carbon dioxide gas while it charges. Then, when it discharges, the CO2 can be released in a controlled way and collected to be reused or disposed of responsibly. |
| New thermal management technology for electronic devices reduces bulk while improving cooling Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT Electronic devices generate heat, and that heat must be dissipated. The high temperatures can compromise device function or even damage the devices and surroundings if it isn't. Now, a team has detailed a new cooling method that offers a host of benefits, not the least of which is space efficiency which offers a substantial increase over conventional approaches in devices' power per unit volume. |
| Watch dolphins line up to self-medicate skin ailments at coral 'clinics' Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT If a human comes down with a rash, they might go to the doctor and come away with some ointment to put on it. Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins get skin conditions, too, but they come about their medication by queuing up nose-to-tail to rub themselves against corals. Researchers now show that these corals have medicinal properties, suggesting that the dolphins are using the marine invertebrates to medicate skin conditions. |
| Spin keeps electrons in line in iron-based superconductor Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT Electronic nematicity, believed to be an important ingredient in high-temperature superconductivity, is primarily spin-driven in the iron-based superconductor FeSe, reveals a new study. |
| Major uptick reported in cannabis vaping for all adolescents Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT Cannabis vaping is increasing as the most popular method of cannabis delivery among all adolescents in the U.S., as is the frequency of cannabis vaping, according to researchers. |
| Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT New research has shown that molecular profiling of the diseased joint tissue can significantly impact whether specific drug treatments will work to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The researchers also identified specific genes associated with resistance to most available drugs therapies, commonly referred to as refractory disease, which could provide the key to developing new, successful drugs to help these people. |
| Physician mistreatment emerges as crisis that can ripple through U.S. health care Posted: 19 May 2022 08:53 AM PDT In a recent survey of more than 6,500 physicians from across the United States representing a broad spectrum of racial and ethnic diversity, nearly 30% of respondents reported experiencing discrimination and mistreatment from patients or patients' family members or visitors. |
| Broadening the scope of epoxide ring opening reactions with zirconocene Posted: 19 May 2022 07:38 AM PDT Epoxide, a cyclic ether, can be used to obtain important alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional polymers. This transformation is facilitated by the reductive ring opening of epoxide. Traditionally, the reaction has been catalyzed using titanocene. However, in this case, the products are predominantly obtained via more stable radicals. Now, chemists turn the tables and broaden the scope of this reaction using zirconocene as a novel catalyst under visible light irradiation. |
| Ions and Rydberg-atoms: A bond between David and Goliath Posted: 19 May 2022 07:38 AM PDT Researchers have verified a novel binding mechanism forming a molecule between a tiny charged particle and in atomic measures gigantic Rydberg atom. The scientists could observe spatially resolved the molecule with the help of a self-build ion microscope. |
| How ice clouds develop: Asian monsoon influences large parts of the Northern Hemisphere Posted: 19 May 2022 07:38 AM PDT Atmospheric researchers have discovered a mechanism that allows nuclei for ice clouds to form and rapidly grow in the upper troposphere. Although the conditions for nucleus formation are only fulfilled in the Asian monsoon region, the mechanism is expected to have an impact on ice cloud formation across large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. |
| Cooperation rewards water utilities Posted: 19 May 2022 07:38 AM PDT Inter-utility water agreements can help mitigate risks, in research that used supercomputer simulations of water supply in the North Carolina Research Triangle. Findings are generalizable to any place where water providers face financial and supply challenges in allocating regional water. |
| Islet transplant: Changing lives for people with diabetes Posted: 19 May 2022 07:38 AM PDT Medical researchers report long-term results showing the islet transplant treatment is safe and reliable for helping people with hard-to-control diabetes stabilize their blood sugar. |
| Everyone eats three extra cheeseburgers a day than they admit, study shows Posted: 19 May 2022 07:38 AM PDT Everyone eats the equivalent of three extra cheeseburgers a day than they admit -- regardless of their waistline, researchers have revealed. The study shows obese and thin people all fib about food to the same amount regardless of the number on the bathroom scale and this could be undermining national health advice. |
| Unlocking the secrets of killer whale diets and their role in climate change Posted: 19 May 2022 07:38 AM PDT Researchers have discovered new clues to understand how killer whales impact their environment. |
| Why baby leatherback marine turtles can't 'see the sea' Posted: 19 May 2022 07:38 AM PDT For most sea turtles, the journey to find the ocean from their nests is pretty straightforward. However, leatherback hatchlings more often crawl around in circles trying to find the ocean. Circling delays their entry into the ocean, wastes energy, and places them at greater danger from natural predators. Under different moon phases: bright light during full moon and only starlight under new moon, researchers have a better understanding of why this circling behavior happens and why it is most commonly observed in leatherbacks. |
| Using light and sound to reveal rapid brain activity in unprecedented detail Posted: 19 May 2022 05:54 AM PDT Biomedical engineers at Duke University have developed a method to scan and image the blood flow and oxygen levels inside a mouse brain in real-time with enough resolution to view the activity of both individual vessels and the entire brain at once. This new imaging approach breaks long-standing speed and resolution barriers in brain imaging technologies and could uncover new insights into neurovascular diseases like stroke, dementia and even acute brain injury. |
| Scientists develop 'off the shelf' engineered stem cells to treat aggressive brain cancer Posted: 19 May 2022 05:54 AM PDT Investigators have devised a novel therapeutic method for treating glioblastomas post-surgery by using stem cells taken from healthy donors engineered to attack GBM-specific tumor cells. This strategy demonstrated profound efficacy in preclinical models of GBM, with 100 percent of mice living over 90 days after treatment. |
| Standard test for multiple myeloma provides clues of a rare, more deadly type Posted: 19 May 2022 05:11 AM PDT A test for the common blood cancer multiple myeloma also holds clear clues that the patient has one of the most uncommon and deadly forms of this cancer, investigators say. |
| How cranberries could improve memory and ward off dementia Posted: 19 May 2022 05:11 AM PDT Researchers have found that eating cranberries could improve memory, ward off dementia, and reduce 'bad' cholesterol. The research team studied the benefits of consuming the equivalent of a cup of cranberries a day among 50 to 80-year-olds. They hope that their findings could have implications for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. |
| Are people swapping their cats and goldfish for praying mantises? Posted: 19 May 2022 05:11 AM PDT Praying mantises have gained recent popularity as pets, sold at animal fairs and pet markets, but also collected in the wild by a fast-growing community of hobbyists and professional marketers. An overview of this market's dynamics reports on both problems and opportunities of the pet mantis market, like the absence of regulations, but also the potential of a stronger collaboration between hobbyists and scientists for biodiversity conservation. |
| Satellite monitoring of biodiversity moves within reach Posted: 19 May 2022 05:11 AM PDT Global biodiversity assessments require the collection of data on changes in plant biodiversity on an ongoing basis. Researchers have now shown that plant communities can be reliably monitored using imaging spectroscopy, which in the future will be possible via satellite. This paves the way for near real-time global biodiversity monitoring. |
| Puzzling features deep in Earth's interior illuminated Posted: 19 May 2022 05:11 AM PDT New research examines an unusual pocket of rock at the boundary layer with Earth's core, some three thousand kilometers beneath the surface. |
| New strategies to save rice, the world's most indispensable grain Posted: 19 May 2022 05:10 AM PDT Plants — they’re just like us, with unique techniques for handling stress. To save one of the most important crops on Earth from extreme climate swings, scientists are mapping out plants’ own stress-busting strategies. Biologists have learned what happens to the roots of rice plants when they're confronted with two types of stressful scenarios: too much water, or too little. These observations form the basis of new protective strategies. |
| Scientist uncovers clues to aging in mitochondria Posted: 18 May 2022 04:42 PM PDT Many age-related diseases share a common feature: the mitochondria of cells begin to malfunction. While the cause is not known, scientists have discovered a new mechanism of how mitochondria start to go wrong, which opens new doors for researchers to explore how to begin to fix the problem. |
| Study reveals imaging approach with potential to detect lung cancer earlier, at the cellular level Posted: 18 May 2022 02:15 PM PDT Researchers have found a way to identify lung cancer at the cellular level in real time during a biopsy, offering promise in the ability to detect the disease earlier and with more confidence. |
| Industry lobbying on WHO overshadowing public health policy, researchers suggest Posted: 18 May 2022 02:15 PM PDT A new article looks at how producers of such products as commercial milk formulas, processed foods, alcoholic beverages, pharmaceuticals and electronic gaming software have been ramping up efforts to influence United States policy toward the WHO. |
| Posted: 18 May 2022 02:15 PM PDT Abnormal tumor blood vessels promote cancer progression and treatment resistance. Researchers have developed two approaches to repair tumor blood vessels and they have devised a method to measure the effects of these approaches. Combining the approaches may be an effective strategy for fixing blood vessel abnormalities that make tumors difficult to treat. |
| COVID booster needed for broad protection against omicron variants Posted: 18 May 2022 02:14 PM PDT A COVID-19 booster shot will provide strong and broad antibody protection against the range of omicron sublineage variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in circulation, two new studies using serum from human blood samples suggest. |
| Brain capital: A new investment approach for late-life well-being Posted: 18 May 2022 01:06 PM PDT Within many societies and cultures around the world, older adults are too often undervalued and underappreciated, according to a new article. This exacerbates many key challenges that older adults may face. It also undermines the many positive aspects of late life that are of value at both an individual and societal level. In the article, 'Investing in Late-Life Brain Capital,' a global team of experts propose a new approach to elevate health and well-being by optimizing late-life brain capital. |
| Sparking sustainable new chemical catalysts Posted: 18 May 2022 01:06 PM PDT New research could lead to the creation of new, sustainable catalysts based on tungsten oxide and similar compounds. The project used computational simulations to understand how tungsten oxide interacts with hydrogen at the molecular level and the findings were verified through lab experimentation. |
| Researchers magnify hidden biological structures with MAGNIFIERS Posted: 18 May 2022 01:06 PM PDT A research team has combined two emerging imaging technologies to better view a wide range of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids and DNA, at the nanoscale. Their technique brings together expansion microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. |
| Accelerating the pace of machine learning Posted: 18 May 2022 01:06 PM PDT Machine learning happens a lot like erosion. Data is hurled at a mathematical model like grains of sand skittering across a rocky landscape. Some of those grains simply sail along with little or no impact. But some of them make their mark: testing, hardening, and ultimately reshaping the landscape according to inherent patterns and fluctuations that emerge over time. Effective? Yes. Efficient? Not so much. Researchers are now seeking to bring efficiency to distributed learning techniques emerging as crucial to modern artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). In essence, the goal is to hurl far fewer grains of data without degrading the overall impact. |
| Women who embraced their partner subsequently had lower stress-induced cortisol response Posted: 18 May 2022 11:07 AM PDT Women instructed to embrace their romantic partner prior to undergoing a stressful experience had a lower biological stress response -- as indicated by levels of the stress hormone cortisol in saliva -- compared to women who did not embrace their partner. This effect was not seen for men. |
| Childhood circumstances and personality traits are associated with loneliness in older age Posted: 18 May 2022 11:07 AM PDT Life circumstances during childhood -- including having fewer friends and siblings, low-quality relationships with parents, bad health and growing up in a poorer household -- are all correlated with a higher rate of loneliness in older age, according to a new study. |
| COVID long-haulers: Study shows who is most at risk, impact on local communities Posted: 18 May 2022 10:07 AM PDT Researchers looking at COVID-19's lingering impacts on survivors and local communities found that having a mild case of COVID-19, smoking status, comorbidities, or your sex aren't significant predictors to tell if you are less likely to develop long-term symptoms, but age is. |
| Four-year college students drink more, use marijuana less than community college peers, study finds Posted: 18 May 2022 10:07 AM PDT Students at four-year colleges and universities drink nearly twice as much alcohol as their peers in two-year colleges, according to a survey of college students in the Seattle area. On the other hand, students in community colleges and other two-year institutions use marijuana nearly twice as often as four-year students. |
| How three mutations work together to spur new SARS-CoV-2 variants Posted: 18 May 2022 10:07 AM PDT Like storm waves battering a ship, new versions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have buffeted the world one after another. Recently, scientists keeping tabs on these variants noticed a trend: Many carry the same set of three mutations. In a new study, researchers examined how these mutations change the way a key piece of the virus functions. Their experiments show how this triad alters traits it needs to cause and sustain COVID-19 infection. |
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