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| Decline of diatoms due to ocean acidification Posted: 25 May 2022 03:26 PM PDT Diatoms are the most important producers of plant biomass in the ocean and help to transport carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere into the deep ocean and thus regulate our climate. Because diatoms rely on silica rather than calcium carbonate to build their shells, they were previously thought to benefit from ocean acidification -- a chemical change in seawater triggered by the increasing uptake of CO2 that makes calcification more difficult. Scientists now show that diatoms, which are a type of plankton, are also affected. Analyses of data from field experiments and model simulations suggest that ocean acidification could drastically reduce diatom populations. |
| Researchers identify biomarker panel that could help predict gestational diabetes in early pregnancy Posted: 25 May 2022 03:26 PM PDT Researchers have taken the initial step in identifying what may be an effective way to detect gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) earlier in pregnancy, potentially improving diagnosis and treatment for what is the most common disorder of pregnancy. |
| Seven healthy habits linked to lower risk of dementia in those with genetic risk Posted: 25 May 2022 01:38 PM PDT Seven healthy habits and lifestyle factors may play a role in lowering the risk of dementia in people with the highest genetic risk, according to new research. |
| Researchers use CRISPR technology to modify starches in potatoes Posted: 25 May 2022 01:37 PM PDT Humble potatoes are a rich source not only of dietary carbohydrates for humans, but also of starches for numerous industrial applications. Scientists are learning how to alter the ratio of potatoes' two starch molecules -- amylose and amylopectin -- to increase both culinary and industrial applications. |
| Missing link between Alzheimer's and vascular disease found? Posted: 25 May 2022 01:37 PM PDT A gene called FMNL2 may explain why people with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, or obesity have a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. |
| Common prostate cancer medications may be less safe than previously thought Posted: 25 May 2022 12:17 PM PDT Men taking either of the two most common oral medications for advanced prostate cancer who had also undergone hormone therapy to treat their disease were at higher risk of serious metabolic or cardiovascular issues than patients who were only receiving hormone therapy, researchers found. |
| Bat brains organized for echolocation and flight Posted: 25 May 2022 12:17 PM PDT A new study shows how the brains of Egyptian fruit bats are highly specialized for echolocation and flight, with motor areas of the cerebral cortex that are dedicated to sonar production and wing control. |
| Tiny robotic crab is smallest-ever remote-controlled walking robot Posted: 25 May 2022 12:17 PM PDT Engineers have developed the smallest-ever remote-controlled walking robot -- and it comes in the form of a tiny, adorable peekytoe crab. Just a half-millimeter wide, the tiny crabs can bend, twist, crawl, walk, turn and even jump. Although the research is exploratory at this point, the researchers believe their technology might bring the field closer to realizing micro-sized robots that can perform practical tasks inside tightly confined spaces. |
| Scientists identify how the brain links memories Posted: 25 May 2022 08:09 AM PDT Our brains lose the ability to link related memories as we age. Scientists genetically restored this brain function in middle-aged mice and identified an FDA-approved drug that achieves the same thing. The study suggests a new approach for combating middle-aged memory loss and a possible early intervention for dementia. |
| Climate change reveals unique artifacts in melting ice patches Posted: 25 May 2022 08:09 AM PDT Norwegian mountains are full of time capsules. Thousands of years of human and ecological history are preserved in remnant patches of ice. Now this treasure trove of information threatens to melt away, unless we take action. |
| Chemists' HAT trick for greener chemical synthesis Posted: 25 May 2022 08:08 AM PDT A technique used in chemical synthesis is called hydrogen atom transfer, or HAT. It's a potentially powerful and versatile chemical tool, but technical constraints have limited its use. Now chemists have borrowed a technique from the chemistry of energy storage to accomplish HAT with fewer chemicals and less cost. |
| Secrets of tree hyraxes in Kenya uncovered with new research techniques Posted: 25 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT In addition to audio recordings and laser scanning, a thermal imaging camera has been adopted for use in research focused on threatened mammals that hide from poachers in Kenya's Taita Hills. |
| New research on tidal flats is 'wake up call' for US coastal communities Posted: 25 May 2022 07:29 AM PDT About 41 million people in live in U.S. Atlantic coastline counties. There isn't an effective way to identify the impact of urban growth on tidal flats -- the guardians of beachfront communities. Researchers have developed a new way to quantify these impacts from a geographic lens focused on place and space using data over three decades. Analyzing the annual dynamics of three highly urbanized coastal counties in the southeastern U.S., results show that tidal flats in these three counties urgently need a sustainable plan of management in response to the rapid expansion of urban areas. Importantly, their new technique can be revised and applied to the entire U.S. as research now is limited to individual cities. |
| Nearly 108,000 overdose deaths in US in 2021 Posted: 25 May 2022 05:05 AM PDT A grim prediction made half a decade ago by epidemiologists and modelers has come true: More than 100,000 people are now dying from drug overdoses annually in the U.S. |
| Researchers shed light on genetic mechanisms of Wilms tumor Posted: 24 May 2022 09:48 AM PDT New research provides insights into some of the genetic characteristics resulting in the development of relapse in patients with Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), the most common type of pediatric cancer of the kidney. The study identified mutations in key genes, including two that had not been previously recognized in Wilms tumor, which offers promise for improving ways to better identify patients who are at risk of relapse and tailoring therapies for these patients. |
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