ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| Machine learning technique reconstructs images passing through a multimode fiber Posted: 09 Aug 2018 02:51 PM PDT Through innovative use of a neural network that mimics image processing by the human brain, a research team reports accurate reconstruction of images transmitted over optical fibers for distances of up to a kilometer. |
| For UW physicists, the 2-D form of tungsten ditelluride is full of surprises Posted: 09 Aug 2018 02:50 PM PDT Researchers report that the 2-D form of tungsten ditelluride can undergo 'ferroelectric switching.' Materials with ferroelectric properties can have applications in memory storage, capacitors, RFID card technologies and even medical sensors -- and tungsten ditelluride is the first exfoliated 2-D material known to undergo ferroelectric switching. |
| How to protect yeast from damage in biofuel production Posted: 09 Aug 2018 02:50 PM PDT Some chemicals used to speed up the breakdown of plants for production of biofuels like ethanol are poison to the yeasts that turn the plant sugars into fuel. Researchers have identified two changes to a single gene that can make the yeast tolerate the pretreatment chemicals. |
| Scientists solve open theoretical problem on electron interactions Posted: 09 Aug 2018 11:11 AM PDT A new discovery explains what happens during the phase transition in Dirac materials, paving the way for engineering advanced electronics that perform significantly faster. |
| Spinning heat shield for future spacecraft Posted: 09 Aug 2018 08:25 AM PDT A newly developed prototype flexible heat shield for spacecraft could reduce the cost of space travel and even aid future space missions to Mars. |
| How ions gather water molecules around them Posted: 09 Aug 2018 08:25 AM PDT Charged particles in aqueous solutions are always surrounded by a shell of water molecules. However, much is still unknown about the nature of this so-called hydration shell. Using terahertz spectroscopy, chemists have gained new insights into how an ion affects the water molecules in its environment. |
| Scientists design material that can store energy like an eagle's grip Posted: 09 Aug 2018 08:24 AM PDT What do a flea and an eagle have in common? They can store energy in their feet without having to continuously contract their muscles to then jump high or hold on to prey. Now scientists have created materials that can store energy this way, be squeezed repeatedly without damage, and even change shape if necessary. |
| Mini antimatter accelerator could rival the likes of the Large Hadron Collider Posted: 09 Aug 2018 08:24 AM PDT Researchers have found a way to accelerate antimatter in a thousand-times smaller space than current accelerators, boosting the science of exotic particles. |
| Quantum chains in graphene nanoribbons Posted: 09 Aug 2018 08:24 AM PDT Researchers have achieved a breakthrough that could in future be used for precise nanotransistors or -- in the distant future -- possibly even quantum computers, as the team reports. |
| New 3D-printed device could help treat spinal cord injuries Posted: 09 Aug 2018 06:34 AM PDT Engineers and medical researchers have teamed up to create a groundbreaking 3D-printed device that could someday help patients with long-term spinal cord injuries regain some function. |
| Hybrid catalyst with high enantiomer selectivity Posted: 09 Aug 2018 06:34 AM PDT Researchers have developed a technology to create a hybrid catalyst from simple-structured, commercially available rhodium and organic catalysts, which reduces chemical waste and produces molecules with high selectivity of an enantiomer, a pair of molecular structures that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other. This technology is expected to assist in rapid and low-cost drug synthesis. |
| Laser ranging can 'see' 3D objects melting in fires Posted: 08 Aug 2018 12:33 PM PDT Researchers have used a laser detection and ranging (LADAR) system to image three-dimensional (3D) objects melting in flames. The method could offer a precise, safe and compact way to measure structures as they collapse in fires. |
| Scientists squeeze nanocrystals in a liquid droplet into a solid-like state and back again Posted: 08 Aug 2018 12:33 PM PDT A team led by scientists found a way to make a liquid-like state behave more like a solid, and then to reverse the process. |
| Posted: 08 Aug 2018 10:43 AM PDT When jewelers create a necklace, they control the order and number of each bead or jewel they use to form a desired pattern. It's been challenging for scientists to do the same thing when designing polymers -- until now. Researchers report a new method using light and chemical reactions to control how subunits come together to form polymers with precise properties. |
| Proof-of-concept technique makes nanoparticles attractive for new medications Posted: 08 Aug 2018 10:43 AM PDT Researchers have developed a proof-of-concept technology using nanoparticles that could offer a new approach for oral medications. |
| Blocking sunlight to cool Earth won't reduce crop damage from global warming Posted: 08 Aug 2018 10:43 AM PDT Proposals to inject sulfate aerosols into the upper atmosphere to block and scatter sunlight and reduce global temperatures could, some say, also increase crop yields because of reduced heat stress on plants. A new study shows that other effects counterbalance the positive effects of reduced heat stress. Specifically, blocking sunlight reduces photosynthesis, which offsets any improvement from slightly cooler temperatures. The team based their analysis on the effects from two previous volcanic eruptions. |
| Tying down electrons with nanoribbons Posted: 08 Aug 2018 10:42 AM PDT Nanoribbons are promising topological materials displaying novel electronic properties. Chemists and physicists have found a way to join two different types of nanoribbon to create a topological insulator that confines single electrons to the junction between them. Alternating nanoribbon types create a chain of interacting electrons that act as metals, insulators or interacting spins -- qubits for a quantum computer -- depending on separation. This opens the door to designer materials with unique quantum properties. |
| Fat-blocking effect of nanofibers discovered Posted: 08 Aug 2018 10:42 AM PDT Tiny balls of nano-sized cellulose fibers added to food reduced fat absorption by up to half in laboratory and animal experiments, scientists report. |
| Taming defects in nanoporous materials to put them to a good use Posted: 08 Aug 2018 10:42 AM PDT Modification of defective nanoporous materials has unique effects on their properties. Scientists are seeking to master this method to make new materials to capture CO2. |
| Scientists create biodegradable, paper-based biobatteries Posted: 08 Aug 2018 10:41 AM PDT The batteries of the future may be made out of paper. Researchers have created a biodegradable, paper-based battery that is more efficient than previously possible. |
| Expedition probes ocean's smallest organisms for climate answers Posted: 08 Aug 2018 10:41 AM PDT In August a team of scientists is sailing 200 miles to the northeastern Pacific Ocean with advanced robotics and other instruments on a month-long quest to investigate plankton and their impact on the carbon cycle. |
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