ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| Meet the Martian meteorite hunters Posted: 22 Jul 2021 04:50 PM PDT A team is paving the way for future rovers to search for meteorites on Mars. The scientists are using an extensive meteorite collection to test the spectral instruments destined for the ExoMars rover Rosalind Franklin, and develop tools to identify meteorites on the surface of the red planet. |
| 'Wrapping' anodes in 3D carbon nanosheets: The next big thing in li-ion battery technology Posted: 22 Jul 2021 01:30 PM PDT The lithium-ion battery is the future of sustainable energy technology, but drastic volume fluctuations in their anodes related to enhanced battery capacity raises a safety concern. Recently, researchers have found that embedding manganese selenide anodes in a 3D carbon nanosheet matrix is an innovative, simple, and low-cost means of reducing drastic volume expansion while improving the energy density of these batteries. |
| Soft skin patch could provide early warning for strokes, heart attacks Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:52 AM PDT Engineers developed a soft, stretchy ultrasound patch that can be worn on the skin to monitor blood flow through vessels deep inside the body. Such a device can make it easier to detect cardiovascular problems, like blockages in the arteries that could lead to strokes or heart attacks. |
| Researchers develop tool to drastically speed up the study of enzymes Posted: 22 Jul 2021 11:20 AM PDT A new tool that enables thousands of tiny experiments to run simultaneously on a single polymer chip will let scientists study enzymes faster and more comprehensively than ever before. |
| Smartphone screens effective sensors for soil or water contamination Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT The touchscreen technology used in billions of smartphones and tablets could also be used as a powerful sensor, without the need for any modifications. |
| Eco-friendly plastic from cellulose and water Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT Plastics offer many benefits to society and are widely used in our daily life: they are lightweight, cheap and adaptable. However, the production, processing and disposal of plastics pose a major global threat to the environment and human health. However, researchers have now found a sustainable method - 'hydrosetting', which uses water at normal conditions - to process and reshape a new type of hydroplastic polymer. |
| Pathogens get comfy in designer goo Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT New hydrogels mimic intestines when lined with epithelial cells. A study demonstrated hydrogels in various stiffnesses are valuable for learning the dynamics of pathogens that cause diarrhea and other intestinal diseases. |
| Gaming graphics card allows faster, more precise control of fusion energy experiments Posted: 22 Jul 2021 10:13 AM PDT Researchers have developed a method that uses a gaming graphics card to control plasma formation in their prototype fusion reactor. |
| Personalized immunotherapy: Rapid screening of therapeutic combinations Posted: 22 Jul 2021 09:06 AM PDT An innovative testing platform that more closely mimics what cancer encounters in the body may allow for more precise, personalized therapies by enabling the rapid study of multiple therapeutic combinations against tumor cells. The platform uses a three-dimensional environment to more closely mirror a tumor microenvironment. |
| Silicon with a two-dimensional structure Posted: 22 Jul 2021 09:06 AM PDT Silicon, a semi-metal, bonds in its natural form with four other elements and its three-dimensional structure takes the form of a tetrahedron. For a long time, it seemed impossible to achieve the synthesis and characterization of a two-dimensional equivalent - geometrically speaking, a square. Now scientists have succeeded in producing a crystalline complex with such a configuration. |
| Visualizing a city's energy use Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:31 AM PDT Researchers used the City of Pittsburgh to create a model built upon the design, materials and purpose of commercial buildings to estimate their energy usage and emissions. |
| Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT An international physics team has proposed a new concept that may allow selected cosmic extreme processes to be studied in the laboratory in the future. A special setup of two high-intensity laser beams could create conditions similar to those found near neutron stars, for example. An antimatter jet is generated and accelerated very efficiently, as the experts report. |
| Fully renewable energy feasible for Samoa, study suggests Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT The future of Samoa's electricity system could go green, a new study has shown. |
| Scientists make X-ray vision-like camera to rapidly retrieve 3D images Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT Researchers describe a new type of camera technology that, when aimed at an object, can rapidly retrieve 3D images, displaying its chemical content down to the micrometer scale. |
| Untwisting DNA reveals new force that shapes genomes Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:30 AM PDT Advances in microscopy reveal how the human genome organises itself in three-dimensional space at much higher resolution than previously possible. A new study finds that transcription generates a force that moves across DNA strands like ripples through water. The discovery may have future implications for the understanding of genetic diseases such as Cornelia de Lange syndrome, developmental disorders linked to chromatin folding, and open new avenues of research in genome fragility and cancer development. |
| Structural biology provides long-sought solution to innate immunity puzzle Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:29 AM PDT Researchers report the first structural confirmation that endogenous -- or self-made -- molecules can set off innate immunity in mammals via a pair of immune cell proteins called the TLR4-MD-2 receptor complex. The work has wide-ranging implications for finding ways to treat and possibly prevent autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and antiphospholipid syndrome. |
| Scientists develop tougher, safer bicycle helmets using new plastic material Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:29 AM PDT Researchers have developed a tougher, safer bicycle helmet using a combination of materials. The new helmet prototype has higher energy absorption, reducing the amount of energy transferred to a cyclist's head in the event of an accident and likely lowering the chances of serious injury. |
| Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:29 AM PDT Many applications, from fiber-optic telecommunications to biomedical imaging processes require substances that emit light in the near-infrared range (NIR). A research team has now developed the first chromium complex that emits light in the coveted, longer wavelength NIR-II range. The team has introduced the underlying concept: a drastic change in the electronic structure of the chromium caused by the specially tailored ligands that envelop it. |
| Researchers automate brain MRI image labeling, more than 100,000 exams labelled in under 30 minutes Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:28 AM PDT Researchers have automated brain MRI image labeling, needed to teach machine learning image recognition models, by deriving important labels from radiology reports and accurately assigning them to the corresponding MRI examinations. Now, more than 100,00 MRI examinations can be labeled in less than half an hour. |
| Posted: 22 Jul 2021 08:28 AM PDT Researchers reported the development of a transferrable and integrative type I CRISPR-based platform that can efficiently edit the diverse clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a superbug capable of infecting various tissues and organs and a major source of nosocomial infections. The technique can accelerate the identification of resistance determinants of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens and the development of novel anti-resistance strategies. |
| Team streamlines neural networks to be more adept at computing on encrypted data Posted: 21 Jul 2021 02:27 PM PDT Researchers are rethinking basic functions that drive the ability of neural networks to make inferences on encrypted data. |
| Dynamic heart model mimics hemodynamic loads, advances engineered heart tissue technology Posted: 21 Jul 2021 02:27 PM PDT A new model mimics physiologic loads on engineering heart muscle tissues, yielding an unprecedented view of how genetics and mechanical forces contribute to heart muscle function. |
| Exoskeletons have a problem: They can strain the brain Posted: 21 Jul 2021 02:26 PM PDT Exoskeletons - wearable devices used by workers on assembly lines or in warehouses to alleviate stress on their lower backs - may compete with valuable resources in the brain while people work, canceling out the physical benefits of wearing them, a new study suggests. |
| New quantum research gives insights into how quantum light can be mastered Posted: 21 Jul 2021 02:26 PM PDT A team of scientists proposes that modulated quantum metasurfaces can control all properties of photonic qubits, a breakthrough that could impact the fields of quantum information, communications, sensing and imaging, as well as energy and momentum harvesting. |
| Data identifies turbine wake clustering, improves wind farm productivity via yaw control Posted: 20 Jul 2021 08:44 AM PDT Researchers describe a real-time method for potentially helping turbine farms realize additional power from the clustering of their turbines. Their method requires no new sensors to identify which turbines at any given time could increase power production if yaw control is applied, and validation studies showed an increase of 1%-3% in overall power gain. |
| Bleak cyborg future from brain-computer interfaces if we're not careful Posted: 20 Jul 2021 08:44 AM PDT The most promising method to achieve real-world BCI applications is through electroencephalography, a method of monitoring the brain's electrical activity. EEG-based BCIs will require a number of technological advances prior to widespread use, but more importantly, they will raise a variety of social, ethical, and legal concerns. Researchers conducted a review of modern commercial brain-computer interface devices and discuss the primary technological limitations and humanitarian concerns of these devices. |
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