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ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| Direct photons offer glimpse of gluons' dynamic motion Posted: 12 Oct 2021 03:57 PM PDT Scientists seeking to explore the teeming microcosm of quarks and gluons inside protons and neutrons report new data delivered by particles of light. The light particles, or photons, come directly from interactions of a quark in one proton colliding with a gluon in another at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). By tracking these 'direct photons,' scientists say they are getting a glimpse -- albeit a blurry one -- of gluons' transverse motion within the building blocks of atomic nuclei. |
| Living near oil and gas wells increases air pollution exposure Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:48 PM PDT Researchers found increased concentrations of air pollutants downwind from oil and gas wells in California, likely affecting millions of Californians who live near them. |
| A computationally quick approach to predict molten droplet solidification on a solid surface Posted: 12 Oct 2021 12:47 PM PDT The deposition of molten particles on the interior surface of jet engines can cause significant damage and degrade the performance of the engine. Now, scientists successfully simulated the solidification process of a molten droplet as it impinges on a cooler flat surface. This approach uses a mesh-less method to accurately predict the spread and the solidification of the droplet and could potentially boost the efficiency of turbines in the future. |
| Researchers breathe new life into paper books with the Magic Bookmark Posted: 12 Oct 2021 10:07 AM PDT Engineers have developed a new, cost-effective, ecological solution for augmenting the printed page with rich, up-to-date digital content. |
| How recovery from COVID-19's impact on energy demand could help meet climate targets Posted: 12 Oct 2021 10:07 AM PDT The pandemic-related drop in greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 was likely the largest on record in a single year, but how our recovery might affect future emissions is less clear. New modeling examines alternative scenarios and how they could impact climate mitigation targets. |
| Tracking an elusive molecule key to climate and combustion chemistry Posted: 12 Oct 2021 10:07 AM PDT Researchers report they have directly observed a prototypical version of a class of molecules central to environmental and combustion chemistry. This new knowledge is important to climate change models and the design of more efficient combustion engines. |
| Toward more energy efficient power converters Posted: 12 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT Researchers extend the mathematical approach called automatic differentiation from machine learning to the fitting of model parameters that describe the behavior of field-effect transistors. This allowed the parameters to be extracted up to 3.5 times faster compared with previous methods, which may lead to more sustainable microelectronics. |
| Nanosilver no ‘silver bullet’ in long-term treatment of infections Posted: 12 Oct 2021 08:23 AM PDT New research has found that pathogens that form biofilms can evolve to survive nanosilver treatment. The study is the first to demonstrate that long-term nanosilver treatment can increase the risk of recurrent infections. |
| When breezy, wear masks outdoors to prevent coronavirus exposure Posted: 12 Oct 2021 08:22 AM PDT As the delta variant continues to spread, guidelines from the CDC recommend even the vaccinated wear masks indoors to prevent exposure and transmission, though it is less clear what people should do when outside. Researchers used a large eddy simulation to model cough jets in breezy and calm conditions. They found when a person coughs outdoors, wind flowing in the same direction can propagate the virus faster over longer distances than in calm conditions. |
| Aadvance in rapid cancer detection and monitoring Posted: 12 Oct 2021 06:50 AM PDT An engineer is reporting fast screening of the surface proteins of exosomes for cancer diagnostics and biomarker discovery. |
| Enhancing piezoelectric properties under pressure Posted: 12 Oct 2021 06:50 AM PDT Stress enhances the properties of a promising material for future technologies, with researchers' discovery of a new exotic state of a promising, room-temperature multiferroic material having exciting implications for future technologies using these enhanced properties. |
| Contributing to solve the heat concentration problem in power semiconductors Posted: 12 Oct 2021 06:50 AM PDT Towards solving the heat concentration problem in power semiconductors, researchers have developed a highly efficient boiling immersion cooler using lotus metals. LTS succeeded in increasing the cooling performance from about 200 W/cm2 of the conventional cooler to 530 W/cm2 or more by using the boiling promotion technology using lotus metals. This technology is also considered as a highly efficient cooling technology for CPUs for conventional workstations and large-scale servers. |
| New nanostructure could be the key to quantum electronics Posted: 12 Oct 2021 06:50 AM PDT A novel electronic component could be an important key to the era of quantum information technology: Using a tailored manufacturing process, pure germanium is bonded with aluminum in a way that atomically sharp interfaces are created. |
| Ultrafast and coupled: Atomic vibrations in the quantum material boron nitride Posted: 12 Oct 2021 06:50 AM PDT Materials consisting of a few atomic layers display properties determined by quantum physics. In a stack of such layers, vibrations of the atoms can be triggered by infrared light. New experimental and theoretical work shows that atomic vibrations within the layers of hexagonal boron nitride, the so-called transverse optical phonons, couple directly to motions of the layers against each other. For a period of some 20 ps, the coupling results in a frequency down-shift of the optical phonons and their optical resonance. This behavior is a genuine property of the quantum material and of interest for applications in high-frequency optoelectronics. |
| Deaths linked to ‘hormone disruptor’ chemical costs billions in lost US productivity Posted: 12 Oct 2021 05:01 AM PDT Daily exposure chemicals called phthalates, used in the manufacture of plastic food containers and many cosmetics, may lead to roughly 100,000 premature deaths among older Americans each year, a new study shows. The resulting annual economic burden is between $40 billion and $47 billion, a value more than quadruple that of previous estimates. |
| Chemists discover faster-acting forms of insecticide imidacloprid Posted: 12 Oct 2021 05:00 AM PDT Scientists have developed seven crystal forms of imidacloprid -- one of the world's most widely used insecticides -- in an effort to sharply reduce its environmental impact. The new forms work up to nine times faster than the original version, meaning a smaller amount can be used to control insects like infectious disease-transmitting mosquitoes, while reducing the chance of harm to other organisms, such as bees. |
| Powered exoskeleton helps amputees walk with less effort Posted: 11 Oct 2021 08:08 AM PDT Mechanical engineering researchers have developed a lightweight powered exoskeleton that helps lower-limb amputees walk with much less effort. The device uses motors, microprocessors and advanced algorithms to aid users in walking, much like an e-bike helps riders pedal uphill. |
| Anticipated spill from deteriorating Red Sea oil tanker threatens public health Posted: 11 Oct 2021 08:08 AM PDT A massive prospective spill from a deserted oil tanker in the Red Sea could lead to catastrophic public health effects in war-torn Yemen and neighboring countries unless urgent action is taken, according to a new study. |
| Sequencing the unknown made easy: Metaplatanus improves metagenome assembly Posted: 08 Oct 2021 10:41 AM PDT Metagenome sequencing of 'tricky' gene pools has been ridden with issues during assembly of sequenced DNA fragments, which can now be addressed by a tool developed by scientists. This hybrid metagenome assembler tool, called MetaPlatanus, utilizes long-range sequence links and species-specific features, to deliver high-quality DNA sequences. |
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