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ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| Posted: 01 Dec 2021 12:01 PM PST A recent study demonstrates that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to detect early signs of tumor cell death in response to a novel virus-based cancer therapy. |
| Engineers create perching bird-like robot Posted: 01 Dec 2021 11:53 AM PST With feet and legs like a peregrine falcon, engineers have created a robot that can perch and carry objects like a bird. |
| Posted: 01 Dec 2021 08:19 AM PST Researchers used the Frontera supercomputer to explore light-induced superconductivity a pulsed laser, which is believed to be a promising route to room-temperature superconductors. They found that d-wave superconductivity can be enhanced by a pulsed laser, but the light-enhanced superconductivity may be of fluctuating nature. The project applied a recently developed exact diagonalization method which allows precise calculations of up to a trillion matrix elements, but requires large scale high performance computing. |
| Study links high cholesterol, cardiovascular disease to plastics Posted: 01 Dec 2021 05:51 AM PST In a mouse study, a team led by a biomedical scientist found a phthalate -- a chemical used to make plastics more durable -- led to increased plasma cholesterol levels. |
| Synthetic tissue can repair hearts, muscles, and vocal cords Posted: 30 Nov 2021 12:04 PM PST Combining knowledge of chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering, scientists from McGill University develop a biomaterial tough enough to repair the heart, muscles, and vocal cords, representing a major advance in regenerative medicine. |
| High-speed holography of cells spots physical beacons of disease Posted: 30 Nov 2021 12:04 PM PST Biomedical engineers have engineered a holographic system capable of imaging and analyzing tens of thousands of cells per minute to both discover and recognize signs of disease. |
| Time crystal in a quantum computer Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Researchers have created and observed a new phase of matter, popularly known as a time crystal. |
| As LA traffic slowed amid the pandemic, researchers gained new insight into air pollution Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Car tailpipes spew out molecules of ammonia, a harmful air pollutant that can lead to thousands of premature deaths every year. New research shows that vehicles may produce a lot more of these emissions than federal and state regulators have believed. |
| Scientists develop lead-absorbing tape to boost viability of rising star in solar power industry Posted: 30 Nov 2021 10:02 AM PST Scientists describe development of a cost-effective Scotch-tape-like film that can be applied to perovskite solar cells and capture 99.9% of leaked lead in the event of solar cell damage. |
| 3D printing of blood plasma may speed up wound healing Posted: 30 Nov 2021 08:25 AM PST New research suggests that effective wound healing may be aided by replicating a crucial component of our blood. |
| Reshaping the plastic lifecycle into a circle Posted: 30 Nov 2021 08:25 AM PST New research gives a bird's-eye view of the scale of plastic creation globally, tracing where it's produced, where it ends up, and its environmental impact. |
| 3D laser nanoprinters become compact Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:15 AM PST Lasers in conventional laser printers for paper printouts are very small. 3D laser printers for 3-dimensional microstructures and nanostructures, by contrast, have required big and expensive laser systems so far. Researchers now use another process for this purpose. Two-step absorption works with inexpensive and small, blue laser diodes. As a result, much smaller printers can be used. |
| Constraining quantum measurement Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST The quantum world and our everyday world are very different places. Physicists now investigate how the act of measuring a quantum particle transforms it into an everyday object. |
| Nonverbal social interactions – even with unfriendly avatars – boost cooperation Posted: 30 Nov 2021 07:14 AM PST Scientists used animated humanoid avatars to study how nonverbal cues influence people's behavior. The research offers insight into the brain mechanisms that drive social and economic decision-making. |
| Timber or steel? Study helps builders reduce carbon footprint of truss structures Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:51 PM PST A new analysis could help architects and builders reduce the carbon footprint of truss structures, the crisscrossing struts that bolster bridges, towers, and buildings. |
| Crash safety: New traffic lights absorb kinetic energy Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Game-changing technology to design traffic lights that absorb kinetic energy, stopping them from crumpling when hit by a vehicle, will prevent thousands of fatalities and injuries each year and make our roads much safer. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Using a new microspectroscopic technique, scientists have found that steam disinfection of silicone-rubber baby bottle nipples exposes babies and the environment to micro- and nanoplastic particles. |
| Challenges to ongoing clean-up of burnt and unburnt nurdles along Sri Lanka’s coastline Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST When a fire broke out on the deck of the M/V XPress Pearl cargo ship on May 20, 2021, an estimated 70-75 billion pellets of preproduction plastic material, known as nurdles, spilled into the ocean and along the Sri Lankan coastline. That spill of about 1,500 tons of nurdles, many of which were burnt by the fire, has threatened marine life and poses a complex clean-up challenge. |
| Team builds first living robots that can reproduce Posted: 29 Nov 2021 12:50 PM PST Scientists have discovered a new form of biological reproduction -- and created self-replicating living robots. Made from frog cells, these computer-designed organisms gather single cells inside a Pac-Man-shaped 'mouth' -- and release Xenobot 'babies' that look and move like themselves. Then the offspring go and do the same -- over and over. |
| Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Polymers, the basis of all plastics, usually do not have an ordered structure, in contrast to biopolymers such as proteins. A team of researchers has now developed a polymer that can be differentiated into folded (ordered) and unfolded (disordered) domains using UV irradiation. The team's work offers new possibilities for developing functional soft materials. |
| Research pushes auto industry closer to clean cars powered by direct ethanol fuel cells Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Alternative-energy research is charting a path toward the mass adoption of clean cars powered by direct-ethanol fuel cells. |
| Researchers light the way for organic glow-in-the-dark materials Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:28 AM PST Organic materials could soon be utilized for glow-in-the-dark products, which has the potential to diversify and expand the already US$400 million industry, thanks to new research. |
| Getting the most therapeutic potential out of cells Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST A simple change in the way donor cells are processed can maximize a single cell's production of extracellular vesicles, which are small nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, according to new research. |
| Tracking down microplastics in Antarctica Posted: 29 Nov 2021 09:27 AM PST Microplastics are everywhere, even in the most remote places. Where do these tiny pieces of plastic come from? Researchers have shown that it takes precise analysis to answer this question. |
| Sizing up the challenges in extracting lithium from geothermal brine Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:57 AM PST For geothermal fields around the world, produced geothermal brine has been simply injected back underground, but now it's become clear that the brines produced at the Salton Sea geothermal field contain an immense amount of lithium, a critical resource need for low-carbon transportation and energy storage. Demand for lithium is skyrocketing, as it is an essential ingredient in lithium-ion batteries. Researchers have recently published a comprehensive review of past and current technologies for extracting minerals from geothermal brine. |
| Efficient organic solar cells processed from green solvents Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST A small guest molecule in the right place makes it possible to produce energy-efficient organic solar cells using eco-friendly solvents. A record efficiency over 17% is demonstrated. In addition, solar cells with larger areas can be produced. |
| Programmable interaction between quantum magnets Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers have succeeded in their aim of not only changing the strength but also the nature of the interaction between microscopic quantum magnets, known as spins. Instead of falling into a state of complete disorder, the especially prepared magnets can maintain their original orientation for a long period. With these findings, the physicists have successfully demonstrated a programmable control of spin interactions in isolated quantum systems. |
| Development of an artificial vision device capable of mimicking human optical illusions Posted: 29 Nov 2021 07:56 AM PST Researchers have developed an ionic artificial vision device capable of increasing the edge contrast between the darker and lighter areas of an mage in a manner similar to that of human vision. This first-ever synthetic mimicry of human optical illusions was achieved using ionic migration and interaction within solids. It may be possible to use the device to develop compact, energy-efficient visual sensing and image processing hardware systems capable of processing analog signals. |
| In the quantum realm, not even time flows as you might expect Posted: 26 Nov 2021 10:08 AM PST A team of physicists has shown how quantum systems can simultaneously evolve along two opposite time arrows - both forward and backward in time. The study necessitates a rethink of how the flow of time is understood and represented in contexts where quantum laws play a crucial role. |
| Doing photon upconversion a solid — Crystals that convert light to more useful wavelengths Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Solid-solution organic crystals have been brought into the quest for superior photon upconversion materials, which transform presently wasted long-wavelength light into more useful shorter wavelength light. Scientists revisited a materials approach previously deemed lackluster -- using a molecule originally developed for organic LEDs -- achieving outstanding performance and efficiency. Their findings pave the way for many novel photonic technologies, such as better solar cells and photocatalysts for hydrogen and hydrocarbon productions. |
| 'Magic wand' reveals a colorful nano-world Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Researchers describe a revolutionary imaging technology that compresses lamp light into a nanometer-sized spot. It holds that light at the end of a silver nanowire like a Hogwarts student practicing the 'Lumos' spell, and uses it to reveal previously invisible details, including colors, in nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes. |
| Accelerated renewables-based electrification paves the way for a post-fossil future Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Cost-slashing innovations are underway in the electric power sector and could give electricity the lead over fossil-based combustion fuels in the world's energy supply by mid-century. When combined with a global carbon price, these developments can catalyse emission reductions to reach the Paris climate targets, while reducing the need for controversial negative emissions, a new study finds. |
| ‘Super jelly’ can survive being run over by a car Posted: 25 Nov 2021 12:48 PM PST Researchers have developed a jelly-like material that can withstand the equivalent of an elephant standing on it, and completely recover to its original shape, even though it's 80% water. |
| How molecular clusters in the nucleus interact with chromosomes Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:41 PM PST Using computer simulations, chemists have discovered how nuclear bodies called nucleoli interact with chromosomes in the nucleus, and how those interactions help the nucleoli exist as stable droplets within the nucleus. |
| Electrons set the stage for neutrino experiments Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST Neutrinos may be the key to finally solving a mystery of the origins of our matter-dominated universe, and preparations for two major, billion-dollar experiments are underway to reveal the particles' secrets. Now, a team of nuclear physicists have turned to the humble electron to provide insight for how these experiments can better prepare to capture critical information. |
| A new topological magnet with colossal angular magnetoresistance Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST A new topological magnet with colossal angular magnetoresistance. Trillion percent change of resistance can be achieved in the new material by simply rotating the direction of spin. |
| Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:39 PM PST To push confocal imaging to an unprecedented level of performance, scientists have invented a 'kitchen sink' confocal platform that borrows solutions from other high-powered imaging systems, adds a unifying thread of 'Deep Learning' artificial intelligence algorithms, and successfully improves the confocal's volumetric resolution by more than 10-fold while simultaneously reducing phototoxicity. |
| New study shows electric fields can improve the efficiency of wastewater purification Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST A new technological advancement uses an electric field to achieve efficient and low-cost ammonia removal from wastewater. |
| Potential of demand response in reducing CO2 emissions Posted: 24 Nov 2021 12:38 PM PST Demand response (DR) programs incentivize electric grid users to consume less power during peak hours, relieving grid load and reducing CO2 emissions. However, its potential as a practical approach remains unverified. Now, scientists propose an AI-based approach to estimate the DR potential per household based on real-world user behavior, demonstrating that DR programs are beneficial for customers, suppliers, and the environment. |
| AI used to optimize several flow battery properties simultaneously Posted: 23 Nov 2021 01:28 PM PST To find the right battery molecules, researchers have turned to the power of artificial intelligence to search through a vast chemical space of over a million molecules and optimize for several properties. |
| Researchers develop new approach to nanoparticles that stop internal bleeding Posted: 23 Nov 2021 01:27 PM PST Researchers have developed a unique way of modifying the surfaces of nanoparticles within life-saving medications to provide infusions that can be delivered more quickly, but with a reduced risk of negative reactions. |
| Free green services could substantially reduce emissions Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:14 AM PST Using carbon tax revenue to fund free green electricity and public transport could significantly reduce individual households' greenhouse gas emissions, a new study has found. Providing these services for free could reduce home energy emissions by 13.4%, and motor fuel emissions by 23.8%. |
| Chemical researchers invent bio-petroleum for sustainable materials Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:13 AM PST Researchers have developed a chemical technology of combined fermentation and chemical refining that can produce petroleum-like liquids from renewable plants. These renewable liquids could serve as a more sustainable replacement for today's fossil fuels used to make everyday products like plastic containers and bags, automobile parts, lubricants, and soaps. |
| Chemistry: Researchers develop novel, inexpensive catalysts enabling noble metal chemistry Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:13 AM PST Alkynes have many uses in industry. Until now, it was assumed that gold- or platinum-based catalysts were absolutely necessary for certain chemical reactions with alkynes. Chemists have now succeeded in carrying out the same reactions with considerably less expensive materials. |
| Two-meter COVID-19 rule is 'arbitrary measurement' of safety Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:13 AM PST A new study has shown that the airborne transmission of COVID-19 is highly random and suggests that the two-metre rule was a number chosen from a risk 'continuum', rather than any concrete measurement of safety. |
| Origami, kirigami inspire mechanical metamaterials designs Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:13 AM PST Researchers categorize origami- and kirigami-based mechanical metamaterials, artificially engineered materials with unusual mechanical properties, and subdivided them into rigid or deformable categories based on the elastic energy landscape. The researchers want to discover new designs, especially curved origami designs, hybrid origami-kirigami designs, modular designs, and hierarchical designs; to design for real-world applications, it will be helpful to explore materials with different properties such as thin or thick, soft or hard, and elastic or plastic. |
| New process makes every atom matter for sustainable catalyst production Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:13 AM PST Scientists have discovered a new process to break bulk metal into atoms to produce heterogeneous catalysts without any chemical waste, which will lead to new sustainable ways of making and using molecules in the most atom efficient way. |
| Virtual reality tool to be used in the fight against disease Posted: 23 Nov 2021 10:12 AM PST Science has the technology to measure the activity of every gene within a single individual cell, and just one experiment can generate thousands of cells worth of data. Researchers have now revolutionized the way this data is analyzed -- by using 3D video gaming technology. |
| Ultrathin solar cells get a boost Posted: 22 Nov 2021 02:27 PM PST Engineers boost the efficiency while retaining the toughness of solar cells made of two-dimensional perovskites. |
| Climate change: Before geoengineering, some fundamental chemistry Posted: 22 Nov 2021 02:27 PM PST New research examines the chemistry of a proposal to curb climate change's effects -- creating a sunshade in the upper atmosphere made of sulfuric acid -- and finds that there's more work to do to successfully pull off such a feat. |
| Stereotypes in STEM fields start by age six Posted: 22 Nov 2021 02:27 PM PST The perception that boys are more interested than girls in computer science and engineering starts as young as age six, according to a new study. That may be one reason why girls and women are underrepresented in these STEM career fields. |
| How well do wet masks contain droplets? Posted: 22 Nov 2021 10:55 AM PST Researchers modeled what happens to respiratory droplets when they come in contact with wet masks. Their results show that damp masks are still effective at stopping these droplets from escaping the mask and being atomized into smaller, easier-to-spread aerosolized particles. |
| Wearable device can detect and reverse opioid overdose Posted: 22 Nov 2021 10:54 AM PST Researchers have developed a wearable device to detect and reverse an opioid overdose. The device, worn on the stomach like an insulin pump, senses when a person stops breathing and moving, and injects naloxone, a lifesaving antidote that can restore respiration. |
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