ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| 6G component provides speed, efficiency needed for next-gen network Posted: 02 Jun 2022 10:23 AM PDT An international team led by researchers has developed 6G components that will allow future devices to achieve increased speeds necessary for such a technological jump. |
| Researchers take optical coherence tomography to the next level Posted: 02 Jun 2022 08:42 AM PDT Researchers have developed an enhanced version of optical coherence tomography (OCT) that can image biomedical samples at higher contrast and resolution over a wider 3D field of view than was previously possible. |
| Hydrofoils: Major climate benefits when ships 'fly' over the surface Posted: 02 Jun 2022 06:51 AM PDT Soon, electric passenger ferries skimming above the surface across the seas may become a reality. A research team has created a unique method for further developing hydrofoils that can significantly increase the range of electric vessels and reduce the fuel consumption of fossil-powered ships by 80 per cent. |
| Time crystals 'impossible' but obey quantum physics Posted: 02 Jun 2022 06:51 AM PDT Scientists have created a 'time-crystal' a two-body system in an experiment that seems to bend the laws of physics. A 'two-level system' is a basic building block of a quantum computer. Time crystals could perhaps be used to build quantum devices that work at room temperature. Time crystals were long believed to be impossible because they are made from atoms in never-ending motion. The discovery shows that not only can time crystals be created, but they have potential to be turned into useful devices. |
| 'Fruitcake' structure observed in organic polymers Posted: 02 Jun 2022 06:51 AM PDT Researchers have analysed the properties of an organic polymer with potential applications in flexible electronics and uncovered variations in hardness at the nanoscale. |
| When AI is the inventor who gets the patent? Posted: 01 Jun 2022 05:00 PM PDT The day is coming -- some say has already arrived -- when new inventions that benefit society are dreamt up by artificial intelligence all on its own. |
| Physicists announce first results from The Daya Bay Neutrino Experiment's final dataset Posted: 01 Jun 2022 05:00 PM PDT Over nearly nine years, the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment captured an unprecedented five and a half million interactions from subatomic particles called neutrinos. Now, the international team of physicists has reported the first result from the experiment's full dataset -- the most precise measurement yet of theta13, a key parameter for understanding how neutrinos change their 'flavor.' The result will help physicists explore some of the biggest mysteries surrounding the nature of matter and the universe. |
| Research shows how Gulf of Mexico escaped ancient mass extinction Posted: 01 Jun 2022 10:30 AM PDT An ancient bout of global warming 56 million years ago that acidified oceans and wiped-out marine life had a milder effect in the Gulf of Mexico, where life was sheltered by the basin's unique geology. The findings could help scientists determine how current climate change will affect marine life and aid in efforts to find deposits of oil and gas. |
| Electrolyte additive offers lithium battery performance breakthrough Posted: 01 Jun 2022 10:30 AM PDT Chemists have learned that an electrolyte additive allows stable high-voltage cycling of nickel-rich layered cathodes. Their work could lead to improvements in the energy density of lithium batteries that power electric vehicles. |
| A 'Goldilocks amount' of time spent online could be good for teenagers' wellbeing Posted: 01 Jun 2022 08:18 AM PDT New research has found further evidence of a relationship between online engagement and mental wellbeing in teenagers. The study contributes to mounting international evidence on the dangers of high levels of digital media use. |
| Astronomy team finds evidence of galactic metal shrouded in dust Posted: 01 Jun 2022 08:17 AM PDT Using NASA's SOFIA observatory and other data resources, an international team of astronomers has uncovered evidence of metals in local galaxies -- found to be deficient in earlier studies -- by analyzing infrared data gathered during a multiyear campaign. |
| Posted: 01 Jun 2022 06:22 AM PDT Protected and rare bats regularly die at wind turbines (WT). This is why the operation of new wind turbines is temporarily curtailed during periods of high bat activity. Old wind turbines run without curtailment, however. A scientific team has now produced an exemplary estimate of bat fatality rates at such old turbines by systematically recording bat carcasses in the vicinity of the turbines. During two months, 70 bats died on average per wind turbine. Even if these figures cannot be extrapolated one-to-one to all 20,000 old turbines in Germany, there is a considerable need for action. The operation of old turbines should be adjusted to the current regulations for new turbines, the authors argue. |
| Research paves the way for stronger alloys Posted: 01 Jun 2022 06:21 AM PDT Scientists have described how microscopic crystals grow and change shape in molten metals as they cool, in research that is breaking new ground in alloy research and paves the way for improving the tensile strength of alloys used in casting and welding. |
| How structural changes affect the superconducting properties of a metal oxide Posted: 01 Jun 2022 06:21 AM PDT Researchers have discovered how subtle structural changes in strontium titanate, a metal oxide semiconductor, can alter the material's electrical resistance and affect its superconducting properties. The research can help guide future experiments and materials design related to superconductivity and the creation of more efficient semiconductors for various electronic device applications. |
| Zapping orange peel oil into new, pleasant aroma compounds Posted: 01 Jun 2022 06:21 AM PDT As oranges are peeled, they spray a tangy, citrus scented oil into the air. The main compound in the fragrant mist is limonene, which can be collected from discarded peels and used in flavorings, perfumes and all-purpose cleaners. Now, researchers have treated limonene with electricity and ethanol, transforming it into a mixture of pleasant-smelling aroma compounds, some of which haven't been identified before. |
| As the grid adds wind power, researchers have to reengineer recovery from power outages Posted: 31 May 2022 03:19 PM PDT When electric grids go down, there's no way to restore them -- 'blackstart' them -- with power from wind turbines. A team is now working to develop strategies and controllers that would reenergize power grids dominated by wind power. In Iowa, wind turbines now produce 55% of the state's electricity. |
| Researchers identify alternative to lithium-based battery technology Posted: 31 May 2022 01:13 PM PDT Researchers have identified an alternative to lithium-based battery technology by developing sodium glassy electrodes capable of supporting long-duration, grid-scale energy storage. |
| Direct sound printing is a potential game-changer in 3D printing Posted: 31 May 2022 11:01 AM PDT Researchers describe a new platform technology called direct sound printing (DSP), which uses soundwaves to produce new objects. The paper explains show how focused ultrasound waves can be used to create sonochemical reactions in minuscule cavitation regions. Extremes of temperature and pressure lasting trillionths of a second can generate pre-designed complex geometries that cannot be made with existing techniques. |
| Posted: 31 May 2022 11:01 AM PDT New research shows that the mental workload of intensive care unit nurses can successfully be evaluated using eye-movement tracking glasses. |
| New insights into the movement of pine cone scales Posted: 31 May 2022 09:21 AM PDT Pine cones open when dry and close when wet. In this way, pine seeds are released only under advantageous conditions, namely when it is dry and the seeds can be carried far by wind. Opening and closing is of particular interest to researchers because the actuation is passive, that is, it does not consume metabolic energy. This is why the pine cone has already served as a model for biomimetic flap systems that react to moisture and are used, for example, in building envelopes to regulate the climate. |
| Oil spill remediation: Research confirms effectiveness of oil dispersants Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Chemical dispersants are some of the best tools to clean up after an oil spill. However, scientists do not fully understand how well they work. A new study validated their efficacy in order to better prepare for the next disaster. |
| Injured human liver treated for 3 days in a machine and then successfully transplanted Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT A multidisciplinary research team has succeeded in doing something during a treatment attempt that had never been achieved in the history of medicine until now: it treated an originally damaged human liver in a machine for three days outside of a body and then implanted the recovered organ into a cancer patient. One year later, the patient is doing well. |
| Photonics: Quest for elusive monolayers just got a lot simpler Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Optics researchers develop an automated scanning device that can detect 2D monolayers with 99.9 percent accuracy -- surpassing any other method to date -- at a fraction of the cost, in far less time, and with readily available materials. |
| Urban magnetic fields reveal clues about energy efficiency, pollution Posted: 31 May 2022 08:18 AM PDT Researchers present a comparative analysis of urban magnetic fields between two U.S. cities: Berkeley, California, and the Brooklyn borough of New York City. They explore what kinds of information can be extracted using data from magnetic field sensors to understand the working of cities and provide insights that may be crucial for preventative studies. |
| Solar-biomass hybrid system satisfies home heating requirements in winter Posted: 31 May 2022 08:17 AM PDT Researchers outline a computer simulation model addressing the challenge of solar power's inherent intermittency by adding biomass as another renewable energy source to advance a reliable, affordable heating solution while reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The proposed solar-biomass hybrid system is based on distributed multi-generation technology that integrates photovoltaic-thermal and biomass power sources. |
| Researchers investigate the links between facial recognition and Alzheimer's disease Posted: 31 May 2022 07:27 AM PDT In recent years Alzheimer's disease has been on the rise throughout the world and is rarely diagnosed at an early stage when it can still be effectively controlled. Using artificial intelligence, researchers conducted a study to identify whether human-computer interfaces could be adapted for people with memory impairments to recognize a visible object in front of them. |
| Multi-spin flips and a pathway to efficient ising machines Posted: 31 May 2022 07:26 AM PDT Combinatorial optimization problems are at the root of many industrial processes and solving them is key to a more sustainable and efficient future. Ising machines can solve certain combinatorial optimization problems, but their efficiency could be improved with multi-spin flips. Researchers have now tackled this difficult problem by developing a merge algorithm that disguises a multi-spin flip as a simpler, single-spin flip. This technology provides optimal solutions to hard computational problems in a shorter time. |
| A new arrangement: Using quantum dots to quench the smallest ferrimagnetism Posted: 31 May 2022 06:15 AM PDT A team of scientists have focused on the Kondo effect on minimal ferrimagnetism and attempted to elucidate it theoretically. As a result, they found that the Kondo effect occurred via multiple 'quantum entangled states' depending on temperature and other factors. They also found that the Kondo effect suppressed electrical conductivity through minimal ferrimagnetism, when usually it is amplified in many other cases. |
| Ultrasound-guided microbubbles boost immunotherapy efficacy Posted: 30 May 2022 09:04 AM PDT Researchers have developed an ultrasound-guided cancer immunotherapy platform that generates systemic antitumor immunity and improves the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. |
| Engineers boost signals from fluorescent sensors Posted: 30 May 2022 09:03 AM PDT Engineers have found a way to dramatically improve the signal emitted by fluorescing nanosenors. The researchers showed they could implant sensors as deep as 5.5 centimeters in tissue and still get a strong signal. The advance allows the particles to be placed deeper within biological tissue, which could aid with cancer diagnosis or monitoring. |
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