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ScienceDaily: Matter & Energy News |
| Bacteria for blastoff: Using microbes to make supercharged new rocket fuel Posted: 30 Jun 2022 01:00 PM PDT Biofuel scientists used an oddball molecule made by bacteria to develop a new class of sustainable biofuels powerful enough to launch rockets. The candidate molecules have greater projected energy density than any petroleum product, including the leading aviation and rocket fuels, JetA and RP-1. |
| Signaling molecule potently stimulates hair growth Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:22 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that a signaling molecule called SCUBE3 potently stimulates hair growth and may offer a therapeutic treatment for androgenetic alopecia, a common form of hair loss in both women and men. |
| Dissolving implantable device relieves pain without drugs Posted: 30 Jun 2022 11:21 AM PDT Researchers have developed a small, soft, flexible implant that relieves pain on demand and without the use of drugs. The first-of-its-kind device could provide a much-needed alternative to opioids and other highly addictive medications. It works by softly wrapping around nerves to deliver precise, targeted cooling, which numbs nerves and blocks pain signals to the brain. After the device is no longer needed, it naturally absorbs into the body -- bypassing the need for surgical extraction. |
| Optical fiber imaging method advances studies of Alzheimer's disease Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:48 AM PDT An optical fiber as thin as a strand of hair holds promise for use in minimally invasive deep-tissue studies of patients' brains that show the effects Alzheimer's disease and other brain disorders. The challenge is efficiently increasing image resolution at the subcellular level, because loss of information is inevitable from light scrambling. |
| Building explainability into the components of machine-learning models Posted: 30 Jun 2022 10:48 AM PDT Researchers have created a taxonomy and outlined steps that developers can take to design features in machine-learning models that are easier for decision-makers to understand. |
| Breaking AIs to make them better Posted: 30 Jun 2022 08:45 AM PDT Current AIs are very accurate but inflexible at image recognition. Exactly why this is remains a mystery. Researchers have developed a method called 'Raw Zero-Shot' to assess how neural networks handle elements unknown to them. The results have the potential to help researchers identify the common features that make neural networks 'non-robust,' and develop methods to make AIs more reliable. |
| Laser writing may enable 'electronic nose' for multi-gas sensor Posted: 30 Jun 2022 06:57 AM PDT Environmental sensors are a step closer to simultaneously sniffing out multiple gases that could indicate disease or pollution. Researchers combined laser writing and responsive sensor technologies to fabricate the first highly customizable microscale gas sensing devices. |
| Making dark semiconductors shine Posted: 27 Jun 2022 09:49 AM PDT The energy-levels of semiconductors can be rearranged by coupling between light particles (photons) and excited electrons so that a formerly dark material becomes optically active. In their experiments, the researchers succeeded in manipulating the energy-level structure in an ultra-thin sample of the semiconductor tungsten diselenide. This material, which normally has a low luminescence yield, began to shine, the team reports. |
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