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ScienceDaily: Mind & Brain News |
| Why we feel confident about decisions we make Posted: 12 Jan 2022 07:56 AM PST A team of researchers has shown for the first time that decisions feel right to us if we have compared the options as attentively as possible -- and if we are conscious of having done so. This requires a capacity for introspection. |
| Lymphoma: Key signaling pathway involved in tumor formation identified Posted: 12 Jan 2022 07:56 AM PST There are myriad reasons why cancers develop. By studying genes which are altered in people with lymphoma, a multidisciplinary team of researchers has identified a key mechanism involved in disease development. This signaling pathway, which the researchers describe in detail, controls the repair of DNA damage. |
| Alzheimer’s: Inflammatory markers are conspicuous at an early stage Posted: 12 Jan 2022 07:56 AM PST Long before the onset of dementia, there is evidence for increased activity of the brain's immune system. Researchers from DZNE and the University Hospital Bonn (UKB) come to this conclusion based on a study of more than 1,000 older adults. To this end, various proteins were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid: They served as so-called biomarkers that indicate inflammatory processes of the nervous system. As it turned out, some of these molecules seem to be part of a damage control program of the immune system, which could be useful for the development of new drugs. |
| Long-term use of blood pressure drugs may cause kidney damage, study suggests Posted: 12 Jan 2022 06:40 AM PST New kidney research is raising concerns that long-term use of ACE inhibitors and other drugs commonly prescribed to treat high-blood pressure and heart failure could be contributing to kidney damage. |
| Images of enzyme provide insights into cause of hereditary neurological disease Posted: 12 Jan 2022 06:40 AM PST Researchers have produced the first molecular images of an enzyme that controls proteins to signal and communicate with each other in human cells. The discovery could help to solve the mystery cause of a rare group of hereditary neurodegenerative diseases linked to deregulation of this enzyme. |
| Learning through ‘guided’ play can be as effective as adult-led instruction up to at least age eight Posted: 12 Jan 2022 06:40 AM PST Teaching younger children through 'guided' play supports key aspects of their learning and development at least as well - and sometimes better - than the traditional direct instruction they usually receive at school, a new analysis finds. Guided play broadly refers to playful educational activities which, although gently steered by an adult using open-ended questions and prompts, give children the freedom to explore a learning goal in their own way. The new study gathered data about the impact of this approach on 3,800 children aged three to eight. It found that guided play can be just as effective as more traditional methods of classroom instruction in the development of key literacy, numeracy and social skills - as well as the acquisition of executive functions (a cluster of essential thinking skills). The findings also suggest that children may master some skills - notably in maths - more effectively through guided play than via other methods. |
| Tomato concentrate could help reduce chronic intestinal inflammation associated with HIV Posted: 12 Jan 2022 06:39 AM PST New research in mice suggests that adding a certain type of tomato concentrate to the diet can reduce the intestinal inflammation that is associated with HIV. Left untreated, intestinal inflammation can accelerate arterial disease, which in turn can lead to heart attack and stroke. |
| Decoding inner language to treat speech disorders Posted: 12 Jan 2022 06:37 AM PST What if it were possible to decode the internal language of individuals deprived of the ability to express themselves? Researchers have now managed to identify promising neural signals to capture our internal monologues. They were also able to identify the brain areas to be observed to try to decipher them in the future. |
| Computer model seeks to explain the spread of misinformation, and suggest counter measures Posted: 11 Jan 2022 12:37 PM PST Researchers have come up with a computer model that mirrors the way misinformation spreads in real life. The work might provide insight on how to protect people from the current contagion of misinformation that threatens public health and the health of democracy. |
| How much do students learn when they double the speed of their class videos? Posted: 11 Jan 2022 12:36 PM PST A new study shows that students retain information quite well when watching lectures at up to twice their actual speed. With 85% of college students surveyed as part of the study reporting they "speed-watched" lecture videos, the researchers engaged students in a series of experiments to test how faster speeds affected learning. Recorded lectures have become a routine part of course instruction during COVID-19. |
| Modular super-enhancer controls retinal development Posted: 11 Jan 2022 06:13 AM PST Scientists have identified distinct functions for regions of a super-enhancer that controls gene expression during retina formation, calling it a 'modular' super-enhancer. |
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