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Eastern forests shaped more by Native Americans' burning than climate change Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT Native Americans' use of fire to manage vegetation in what is now the Eastern United States was more profound than previously believed, according to a researcher who determined that forest composition change in the region was caused more by land use than climate change. |
Mathematicians revive abandoned approach to Riemann Hypothesis Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT Many ways to approach the Riemann Hypothesis have been proposed during the past 150 years, but none of them have led to conquering the most famous open problem in mathematics. A new article suggests that one of these old approaches is more practical than previously realized. |
Potential breakthrough in understanding tumor dormancy Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT Scientists may have uncovered a primary method through which cancer cells exist undetected in an organism and received more than $1 million to investigate the potential for novel therapeutics that target and destroy cells in a specific state of tumor dormancy. |
Developing biosecurity tool to detect genetically engineered organisms in the wild Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT If a genetically or synthetically engineered organism gets into the environment, how will we tell it apart from the millions of naturally occurring microorganisms? Recently, the US government and research scientists have identified a need for new tools that can detect engineered organisms that have been accidentally or intentionally released beyond the lab. Chemical engineers are developing a detection tool based on DNA signatures. |
With a hop, a skip and a jump, high-flying robot leaps through obstacles with ease Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT First unveiled in 2016, Salto the jumping robot stands at little less than a foot, but can vault over three times its height in a single bound. Now researchers have equipped the robot with a slew of new skills, giving it the ability to bounce in place like a pogo stick and jump through obstacle courses like an agility dog. Salto can even take short jaunts outside, powered by radio controller. |
Flamingoes, elephants and sharks: How do blind adults learn about animal appearance? Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT They've never seen animals like hippos and sharks but adults born blind have rich insight into what they look like, a new study found. |
Ammonium fertilized early life on Earth Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT New research demonstrates that ammonium was a vital source of nitrogen for early life on Earth. |
Geneticists continue to unravel how genes impact drug use and addiction Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT Research is revealing new insights into how genes impact drug use and addiction through a novel study of susceptibility to the effects of cocaine and methamphetamine in fruit flies. |
Strain enables new applications of 2D materials Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT Superconductors' never-ending flow of electrical current could provide new options for energy storage and superefficient electrical transmission and generation. But the signature zero electrical resistance of superconductors is reached only below a certain critical temperature and is very expensive to achieve. Physicists believe they've found a way to manipulate superthin, waferlike monolayers of superconductors, thus changing the material's properties to create new artificial materials for future devices. |
Extreme draining of reservoir aids young salmon and eliminates invasive fish Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT A new study finds that the low-cost, extreme draining of a reservoir in Oregon aided downstream migration of juvenile chinook salmon -- and led to the gradual disappearance of two species of predatory invasive fish in the artificial lake. |
Children with cancer wait an average of 6.5 years longer than adults to access new drugs Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT An analysis of 117 cancer drugs approved by the US FDA over a 20-year period finds the drugs took a median of 6.5 years to go from the first clinical trial in adults to the first trial in children. |
Air pollution linked to childhood anxiety Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT A new study looks at the correlation between exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and childhood anxiety, by looking at the altered neurochemistry in pre-adolescents. |
Multiple brain regions moderate and link depressive mood and pain Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT New research expands and deepens the association between clinical depression and pain, identifying specific regions of the brain that drive, influence and moderate depressive mood and its relationship to perceiving physical pain. |
Summit charts a course to uncover the origins of genetic diseases Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT A team used the 200-petaflop IBM AC922 Summit system, the world's smartest and most powerful supercomputer, to develop an integrative model of the transcription preinitiation complex (PIC), a complex of proteins vital to gene expression. |
Ecological factors influences the distribution of lionfish on deep reefs Posted: 21 May 2019 01:24 PM PDT Diver-led visual surveys at 11 mesophotic reef sites around Bermuda found that high densities of lionfish were associated with both higher abundances of prey fish and higher prey fish biomass. However, the influence of seawater temperature was found to have the strongest effect on lionfish distribution, with higher lionfish densities recorded at sites with lower bottom temperatures. These results suggest that cold-water upwelling may result in higher abundances of prey fish and lionfish. |
No yield benefit to higher plant populations Posted: 21 May 2019 10:56 AM PDT Scientists have reviewed plant population studies published in 2000 or later. They found that yield is optimized at about 15,000 plants per acre (1.1 seed per foot in 40-inch rows), and contrary to popular belief, there is no yield benefit to high populations. |
Dawn-to-sunset fasting suggests potential new treatment for obesity-related conditions Posted: 21 May 2019 10:56 AM PDT Fasting from dawn to sunset for 30 days increased levels of proteins that play a crucial role in improving insulin resistance and protecting against the risks from a high-fat, high-sugar diet, according to researchers. |
Statistical model could predict future disease outbreaks Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT Researchers have created a statistical method that may allow public health and infectious disease forecasters to better predict disease reemergence, especially for preventable childhood infections such as measles and pertussis. |
Insulin under the influence of light Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT By understanding how the brain links the effects of insulin to light, researchers are deciphering how insulin sensitivity fluctuates according to circadian cycles. At the heart of their discovery are neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, a part of the brain that masters this balance. These results should also encourage diabetic patients to consider the best time to take insulin to properly control its effect and limit the risk of hypoglycemia. |
Exercise: Psych patients' new primary prescription Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT A new study advocates for exercise as the primary method of treatment and intervention, rather than psychotropic medications, within inpatient psychiatric facilities. |
Stem cell differences could explain why women are more likely to develop adrenal cancer Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT Scientists have discovered a potential biological reason why women are more likely to develop adrenal disorders, including cancer. According to the researchers, the answer could lie in the increased turnover of hormone-producing cells found in the adrenal glands of females. |
Lake sediment records reveal recent floods in NW England (UK) unprecedented Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT A new study of UK lake sediment records stretching back over several centuries has found that the floods that hit Northern England in 2009 and 2015 ('Storm Desmond'),were the largest in 600 years, pointing to the impact of climate changes on the frequency and magnitude of these extreme events. |
Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT Chemists have synthesized the first ever functional non-native metal hydrogenase. |
Original kilogram replaced -- new International System of Units (SI) entered into force Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT In addition to other scientific units, the kilogram also is now defined by a natural constant. This is made possible by single crystals grown from highly enriched silicon-28. |
Tropical Pacific variability key for successful climate forecasts Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT The warming of the Earth by the human-caused greenhouse effect is progressing. But predictions for the next decades still show relatively large uncertainties. A research team has now identified the large natural variations in the tropical Pacific region as the key reason. |
Children of both young and old parents share risk for certain neurodevelopment disorders Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT Results of a new study reports that parental age is linked to the risk for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in children, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD); attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); and Tourette's disorder/chronic tic disorder (TD/CT). |
How usable is virtual reality? Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT Virtual reality is taking over ever more areas of our lives, so it is important that virtual worlds offer high usability. Until now, the only way to check was to conduct tests with volunteers -- time-consuming and cost-intensive. A new technology automatically detects many problems with user-friendliness and usability in the virtual environment. |
Successful HIV effort prompts call for clinics to expand mental health services on site Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT Increasing access to mental health services improves HIV outcomes among vulnerable patients, a new study suggests. Based on their findings, the researchers are urging HIV clinics to expand their mental health services on site. |
Blood proteins help predict risk of developing heart failure Posted: 21 May 2019 09:46 AM PDT Two blood proteins help predict more accurately the risk for heart attack, stroke and heart failure hospitalization. |
New opioid speeds up recovery without increasing pain sensitivity or risk of chronic pain Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT A new type of non-addictive opioid accelerates recovery time from pain compared to morphine without increasing pain sensitivity, according to a new study. |
Young athletes who require ACL reconstruction may benefit from additional procedure Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, an injury of the knee, can be devastating to a young athlete. While the ACL can be reconstructed through surgery, there is a high risk of re-injury in patients under the age of 25. In the largest clinical trial of its kind, researchers have shown that performing an additional surgical procedure called lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) may reduce the risk of ACL re-injury in young athletes. |
Distinct microbes found living next to corals Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT Symbiotic algae living inside corals provide those animals with their vibrant color, as well as many of the nutrients they need to survive. That algae, and other microbes within the bodies of corals, have been extensively studied -- yet until now, researchers have largely ignored the microbial communities just outside of the coral colonies. A new study describes microbes that live just a few centimeters from the surface of corals, laying the groundwork for future studies. |
Predicting properties of composite materials Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT Can the properties of composite materials be predicted? Scientists have mastered this feat and thus can help achieve research objectives faster. This leads, for instance, to better recycling techniques and electrically conductive synthetic materials for the solar industry. |
The cultural significance of carbon-storing peatlands to rural communities Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT A group of researchers have carried out the first detailed study of how rural communities interact with peatlands in the Peruvian Amazon, a landscape that is one of the world's largest stores of carbon. |
Discrimination against older people needs attention Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT Ever cracked a joke about old people? It might seem funny, but in a world where the population aged 60 or over is growing faster than all younger age groups, ageism is no laughing matter, says a researcher. |
How molecular escorts help prevent cancer Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT The anti-tumor protein p53 can decide on the life or death of a cell: If it detects damage in the cell's genome, the protein pushes the cell to suicide. New research shows that this inborn cancer prevention only works when special proteins, known as chaperones, allow it to take place. |
New framework improves performance of deep neural networks Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new framework for building deep neural networks via grammar-guided network generators. In experimental testing, the new networks -- called AOGNets -- have outperformed existing state-of-the-art frameworks, including the widely used ResNet and DenseNet systems, in visual recognition tasks. |
Baby tiger sharks eat songbirds Posted: 21 May 2019 09:45 AM PDT Tiger sharks have a reputation for being the 'garbage cans of the sea' -- they'll eat just about anything, from dolphins and sea turtles to rubber tires. And in a new study, scientists just discovered that baby tiger sharks eat birds. And not seabirds like gulls or pelicans -- familiar backyard birds like sparrows, woodpeckers, and doves. In short: Baby sharks, doo doo doo doo doo doo They eat birds, doo doo doo doo doo doo |
After GWAS studies, how to narrow the search for genes? Posted: 21 May 2019 09:40 AM PDT Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) often turn up a long list of genes that MIGHT help cause the trait of interest. Many algorithms can help scientists prioritize which genes to pursue further, but which one to choose? Borrowing from machine learning, and singling out one chromosome at a time, a new tool called Benchmarker helps scientists evaluate existing algorithms to guide their search for relevant genes. |
Cancer: Using 3D to test personalized treatments in five days Posted: 21 May 2019 07:29 AM PDT Researchers have devised a cell co-culture platform that reproduces a patient's tumor structure in 3D. The scientists can use it to test several drugs or their combinations at different stages of the tumor's development. They now need only five days to identify which treatment will be most effective for a particular case, and the combination can then be translated for clinical practice. |
Formation of the moon brought water to Earth Posted: 21 May 2019 07:15 AM PDT Earth has a large amount of water and a relatively large moon, which stabilizes Earth's axis. Both are essential for life to develop on our planet. Scientists have now been able to show that water came to Earth with the formation of the moon. |
Why lack of sleep is bad for your heart Posted: 21 May 2019 07:15 AM PDT People who sleep fewer than 7 hours per night have lower levels of gene-regulating molecules, or microRNAs, which help dampen down inflammation in cells and support vascular health. |
Bring on faster Internet: Device packs more into optical fiber Posted: 21 May 2019 07:15 AM PDT A research team has developed a light beam device that could lead to faster Internet, clearer images of space and more detailed medical imaging. |
Water formation on the Moon demonstrated Posted: 21 May 2019 07:14 AM PDT A new study has shown chemical, physical, and material evidence for water formation on the Moon. |
Toward zero hunger: More food or a smarter food system? Posted: 21 May 2019 07:14 AM PDT When thinking about ways to end global hunger, many scholars focus too narrowly on increasing crop yields while overlooking other critical aspects of the food system. |
Young children willing to punish misbehavior, even at personal cost Posted: 21 May 2019 07:14 AM PDT Children as young as three years old are willing to punish others' bad behavior, even at personal cost, finds a new study by psychology researchers. |
Inhibition of protein phosphorylation promotes optic nerve regeneration after injury Posted: 21 May 2019 07:14 AM PDT Research results suggest that the inhibition of phosphorylation of microtubule-binding protein CRMP2 could be a novel approach to the development of treatments for optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma and traumatic injury. |
CBD clinical trial results on seizure frequency in dogs 'encouraging' Posted: 21 May 2019 07:14 AM PDT Scientists have found in a small study that 89 percent of dogs who received CBD in the clinical trial had a reduction in the frequency of seizures. Nine dogs were treated with CBD, while seven in a control group were treated with a placebo. |
Children who walk to school less likely to be overweight or obese Posted: 21 May 2019 07:13 AM PDT Children who regularly walk or cycle to school are less likely to be overweight or obese than those who travel by car or public transport. |
What's the right amount of 'zapping' in epilepsy laser surgery? Posted: 21 May 2019 05:49 AM PDT A multicenter trial of minimally invasive laser surgery to treat epileptic seizures reveals approaches for better seizure control with fewer side effects. |
A better understanding of the von Willebrand Factor's A2 domain Posted: 21 May 2019 05:49 AM PDT A team of researchers is working to characterize the mysterious protein known as the Von Willebrand Factor (vWF). In a recent article, they advance experimental data for the shear-induced extensional response of vWF, using a microfluidic device and fluorescence microscopy. |
Scientists use molecular tethers, chemical 'light sabers' for tissue engineering Posted: 21 May 2019 05:49 AM PDT Researchers have unveiled a new strategy to keep proteins intact and functional in synthetic biomaterials for tissue engineering. Their approach modifies proteins at a specific point so that they can be chemically tethered to the scaffold using light. Since the tether can also be cut by laser light, this method can create evolving patterns of signal proteins throughout a biomaterial scaffold to grow tissues made up of different types of cells. |
In a first, researchers identify reddish coloring in an ancient fossil Posted: 21 May 2019 04:51 AM PDT Researchers have for the first time detected chemical traces of red pigment in an ancient fossil -- an exceptionally well-preserved mouse, not unlike today's field mice, that roamed the fields of what is now the German village of Willershausen around 3 million years ago. |
Road to cell death mapped in the Alzheimer's brain Posted: 21 May 2019 04:51 AM PDT Scientists have identified a new mechanism that accelerates aging in the brain and gives rise to the most devastating biological features of Alzheimer's disease. The findings also unify three long-standing theories behind the disease's origins into one cohesive narrative that explains how healthy cells become sick and gives scientists new avenues for screening compounds designed to slow or stop disease progression, something existing medications cannot do. |
Penguins and their chicks' responses to local fish numbers informs marine conservation Posted: 21 May 2019 04:51 AM PDT Endangered penguins respond rapidly to changes in local fish numbers, and monitoring them could inform fisheries management and marine conservation. |
Dead cells disrupt how immune cells respond to wounds and patrol for infection Posted: 21 May 2019 04:51 AM PDT Immune cells prioritize the clearance of dead cells overriding their normal migration to sites of injury. A research paves the way for new therapies to manipulate how white blood cells get to and are kept at sites of injuries during healing. |
Soy foods linked to fewer fractures in younger breast cancer survivors Posted: 21 May 2019 04:50 AM PDT A new study has found that diets high in soy foods are associated with a decreased risk of osteoporotic bone fractures in pre-menopausal breast cancer survivors. |
Head injury effects halted by xenon gas, finds first ever life-long study in mice Posted: 21 May 2019 04:50 AM PDT Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), xenon prevented early death, improved long-term cognition, and protected brain tissue in mice in a new study. |
Better way to transport life-saving vaccines Posted: 21 May 2019 04:50 AM PDT Researchers have invented a stable, affordable way to store fragile vaccines for weeks at a time at temperatures up to 40C, opening the way for life-saving anti-viral vaccines to reach remote and impoverished regions of the world. |
Human brain determines properties of objects using stats only Posted: 21 May 2019 04:50 AM PDT Researchers have identified how the human brain is able to determine the properties of a particular object using purely statistical information: a result which suggests there is an 'inner pickpocket' in all of us. |
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