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| Geology helps map kidney stone formation from tiny to troublesome Posted: 25 May 2021 05:38 PM PDT Advanced microscope technology and cutting-edge geological science are giving new perspectives to an old medical mystery: How do kidney stones form, why are some people more susceptible to them and can they be prevented? |
| Asthma medication use and exacerbations Posted: 25 May 2021 01:09 PM PDT How does the switch to a high-deductible health plan affect children with asthma? A new study suggests that enrollment in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) may not be associated with changes in asthma medication use or asthma exacerbations when medications are exempt from the deductible. |
| Candid cosmos: eROSITA cameras set benchmark for astronomical imaging Posted: 25 May 2021 01:09 PM PDT A team of scientists has developed the cameras for an astronomical instrument built to perform all-sky surveys in the x-ray wavelength regime. They highlight the features of the cameras, a key part of a telescope called eROSITA, describing the hardware development and ground testing, and report the performance aboard the satellite, opening doors to a deeper understanding of our cosmos. |
| Does cold wildfire smoke contribute to water repellent soils in burned areas? Posted: 25 May 2021 01:08 PM PDT After a wildfire, soils in burned areas often become water repellent, leading to increased erosion and flooding after rainfall events - a phenomenon that many scientists have attributed to smoke and heat-induced changes in soil chemistry. But this post-fire water repellency may also be caused by wildfire smoke in the absence of heat, according to a new article. |
| Non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analog reverses effects of stress in mouse study Posted: 25 May 2021 01:08 PM PDT A novel compound similar in structure to the psychedelic drug ibogaine, but lacking its toxic and hallucinogenic effects, has been found to rapidly reverse the effects of stress in mice. Researchers found that a single dose of tabernanthalog (TBG) can correct stress-induced behavioral deficits, including anxiety and cognitive inflexibility, and also promotes the regrowth of neuronal connections and restores neural circuits in the brain that are disrupted by stress. |
| Holograms increase solar energy yield Posted: 25 May 2021 01:08 PM PDT Researchers recently developed an innovative technique to capture the unused solar energy that illuminates a solar panel. They created special holograms that can be easily inserted into the solar panel package. This method can increase the amount of solar energy converted by the solar panel over the course of a year by about five percent. |
| Impact of coal burning on Yangtze River is comparable to natural processes Posted: 25 May 2021 01:08 PM PDT Fly ash from coal burning contributes between 37 and 72 percent of the organic carbon particles in the Yangtze River basin. |
| Probing deeper into origins of cosmic rays Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Researchers know cosmic rays originate from the multitude of stars in the Milky Way and other galaxies. The difficulty is tracing the particles to specific sources, because the turbulence of interstellar gas, plasma, and dust causes them to scatter and rescatter in different directions. Researchers developed a simulation model to better understand these and other cosmic ray transport characteristics, with the goal of developing algorithms to enhance existing detection techniques. |
| Silver attacks bacteria, gets 'consumed' Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT As antibiotic-resistant bacteria become more prevalent, silver has seen steep growth in its use in things like antibacterial coatings. Still, a better understanding can provide clues on how to best apply it. Researchers have now monitored the interaction of silver nanoparticles with a nearby E. coli culture and found the silver undergoes several dramatic changes. Most notably, the E. coli cells caused substantial transformations in the size and shape of the silver particles. |
| How to boost muscle regeneration and rebuild tissue Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT In work that could one day help athletes as well as aging adults regenerate tissue more effectively, scientists increased the regeneration of muscle cells in mice by activating the precursors of muscle cells. |
| Scientific software - Quality not always good Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Computational tools are indispensable in almost all scientific disciplines. Especially in cases where large amounts of research data are generated and need to be quickly processed, reliable, carefully developed software is crucial for analyzing and correctly interpreting such data. Nevertheless, scientific software can have quality quality deficiencies. To evaluate software quality in an automated way, computer scientists have designed the SoftWipe tool. |
| Is deference to supernatural beings present in infancy? Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT From shamans and mystics to cult leaders and divine kings, why have people throughout history accorded high status to people believed to have supernatural powers? According to a new study, this tendency to attribute social dominance to such individuals is rooted in early development. |
| New details on what happened in the first microsecond of Big Bang Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Researchers have investigated what happened to a specific kind of plasma - the first matter ever to be present - during the first microsecond of Big Bang. Their findings provide a piece of the puzzle to the evolution of the universe, as we know it today. |
| Immune cells imperfect at distinguishing between friend and foe Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT When it comes to distinguishing a healthy cell from an infected one that needs to be destroyed, the immune system's killer T cells sometimes make mistakes. |
| Superflimsy graphene turned ultrastiff by optical forging Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Graphene is an ultrathin material characterized by its ultrasmall bending modulus, superflimsiness. Now researchers have demonstrated how an experimental technique called optical forging can make graphene ultrastiff, increase its stiffness by several orders of magnitude. |
| 'Rejuvenating' the Alzheimer's brain Posted: 25 May 2021 08:37 AM PDT Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of dementia and current therapeutic strategies cannot prevent, slow down or cure the pathology. The disease is characterized by memory loss, caused by the degeneration and death of neuronal cells in several regions of the brain, including the hippocampus. Researchers have identified a small molecule that can be used to rejuvenate the brain and counteract the memory loss. |
| The hunt for drugs to neutralize critical enzymes Posted: 25 May 2021 08:36 AM PDT Scientists explore racemases and propose strategies for finding drugs that target these important enzymes. |
| Researchers seek deeper understanding on how cells in the body operate Posted: 25 May 2021 08:36 AM PDT Cells sense and respond to the mechanical properties of the cellular microenvironment in the body. Changes in these properties, which occur in a number of human pathologies, including cancer, can elicit abnormal responses from cells. How the cells adapt to such changes in the mechanical microenvironment is not well understood. |
| Quantum electronics: 'Bite' defects in bottom-up graphene nanoribbons Posted: 25 May 2021 08:36 AM PDT Scientists have identified a new type of defect as the most common source of disorder in on-surface synthesized graphene nanoribbons, a novel class of carbon-based materials that may prove extremely useful in next-generation electronic devices. The researchers identified the atomic structure of these so-called 'bite' defects and investigated their effect on quantum electronic transport. These kinds of defective zigzag-edged nanoribbons may provide suitable platforms for certain applications in spintronics. |
| Technique to evaluate wind turbines may boost wind power production Posted: 25 May 2021 08:36 AM PDT With a global impetus toward utilizing more renewable energy sources, wind presents a promising, increasingly tapped resource. Despite the many technological advancements made in upgrading wind-powered systems, a systematic and reliable way to assess competing technologies has been a challenge. Researchers have used advanced data science methods and ideas from the social sciences to compare the performance of different wind turbine designs. |
| Does the Milky Way move like a spinning top? Posted: 25 May 2021 07:17 AM PDT An investigation carried out by the astrophysicists questions one of the most interesting findings about the dynamics of the Milky Way in recent years: that the precession, or the wobble in the axis of rotation of the disc warp is incorrect. |
| From harmless skin bacteria to dreaded pathogens Posted: 25 May 2021 07:17 AM PDT An international research team discovers additional component in staphylococcal cell wall that turns the bacterium potentially deadly. |
| Egyptian fossil surprise: Fishes thrived in tropics in ancient warm period, despite high ocean temps Posted: 25 May 2021 07:17 AM PDT The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, or PETM, was a short interval of highly elevated global temperatures 56 million years ago that is frequently described as the best ancient analog for present-day climate warming. |
| Data from smartwatches can help predict clinical blood test results Posted: 25 May 2021 07:17 AM PDT Smartwatches and other wearable devices may be used to sense illness, dehydration and even changes to the red blood cell count, according to biomedical engineers and genomics researchers. |
| Machine learning platform identifies activated neurons in real-time Posted: 25 May 2021 07:16 AM PDT Biomedical engineers have developed an automatic process that uses streamlined artificial intelligence (AI) to identify active neurons in videos faster and more accurately than current techniques. The technology should allow researchers to watch an animal's brain activity in real time, as they are behaving. |
| AI spots neurons better than human experts Posted: 25 May 2021 07:16 AM PDT A combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT), adaptive optics and deep neural networks can easily and precisely track changes in the number and shape of retinal ganglion cells in the eye. This new AI-driven method can enable better diagnosis and monitoring for neuron-damaging eye and brain diseases like glaucoma. |
| Synchrotron X-ray experiment reveals a small nudge with big consequences Posted: 25 May 2021 07:16 AM PDT QUT researchers have used experimental x-ray techniques at the Australian Synchrotron to gain fundamental insights into how gypsum dehydrates under pressure and the processes that create earthquakes. |
| 'Slow slip' earthquakes' hidden mechanics revealed Posted: 25 May 2021 07:16 AM PDT Scientists have used seismic 'CT' scans and supercomputers to reveal the inner workings of a region off the coast of New Zealand known to produce slow motion tremors, also called slow slip earthquakes. The insights help scientists pinpoint why tectonic energy at subduction zones is sometimes released gently as slow slip, and other times as devastating, high-magnitude earthquakes. |
| Conservation success leads to new challenges for endangered mountain gorillas Posted: 25 May 2021 07:16 AM PDT The first species-wide survey of parasite infections across the entire range of the mountain gorilla indicates new challenges ahead for the endangered species as its population grows. |
| Road verges provide opportunity for wildflowers, bees and trees Posted: 25 May 2021 07:16 AM PDT Road verges cover 1.2% of land in Great Britain - an area the size of Dorset - and could be managed to help wildlife, new research shows. |
| Narcissism linked to aggression in review of 437 studies Posted: 25 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT A comprehensive analysis of 437 studies from around the world provides the best evidence to date that narcissism is an important risk factor for both aggression and violence, researchers said. The link between narcissism and aggression was found for all dimensions of narcissism and for a variety of types of aggression. Results were similar regardless of gender, age, whether they were college students, or country of residence. |
| Soft X-ray method promises nanocarrier breakthroughs for smart medicine Posted: 25 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT A new technique using chemically-sensitive 'soft' X-rays offers a simpler, non-disruptive way of gaining insight into nanocarriers. Currently researchers have to rely on attaching fluorescent dyes or heavy metals to label parts of organic nanocarrier structures for investigation, often changing them in the process. Researchers have demonstrated the capability of the new X-ray method on a smart drug delivery nanoparticle and a polysoap nanostructure intended to capture crude oil spilled in the ocean. |
| Mothers' depression impacts mother-infant relationships Posted: 25 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT Research has found that women with depression during pregnancy, or with a history of depression, had a reduced quality of mother-infant interaction at both eight weeks and 12 months after their babies were born. |
| Quantum sensing: Odd angles make for strong spin-spin coupling Posted: 25 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT A new study finds a unique form of tunable and ultrastrong spin-spin interactions in orthoferrites under a strong magnetic field. The discovery has implications for quantum simulation and sensing. |
| Engineering matter at the atomic level Posted: 25 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT Researchers have developed a way to use a 'dry transfer technique' -- a technique that uses no solvent -- to position optical quality carbon nanotubes in a precise way. |
| Press (re)play to remember - How the brain strengthens memories during sleep Posted: 25 May 2021 05:43 AM PDT While we sleep, the brain produces particular activation patterns. When two of these patterns - slow oscillations and sleep spindles - gear into each other, previous experiences are reactivated. The stronger the reactivation, the clearer will be our recall of past events, a new study reveals. |
| Delivering serendipity: Seemingly random product discovery, aided by technology Posted: 25 May 2021 05:42 AM PDT Marketers can capitalize on the power of serendipity to increase consumer satisfaction. |
| Intermittent fasting in mice effective at promoting long term memory retention Posted: 24 May 2021 06:55 PM PDT Intermittent Fasting (IF) is an effective means of improving long term memory retention and generating new adult hippocampal neurons in mice. Researchers hope that this has the potential to slow the advance of cognitive decline in older people. |
| Milky Way not unusual, astronomers find Posted: 24 May 2021 01:18 PM PDT The first detailed cross-section of a galaxy broadly similar to the Milky Way reveals that our galaxy evolved gradually, instead of being the result of a violent mash-up. The finding throws the origin story of our home into doubt. |
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