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| Where are the Foreigners of the First International Age? Posted: 30 Jun 2021 02:36 PM PDT A new study reports genetic and oxygen and strontium isotopic data for individuals buried at Alalakh, finding little evidence for the foreigners mentioned in texts. |
| Keep your friends close, cortisol levels low for life Posted: 30 Jun 2021 02:36 PM PDT An interdisciplinary team has determined that older adult women converse more effectively with strangers than their younger counterparts; additionally, communicating with female friends decreases stress hormone levels for women across the lifespan. |
| Protein 'big bang' reveals molecular makeup for medicine and bioengineering Posted: 30 Jun 2021 01:37 PM PDT A new study maps the evolutionary history and interrelationships of protein domains, the subunits of protein molecules, over 3.8 billion years. |
| Research lays groundwork for restoring lost oral functions with pacemaker-like devices Posted: 30 Jun 2021 01:37 PM PDT Even the mundane act of swallowing requires a well-coordinated dance of more than 30 muscles of the mouth. The loss of function of even one of these, due to disease or injury, can be extremely debilitating. For these people, nerve stimulation offers a ray of hope to regain some of their lost oral function. |
| Posted: 30 Jun 2021 01:37 PM PDT Researchers propose a scheme to identify and weigh the quantum orbits in strong-field tunneling ionization. |
| Astronauts demonstrate CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in space Posted: 30 Jun 2021 11:16 AM PDT Researchers have developed and successfully demonstrated a novel method for studying how cells repair damaged DNA in space. |
| Variations in quantitative MRI scanners' measurements Posted: 30 Jun 2021 11:16 AM PDT Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in medicine to detect, diagnose and treat diseases such as cancer, while relying on experts' interpretation of images. Quantitative MRI, which obtains numerical measurements during the scans, can now potentially offer greater accuracy, repeatability and speed -- but rigorous quality control is needed for it to reach its full potential, according to a new study. |
| 5-minute breathing workout lowers blood pressure as much as exercise, drugs Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:50 AM PDT A new study shows that a breathing exercise known as Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training can reduce blood pressure in weeks, with benefits on par with daily exercise or medication. |
| How plants quickly adapt to shifting environmental conditions Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:50 AM PDT Researchers offers a new understanding of how gene activity directs plant growth, and how quickly plants respond to their environment -- with shifting light conditions triggering molecular changes in as little as five minutes. The findings provide insights into how to increase yield and safeguard world food production as climate change shrinks the planet's arable land. |
| Machine learning helps in predicting when immunotherapy will be effective Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:50 AM PDT Cancer cells can put the body's immune cells into sleep mode. Immunotherapy can reverse this, but it doesn't work for all patients and all cancer types. Researchers have now developed machine learning models that can predict if someone is likely to respond positively to immunotherapy. In clinical settings, this could pave the way for personalized immunotherapy approaches for patients, as well as guidance on how to best combine immunotherapy with other treatments. |
| Antibiotic-resistant bacteria found in cattle Posted: 30 Jun 2021 10:50 AM PDT New research shows that there may be more antimicrobial-resistant salmonella in our food animals than scientists previously thought. |
| Common errors in internet energy analysis Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:54 AM PDT When it comes to understanding and predicting trends in energy use, the internet is a tough nut to crack. So say energy researchers in two recent articles that discuss the pitfalls that plague estimates of the internet's energy and carbon impacts. |
| Frequent COVID-19 testing key to efficient, early detection, study finds Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:54 AM PDT The chance of detecting the virus that causes COVID-19 increases with more frequent testing, no matter the type of test, a new study found. Both polymerase chain reaction and antigen tests, paired with rapid results reporting, can achieve 98 percent sensitivity if deployed at least every three days. |
| 'Plugging in' to produce environmentally friendly bioplastics Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:54 AM PDT Bioplastics -- biodegradable plastics made from biological substances rather than petroleum -- can be created in a more economical and environmentally friendly way from the byproducts of corn stubble, grasses and mesquite agricultural production, according to a new study. |
| Digging into the molecules of fossilized dinosaur eggshells Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:54 AM PDT Dinosaurs roamed the Earth more than 65 million years ago, and paleontologists and amateur fossil hunters are still unearthing traces of them today. The minerals in fossilized eggs and shell fragments provide snapshots into these creatures' early lives, as well as their fossilization processes. Now, researchers have analyzed the molecular makeup of fossilized dinosaur eggshells from Mexico, finding nine amino acids and evidence of ancient protein structures. |
| Human stem cells enable model to test drug impact on brain's blood barrier Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:54 AM PDT Using an experimental model to simulate the blood-brain barrier, scientists reported in unprecedented detail how antioxidants protect the brain from inflammation caused by such neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. |
| Fecal records show Maya population affected by climate change Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:54 AM PDT A new study has shown that the size of the Maya population in the lowland city of Itzan (in present-day Guatemala) varied over time in response to climate change. The findings show that both droughts and very wet periods led to important population declines. |
| Floods may be nearly as important as droughts for future carbon accounting Posted: 30 Jun 2021 09:54 AM PDT In a 34-year global analysis, researchers found that photosynthesis -- an important process for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in soil -- was controlled by extreme wet events nearly as often as droughts in certain locations. |
| Researchers look to human 'social sensors' to better predict elections and other trends Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT Researchers can gather highly accurate information about social trends and groups by asking about a person's social circle rather than interrogating their own individual beliefs. |
| A future ocean that is too warm for corals might have half as many fish species Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT Predicting the potential effects of coral loss on fish communities globally is a fundamental task, especially considering that reef fishes provide protein to millions of people. A new study predicts how fish diversity will respond to declines in coral diversity and shows that future coral loss might cause a more than 40% reduction in reef fish diversity globally. |
| NIST laser 'comb' systems now measure all primary greenhouse gases in the air Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT Researchers at NIST have upgraded their laser frequency-comb instrument to simultaneously measure three airborne greenhouse gases -- nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and water vapor -- plus the major air pollutants ozone and carbon monoxide. |
| Employed individuals more likely to contract the flu, study shows Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT Researchers found that employed individuals, on average, are 35.3% more likely to be infected with the flu virus. |
| Better method to predict offshore wind power Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT Researchers have developed a machine learning model using a physics-based simulator and real-world meteorological data to better predict offshore wind power. |
| Rattlesnakes may like climate change Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT When it comes to climate change, not all organisms will lose out. A new study finds that rattlesnakes are likely to benefit from a warming climate. A combination of factors makes a warming climate beneficial to rattlesnakes that are found in almost every part of the continental United States but are especially common in the Southwest. |
| Mixing it up: A low-cost way to make efficient, stable perovskite solar cells Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT By using a fluid mixing process instead of expensive, high-temperature fabrication methods, researchers may have demonstrated a pathway to producing flexible, printed solar cells on a cost effective, industrial scale. |
| New research lifts the clouds on land clearing and biodiversity loss Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT A new mathematical model has been developed to uncover land clearing when satellite imagery is obstructed by clouds. |
| New beetle species found pristinely preserved in fossilized dropping of dinosaur ancestor Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT Fossilized feces are common finds at paleontological dig sites and might actually contain hidden treasures. By scanning fossilized dung assigned to a close dinosaur relative from the Triassic period, scientists discovered a 230-million-year-old beetle species, representing a new family of beetles, previously unknown to science. The beetles were preserved in a 3D state with their legs and antennae fully intact. |
| During epic migrations, great snipes fly at surprising heights by day and lower by night Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:54 AM PDT A stocky marsh bird with a 20-inch wingspan, great snipes are also speedy marathoners that can migrate from Sweden to Central Africa in just three days, without stopping to eat, drink, or sleep. Now, researchers find that snipes also rise nearly 2,500 meters in elevation at dawn and descend again at dusk each day, perhaps to avoid overheating from daytime solar radiation by climbing higher. |
| Embryo freezing for IVF appears linked to blood pressure problems in pregnancy Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:53 AM PDT A large cohort study drawn from the national IVF registry of France, which included almost 70,000 pregnancies delivered after 22 weeks gestation between 2013 and 2018, has found a higher risk of pre-eclampsia and hypertension in pregnancies derived from frozen-thawed embryos. This risk was found significantly greater in those treatments in which the uterus was prepared for implantation with hormone replacement therapies. The results confirm with real-life data what has been observed in sub-groups of patients in other studies. |
| Eating disorder behaviors alter reward response in brain Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:53 AM PDT A new study found that eating disorder behaviors alter the brain's reward response process and food intake control circuitry, which can reinforce the behaviors. |
| Investigational malaria vaccine gives strong, lasting protection Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:53 AM PDT Two U.S. Phase 1 clinical trials of a novel candidate malaria vaccine have found that the regimen conferred unprecedentedly high levels of durable protection when volunteers were later exposed to disease-causing malaria parasites. The vaccine combines live parasites with either of two widely used antimalarial drugs -- an approach termed chemoprophylaxis vaccination. A Phase 2 clinical trial of the vaccine is now underway in Mali, a malaria-endemic country. |
| Cross-generational consequences of lead poisoning Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:53 AM PDT Scientists have shown that environmental lead poisoning in children affects not only their own health and wellbeing, but the vitality and mental health of their mothers, as well. |
| Astronomers have identified a white dwarf so massive that it might collapse Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:53 AM PDT Astronomers have identified an extremely magnetized and rapidly rotating ultra-massive white dwarf. Several telescopes characterized the dead star. |
| Thinking in 3D improves mathematical skills Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:53 AM PDT Spatial reasoning ability in small children reflects how well they will perform in mathematics later. Researchers recently came to this conclusion, making the case for better cultivation of spatial reasoning. |
| Technology only two atoms thick could enable storage of information in thinnest unit Posted: 30 Jun 2021 08:48 AM PDT The new technology, enabling the storage of information in the thinnest unit known to science, is expected to improve future electronic devices in terms of density, speed, and efficiency. The allowed quantum-mechanical electron tunneling through the atomically thin film may boost the information reading process much beyond current technologies. The technology involves laterally sliding one-atom-thick layers of boron and nitrogen one over the other -- a new way to switch electric polarization on/off. |
| The Southern diet - fried foods and sugary drinks - may raise risk of sudden cardiac death Posted: 30 Jun 2021 06:14 AM PDT Participants in a large-scale study who more commonly consumed a Southern-style diet - high in added fats, fried foods, processed meats and sugary drinks - had a higher risk of sudden cardiac death than people who had lower adherence to a Southern-style diet. |
| Slowing down grape ripening can improve fruit quality for winemaking Posted: 30 Jun 2021 06:14 AM PDT Wine grapes are particularly finicky when it comes to their environment. For instance, heatwaves and droughts lead to earlier berry ripening and lackluster wine. And these types of episodes are expected to intensify as Earth's climate changes. Now, researchers have tweaked growing conditions for Cabernet Sauvignon grapes to slow down their ripening, which increased the levels of compounds associated with wine's characteristic floral and fruity notes. |
| Prevalence of COVID-19 among hospitalized infants varies with levels of community transmission Posted: 30 Jun 2021 06:14 AM PDT How common COVID-19 is among infants may depend on the degree of the pandemic virus circulating in a community. |
| Scientists intensify electrolysis, utilize carbon dioxide more efficiently with magnets Posted: 30 Jun 2021 06:13 AM PDT A promising approach captures atmospheric carbon dioxide and then through CO2 electrolysis converts it into value-added chemicals and intermediates, like ethanol. Reducing the energy consumption of this high-power process has been underexplored. Researchers report a new opportunity to use magnetism to reduce the energy required for CO2 electrolysis by up to 60% in a flow electrolyzer. |
| Wildfire changes songbird plumage and testosterone Posted: 30 Jun 2021 06:13 AM PDT Following habitat-destroying wildfires, researchers found many male red-backed fairywrens failed to molt into their ornamental plumage, making them less attractive to potential mates. They also had lowered circulating testosterone, which has been associated with their showy feathers. The birds' fat stores and stress hormone corticosterone remained at normal levels. While the findings are specific to this songbird, they may have implications for other species that don special coloration for mating. |
| Discovery of the role of a key gene in the development of ALS Posted: 30 Jun 2021 06:13 AM PDT Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, attacks nerve cells known as motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, gradually leading to paralysis. The loss of function of an important gene, C9orf72, may affect communication between motor neurons and muscles in people with this disease. |
| Jackdaws don't console traumatized mates Posted: 29 Jun 2021 04:17 PM PDT Male jackdaws don't stick around to console their mate after a traumatic experience, new research shows. |
| Turning plastic into foam to combat pollution Posted: 29 Jun 2021 01:13 PM PDT Researchers have developed a method to turn biodegradable plastic knives, spoons, and forks into a foam that can be used as insulation in walls or in flotation devices. The investigators placed the cutlery into a chamber filled with carbon dioxide. As pressure increased, the gas dissolved into the plastic. When they suddenly released the pressure in the chamber, the carbon dioxide expanded within the plastic, creating foaming. |
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