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| Archaeologists discover salt workers’ residences at underwater Maya site Posted: 19 Nov 2021 02:12 PM PST Maya archaeologists have excavated salt kitchens where brine was boiled in clay pots over fires in pole and thatch buildings preserved in oxygen-free sediment below the sea floor in Belize. But where these salt workers lived has been elusive, leaving possible interpretations of daily or seasonal workers from the coast or even inland. This gap left nagging questions about the organization of production and distribution. |
| Role of psychotherapists in treatment effectiveness Posted: 19 Nov 2021 12:56 PM PST New research shows that different psychotherapists use common treatment processes to varying benefits for patients. |
| Novel artificial genomic DNA can replicate and evolve outside the cell Posted: 19 Nov 2021 12:56 PM PST Scientists successfully induced gene expression from a DNA and evolution through continuous replication extracellularly using cell-free materials alone for the first time. By adding the genes necessary for transcription and translation to the artificial genomic DNA, it could be possible to develop artificial cells that can grow autonomously, and it will be expected to produce efficient useful substances. |
| A genetic change for achieving a long and healthy life? Posted: 19 Nov 2021 12:56 PM PST Researchers presented new insights for improving the health span by just regulating the activity of a protein. A research group has identified a single amino acid change in the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) that dramatically extends healthy periods while maintaining longevity. |
| Breeding plants with genes from one parent Posted: 19 Nov 2021 12:54 PM PST Scientists are a step closer to breeding plants with genes from only one parent. New research led by plant biologists at UC Davis shows the underlying mechanism behind eliminating half the genome and could make for easier and more rapid breeding of crop plants with desirable traits such as disease resistance. |
| Wearable tech confirms wear-and-tear of work commute Posted: 19 Nov 2021 05:51 AM PST Information about worker commutes from smartphones and fitness trackers can predict individual job performance, according to a new study. |
| Scientists key in on brain’s mechanism for singing, learning Posted: 19 Nov 2021 05:51 AM PST New research reveals that specialized cells within neural circuitry that triggers complex learning in songbirds bears a striking resemblance to a type of neural cell associated with the development of fine motor skills in the cortex of the human brain. |
| Two is better than one: Single-atom dimer electrocatalyst for green hydrogen production Posted: 19 Nov 2021 05:51 AM PST Nickel-cobalt metal dimer on nitrogen-doped carbon can catalyze electrolysis under both acidic and basic conditions. |
| Researchers use model of hypothalamus to implicate genes associated with sleep, BMI, puberty Posted: 19 Nov 2021 05:51 AM PST A new study has implicated several genes involved in a variety of bodily functions associated with the hypothalamus, a notoriously difficult-to-study region of the brain. The findings could help clinicians identify potential causes of dysfunction for many important traits regulated by the hypothalamus, such as sleep, stress, and reproduction. |
| Specific facial features can help distinguish children from adults Posted: 19 Nov 2021 05:49 AM PST Identifying specific facial features that can be used to distinguish a child's face from an adult's may offer a useful tool for determining whether children are depicted in indecent images of children, according to new research. |
| Scientists capture humor’s earliest emergence Posted: 18 Nov 2021 05:38 PM PST Young children's ability to laugh and make jokes has been mapped by age for the first time using data from a new study involving nearly 700 children from birth to 4 years of age, from around the world. The findings identify the earliest age humor emerges and how it typically builds in the first years of life. |
| 'Deepfaking the mind' could improve brain-computer interfaces for people with disabilities Posted: 18 Nov 2021 05:36 PM PST Researchers are using generative adversarial networks (GANs) -- technology best known for creating deepfake videos and photorealistic human faces -- to improve brain-computer interfaces for people with disabilities. The team successfully taught an AI to generate synthetic brain activity data. The data, specifically neural signals called spike trains, can be fed into machine-learning algorithms to improve the usability of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). |
| Dengue’s dance: Host immunity drives viral evolution Posted: 18 Nov 2021 05:34 PM PST New research provides evidence that host immunity drives evolution of the dengue virus. The research analyzes two decades of genetic variation from Thailand alongside population-level measures of infection and immunity. |
| Chronic stress and depression boost this brain receptor; a new study maps out how to block it Posted: 18 Nov 2021 05:34 PM PST Eliminating GPR158 activity in stressed mice made them resistant to depression and anxiety. A new study in the journal Science reveals the unusual brain receptor's structure, and possible ways a medication might reduce its sway. |
| The brain uses bodily signals to regulate fear Posted: 18 Nov 2021 05:34 PM PST Fear is essential for survival, but must be well regulated to avoid harmful behaviors such as panic attacks or exaggerated risk taking. Scientists have now demonstrated in mice that the brain relies on the body's feedback to regulate fear. The brain's insular cortex strongly reacts to stimuli signaling danger. However, when the body freezes in response to fear, the heartbeat slows down leading to attenuated insular cortex activity. Processing these opposing signals helps the insular cortex to keep fear in balance. The body's reactions are thus actively used to regulate emotions and are much more than passive emotional responses. |
| New cell discovered and shown to regulate heart rate Posted: 18 Nov 2021 05:34 PM PST Researchers discovered a new type of cell in the heart that may help regulate heart rate, and could be an important key in understanding certain types of congenital heart defects and other diseases that involve the heart. |
| Groundwater in California’s Central Valley may be unable to recover from past and future droughts Posted: 18 Nov 2021 05:34 PM PST Groundwater in California's Central Valley is at risk of being depleted by pumping too much water during and after droughts. Under a best-case scenario, the researchers found there is a high probability it would take six to eight years to fully recover overdrafted water, but current California climate projections suggest realistic recovery times are even longer. |
| New imaging technology may reduce need for skin biopsies Posted: 18 Nov 2021 05:30 PM PST A new 'virtual histology' technology shows promise by analyzing images of suspicious-looking lesions and quickly producing a detailed, microscopic image of the skin, bypassing several standard steps typically used for diagnosis -- including skin biopsy, tissue fixation, processing, sectioning and histochemical staining. |
| ‘Surgery selfies’ could spot serious infections early Posted: 18 Nov 2021 03:15 AM PST Smartphone pictures of post-surgical wounds taken by patients and then assessed by clinicians can help with the early identification of infections, a study has found. |
| Study links stress to Crohn’s disease flare-ups Posted: 18 Nov 2021 03:15 AM PST Researchers using mouse models found that stress hormones suppressed the innate immune system that normally protects the gut from invasive Enterobacteriaceae, a group of bacteria including E. coli which has been linked to Crohn's disease. |
| Earthquakes and extreme rainfall lead to a significant increase in the rates of landslides in Nepal Posted: 18 Nov 2021 03:15 AM PST Researchers outline how they were able to establish a clear pattern between the strength of the monsoon season in Nepal and the amount of landsliding over a 30-year period between 1988 and 2018. |
| Plumbing the depths: Defect distribution in ion-implanted SiC diodes Posted: 18 Nov 2021 03:14 AM PST Introducing a vertical arrangement of n and p layers into the drift layer of semiconductors to enable bipolar operation is a way around the 'unipolar limit' problem in semiconductors. But defect generation during the fabrication of such devices is a matter of concern. Researchers have examined the depth and distribution of defects formed by aluminum ion implantation in silicon carbide bipolar diodes to identify ways to induce efficient conductivity modulation. |
| Different kinds of marine phytoplankton respond differently to warming ocean temperatures Posted: 17 Nov 2021 06:16 PM PST A team of researchers has concluded that different types of phytoplankton will react differently to increasing ocean temperatures resulting from the changing climate. An examination of how four key groups of phytoplankton will respond to ocean temperatures forecast to occur between 2080 and 2100 suggests that their growth rates and distribution patterns will likely be dissimilar, resulting in significant implications for the future composition of marine communities around the globe. |
| Warning over antibiotic-resistant bacteria Posted: 17 Nov 2021 06:16 PM PST Significant levels of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been found at locations in and around Cambridge, England. The researchers found potentially dangerous Pseudomonas bacteria in over a fifth of samples collected close to the River Cam. |
| Study challenges standard ideas about piezoelectricity in ferroelectric crystals Posted: 17 Nov 2021 06:15 PM PST For years, researchers believed that the smaller the domain size in a ferroelectric crystal, the greater the piezoelectric properties of the material. However, recent findings have raised questions about this standard rule. |
| Alien organisms – hitchhikers of the galaxy? Posted: 17 Nov 2021 01:14 PM PST Scientists warn, without good biosecurity measures 'alien organisms' on Earth may become a reality stranger than fiction. Scientists are calling for greater recognition of the biosecurity risks ahead of the space industry. |
| Food scientists create zinc index for human body Posted: 17 Nov 2021 01:14 PM PST Zinc deficiency is prevalent around the world, and among children, these mineral shortfalls can lead to stunting, embryonic malformations and neurobehavioral abnormalities. Over several decades, science has improved understanding of zinc metabolism, but an accurate, comprehensive assessment tool for its physiological status within a human body has remained elusive. Until now. |
| Chemistry breakthrough leads way to more sustainable pharmaceuticals Posted: 17 Nov 2021 01:13 PM PST Chemistry researchers have developed a new method using blue light to create pharmaceuticals in a more sustainable way, significantly reducing the amount of energy needed and the chemical waste created in the manufacture process. |
| Advanced microscopes help scientists understand how cells break down proteins Posted: 17 Nov 2021 08:51 AM PST Researchers have used advanced electron microscopes to delve deeper into the process of protein degradation. They described the structure of a key enzyme that helps mediate ubiquitination in yeast, part of a cellular process called the N-degron pathway that may be responsible for determining the rate of degradation for up to 80% of equivalent proteins in humans. |
| How herpes checks into the nervous system for life Posted: 17 Nov 2021 08:51 AM PST More than half of U.S. adults are carriers of HSV1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) which hibernates in the peripheral nervous system and can never be eradicated. A new study has uncovered herpes' sneaky strategy for infecting the nervous system, opening a door to long-needed vaccine development for both HSV1 and its close sibling HSV2. |
| Unvaccinated: The kids aren’t alright Posted: 16 Nov 2021 05:15 PM PST Close to 10 million children in lower-income countries have never been vaccinated against any infectious disease. These 'zero-dose' kids hold a lesson for all of us, says a public-health expert. |
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