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| Earth’s interior is cooling faster than expected Posted: 14 Jan 2022 08:56 AM PST Researchers have demonstrated in the lab how well a mineral common at the boundary between the Earth's core and mantle conducts heat. This leads them to suspect that the Earth's heat may dissipate sooner than previously thought. |
| Meet a colorful but colorblind spider Posted: 14 Jan 2022 07:30 AM PST An international team of researchers found that the brightly colored jumping spider Saitis barbipes could not see its own vivid reds. |
| Past eight years: Warmest since modern recordkeeping began Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:01 PM PST Earth's global average surface temperature in 2021 tied with 2018 as the sixth warmest on record, according to independent analyses done by NASA and NOAA. Collectively, the past eight years are the warmest years since modern recordkeeping began in 1880. |
| Unusual team finds gigantic planet hidden in plain sight Posted: 13 Jan 2022 04:41 PM PST An astronomer and a group of eagle-eyed citizen scientists have discovered a giant gas planet hidden from view by typical stargazing tools. |
| Risky food-finding strategy could be the key to human success Posted: 13 Jan 2022 04:41 PM PST When it comes to feeding behavior, humans are the inefficient gas-guzzlers of the primate family, according to a new study of hunter-gatherer energy budgets. Unlike our herbivorous cousins who spend much of the day lounging while chewing their fibrous diets, early humans made high-risk, high-energy investments in finding big calories they could share with the group. And that in turn, likely led to free time and culture. |
| Copper-based chemicals may be contributing to ozone depletion Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:14 PM PST As Earth's ozone layer recovers from past emissions of now-banned CFCs and halons, other chemicals are emerging as major causes of stratospheric ozone depletion. Atmospheric scientists have been searching for the sources of about one-third of the major threats, methyl bromide and methyl chloride. New research shows that copper-based compounds in common use generate these compounds when interacting with soil and seawater, with sunlight boosting production by a factor of 10. |
| Unlocking the mysteries of the pecking order Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:14 PM PST Dominance hierarchies were first described in chickens a century ago by a Norwegian zoologist who coined the term 'pecking order.' Since then researchers have examined the intricacies of conflict and competition in species as diverse as primates, whales, birds and insects. |
| Newly-found planets on the edge of destruction Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:14 PM PST Astronomers have found three Jupiter-like exoplanets that are dangerously close to being 'swallowed up' by their host stars. The discovery gives new insight into how planetary systems evolve over time, helping to reveal the fate of solar systems like our own. |
| Dried goji berries may provide protection against age-related vision loss Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:13 PM PST Regularly eating a small serving of dried goji berries may provide protection against age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of vision loss in seniors. |
| Lost birds and mammals spell doom for some plants Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:13 PM PST In one of the first studies of its kind, researchers have gauged how biodiversity loss of birds and mammals will impact plants' chances of adapting to human-induced climate warming. |
| Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:13 PM PST Plants need an internal communication system to coordinate their development and growth. Within a plant, cells message each other with pieces of RNA. A professor discovered a protein that carries these RNA messages between cells. Tinkering with this communication system may help crops grow better and adapt faster to their environment. |
| Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:13 PM PST Organic molecules found in a meteorite that hurtled to Earth from Mars were synthesized during interactions between water and rocks that occurred on the Red Planet about 4 billion years ago, according to new analysis. |
| Epstein-Barr virus may be leading cause of multiple sclerosis Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:13 PM PST A new study provides compelling evidence of causality between Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. It suggests that most MS cases could be prevented by stopping EBV infection, and that targeting EBV could lead to the discovery of a cure for MS. |
| Human immune system uses ancient family of cell death proteins also found in bacteria Posted: 13 Jan 2022 12:13 PM PST The human immune system, that marvel of complexity, subtlety, and sophistication, includes a billion-year-old family of proteins used by bacteria to defend themselves against viruses, scientists have discovered. |
| Bald eagle rebound stunted by poisoning from lead ammunition Posted: 13 Jan 2022 09:07 AM PST A new study finds that despite increasing numbers of bald eagles, poisoning from eating dead carcasses or parts contaminated by lead shot has reduced population growth by 4% to 6% annually in the Northeast. |
| New insights into seasons on a planet outside our solar system Posted: 13 Jan 2022 09:07 AM PST Imagine being in a place where the winds are so strong that they move at the speed of sound. That's just one aspect of the atmosphere on XO-3b, one of a class of exoplanets (planets outside our solar system), known as hot Jupiters. The eccentric orbit of the planet also leads to seasonal variations hundreds of times stronger than what we experience on Earth. |
| Scientists dive deep into the different effects of morning and evening exercise Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:15 AM PST Exercise causes the body to release hundreds of different signals that improve our health in many different ways. Now scientists have mapped these intrinsic signals and how they are released by different organs in mice following exercise at different times of the day. Their 'Atlas of Exercise Metabolism' is a major step toward developing more effective exercise therapies that are timed to the body clock. |
| Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:15 AM PST Urbanization is a notable threat to bat populations all over the world, especially through artificial light and the reduction of habitat and food supply. If certain conditions are met, some spaces within metropolitan areas can be suitable for bats, so managing these spaces appropriately could contribute to bat conservation. With the help of more than 200 citizen scientists in Berlin, a team of scientists examined these conditions and investigated how they affect the abundance and distribution of bat species. They conclude that maintaining a low level of artificial light at night is important for all bats in cities. In addition, access to vegetation and water bodies is essential for many of them. |
| Deadly combination: New direct trigger for cell death discovered Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST Understanding the basic mechanisms that lead to cell death (apoptosis) is essential for the development of therapies for cancer and other diseases. Scientists have now discovered a protein interaction that directly triggers cell death. |
| Reducing air pollution: Policies that pay off Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST Fine particle pollution affects most of the world's population, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases as well as premature deaths, all at a cost to society. A multidisciplinary research team has now drawn up various scenarios that would reduce the mortality caused by fine particles by two thirds over the entire conurbation, and has shown that the benefits obtained would exceed the costs of the policies implemented. |
| When water is coming from all sides Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST Researchers have developed the first three-dimensional operational storm surge model. The model simulates compound surge and flooding -- especially hard in transition zones where the river meets the sea. Since April 2021, NOAA has run daily 2D and 3D compound flood models on the Frontera supercomputer. During Tropical Storm Claudette (June 2021), the three-dimensional, real-time storm surge model closely matched observations across the Gulf Coast. |
| Why do we forget? New theory proposes 'forgetting' is actually a form of learning Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST We create countless memories as we live our lives but many of these we forget. Why? Counter to the general assumption that memories simply decay with time, 'forgetting' might not be a bad thing -- that is according to scientists who believe it may represent a form of learning. |
| New explanation for Moon’s half-century magnetic mystery Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST A new study reveals how the diminutive Moon could have been an occasional magnetic powerhouse early in its history, a question that has confounded researchers since NASA's Apollo program began in the 1960s. |
| Your gut senses the difference between real sugar and artificial sweetener Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST Why do mice without taste buds still prefer real sugar to the fake stuff? 'We've identified the cells that make us eat sugar, and they are in the gut,' said one of the researchers. Specialized cells in the upper gut send different signals to the brain for sugar and sugar substitute. |
| World's largest fish breeding area discovered in Antarctica Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST Near the Filchner Ice Shelf in the south of the Antarctic Weddell Sea, a research team has found the world's largest fish breeding area known to date. A towed camera system photographed and filmed thousands of nests of icefish of the species Neopagetopsis ionah on the seabed. |
| ALMA catches 'intruder' redhanded in rarely detected stellar flyby event Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST Scientists made a rare detection of a likely stellar flyby event in the Z Canis Majoris (Z CMa) star system. An intruder -- not bound to the system -- object came in close proximity to and interacted with the environment surrounding the binary protostar, causing the formation of chaotic, stretched-out streams of dust and gas in the disk surrounding it. |
| Astronomers find evidence for a second supermoon beyond our solar system Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST In a new study in Nature Astronomy, researchers report a second, super-sized moon orbiting a Jupiter-sized planet beyond our solar system. If confirmed, the sighting could mean that exomoons are as common in the universe as exoplanets, and that big or small, such moons are a feature of planetary systems. |
| Unprecedented cellular maps of tissues enabled by new tool Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:14 AM PST The study of the human body at single-cell level has received a boost with the creation of a new tool, which will allow researchers to see not only the function of cells, but also where they are situated within tissues. The tool, called cell2location, has been developed by researchers. |
| COVID-19 linked to complications during pregnancy, study finds Posted: 13 Jan 2022 08:13 AM PST Women who have COVID-19 towards the end of their pregnancy are vulnerable to birth-related complications. They are more likely to have complications than those who get COVID-19 in the earlier stages of pregnancy or who haven't had COVID-19 at all, according to a new study. |
| 'Slushy' magma ocean led to formation of the Moon’s crust Posted: 13 Jan 2022 06:21 AM PST Scientists have shown how the freezing of a 'slushy' ocean of magma may be responsible for the composition of the Moon's crust. |
| Fastest DNA sequencing technique helps undiagnosed patients find answers in mere hours Posted: 13 Jan 2022 06:21 AM PST A research effort set the first Guinness World Record for the fastest DNA sequencing technique, which was used to sequence a human genome in just 5 hours and 2 minutes. |
| Infants with low-risk deliveries should not need antibiotics at birth, study suggests Posted: 13 Jan 2022 06:21 AM PST Infants born via uncomplicated cesarean delivery, without labor or membrane rupture before delivery and no concern for infection, should not need antibiotics at birth, according to a new study. The findings could help clinicians tailor the use of early antibiotics in newborns. Only those deemed at risk for infection should receive antibiotics, thereby reducing unnecessary use. |
| Posted: 13 Jan 2022 06:21 AM PST Deciding when to stop learning and take action is a common, but difficult decision in conservation. Using a new method, this trade-off can be managed by determining the amount of time to spend on research at the outset. |
| Tiger shark migrations altered by climate change Posted: 13 Jan 2022 06:21 AM PST A new study has revealed that the locations and timing of tiger shark movement in the western North Atlantic Ocean have changed from rising ocean temperatures. These climate-driven changes have subsequently shifted tiger shark movements outside of protected areas, rendering the sharks more vulnerable to commercial fishing. |
| Posted: 13 Jan 2022 06:21 AM PST Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 had higher levels over the short term of blood proteins known to rise with neurological damage than non-COVID-19 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. |
| Swapping just one food item per day can make diets substantially more planet-friendly Posted: 13 Jan 2022 06:19 AM PST If your New Year's resolution is to eat better for the planet, a new study finds it may be easier than you think. Researchers calculated how people can lower their diets' carbon impact by swapping one high-impact food item for similar, more sustainable options. |
| Get moving to put the brakes on early Parkinson’s Posted: 12 Jan 2022 03:13 PM PST A new study suggests that people with early-stage Parkinson's disease who regularly got one to two hours of moderate exercise twice a week, like walking or gardening, may have less trouble balancing, walking and doing daily activities later. |
| Study shows COVID-19 vaccines offer lasting protection Posted: 12 Jan 2022 03:13 PM PST Despite breakthrough infections, a new study shows a COVID-19 vaccine is effective nine months after the first shot. The findings, based on data on 10.6 million North Carolina residents, support use of boosters to provide ongoing prevention of hospitalization and death from COVID-19. |
| Removing brain cells linked to wakefulness and addiction may lessen symptoms of opioid withdrawal Posted: 12 Jan 2022 12:49 PM PST A study in mice shows that removing chemical messengers in the brain that are involved in both wakefulness and addiction may make withdrawal from opioids easier and help prevent relapse. |
| New study shows the toll industrial farming takes on bird diversity Posted: 12 Jan 2022 12:49 PM PST A new study looking into the impacts that large industrial farming has on biodiversity found that increased farm size causes a decline in bird diversity. Researchers studied how different farming indicators impact the diversity of local birds in the farmland bordering the former Iron Curtain in Germany. They found that increased farm sizes resulted in a 15 per cent decline in bird diversity. |
| Machine learning for morphable materials Posted: 12 Jan 2022 12:49 PM PST Flat materials that can morph into three-dimensional shapes have potential applications in architecture, medicine, robotics, space travel, and much more. But programming these shape changes requires complex and time-consuming computations. Now, researchers have developed a platform that uses machine learning to program the transformation of 2D stretchable surfaces into specific 3D shapes. |
| The ‘Platypus’ of the crab world was an active predator that lurked the Cretaceous seas Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:51 AM PST Researchers describe the unusually large optical features of Callichimaera perplexa, a 95-million-year-old crab fossil discovered in Colombia. The findings suggest Callichimaera perplexa was a highly visual, swimming predator. |
| For sustainable sulfur-tolerant catalysts, alloy the precious metals with phosphorus Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:51 AM PST Researchers demonstrated that phosphorus-alloying significantly increases the activity of precious metal nanoparticles for the deoxygenation of sulfoxides into sulfides. In particular, ruthenium phosphide nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic activity and high durability against sulfur-poisoning, outperforming conventional catalysts. |
| 'Hand in hand in hand': Three catalysts solve chemical problem Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:51 AM PST Chemists have solved a problem in the field of organic synthesis that had been considered a challenge for years. To do so, they employed what is known as ternary catalysis. |
| Dairy calves are social animals Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:51 AM PST Most dairy calves are housed individually in the first weeks and sometimes months of their lives, a practice that has come under scrutiny for its effects on animal behavior, welfare, and health. Despite growing scientific and public support for social housing, approximately 75% and 60% of preweaning dairy calves in the United States and Europe, respectively, are still housed individually. A new study examines young dairy calves' motivation to seek companionship from other calves. |
| Stress associated with an increased risk of getting COVID-19, study finds Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:51 AM PST A new study has found that people who experienced increased stress, anxiety and depression at the start of the pandemic, were at greater risk of getting COVID-19. The research found that greater psychological distress during the early phase of the pandemic was significantly associated with participants later reporting SARS-CoV-2 infection, a greater number of symptoms and also more severe symptoms. |
| Researchers unlock immune cell contributions that could lead to new therapies for endometrial cancer Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:50 AM PST Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive system. Patients who have active immune responses against cancer cells tend to have better outcomes, but much of what is known focuses on only one type of immune cell called T cells. Researchers now provide insight on the role of B cell immunity in endometrial cancer. |
| Environment key to injury recovery Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:50 AM PST Black men are disproportionately impacted by injuries in the United States. This disparity is glaring given that injury is one of the top ten causes of death. Data show that injured Black men from disadvantaged neighborhoods experience higher injury mortality, years of life-expectancy loss, and psychological symptoms that persist after initial wounds have been treated. |
| Regrowing knee cartilage with an electric kick Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:50 AM PST Bioengineers successfully regrew cartilage in a rabbit's knee, a promising hop toward healing joints in humans. |
| Mosquitoes’ mating game discovery provides new clues to combat malaria Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:50 AM PST Male mosquitoes beat their wings faster when swarming at sunset to better detect females and increase their chance of reproducing, finds a novel study. |
| Microplastic pollution linger in rivers for years before entering oceans Posted: 12 Jan 2022 11:50 AM PST Because rivers are in near-constant motion, researchers previously assumed lightweight microplastics quickly flowed through rivers, rarely interacting with riverbed sediments. With new simulations, researchers now have discovered hyporheic exchange -- a process in which surface water mixes with water in the riverbed -- can trap lightweight microplastics that otherwise might be expected to float. |
| Skin-related side effects indicate better prognosis for patients taking certain cancer drugs Posted: 12 Jan 2022 09:15 AM PST Among patients with advanced cancer who were prescribed immune checkpoint inhibitors, those who experienced skin-related side effects were significantly less likely to die. The findings may help clinicians counsel patients who develop skin-related side effects of immunotherapy and determine the effectiveness of these medications in individual patients. |
| Predator species help to buffer climate change impacts on biodiversity Posted: 12 Jan 2022 09:15 AM PST Predator species may buffer the negative impacts of climate change by mitigating against the loss of biodiversity, according to new research. The team of scientists behind the discovery say their findings underline the importance of conserving biodiversity, and top predators in particular, and highlight the potential for species extinctions to worsen the effects of climate change on ecosystems. |
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