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| 'Heartburn' helps bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:16 AM PST Even at high concentrations, antibiotics won't kill all bacteria. There are always a few survivors, even in a bacterial population that is genetically identical. Scientists have discovered that these survivors share a common feature: they accumulate acid in their cells. |
| Bee appearance and behavior may be related, genetic study reveals Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:16 AM PST The findings will be used to help researchers determine how traits, characteristics and color impact behavior. |
| Climate change and land use data to predict watershed impact Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:16 AM PST Researchers studied the Chesapeake Bay watershed to evaluate the combined effects of changes to climate and land use on runoff and pollutants in a rapidly developing watershed that is a tributary to the bay. |
| Psychiatric disease associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease and diabetes Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:16 AM PST Among patients with chronic, non-communicable diseases, the risk of death is more than doubled if they also have a psychiatric comorbidity, according to a new study. |
| Genetic clues link lipoprotein A to prostate cancer risk Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:16 AM PST A new analysis has uncovered a potential link between higher prostate cancer risk and genetic variants associated with higher bloodstream levels of the cholesterol-transporting molecule lipoprotein A. |
| Why the human brain is more vulnerable to disease Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:16 AM PST With the help of cerebral organoids, scientists were able to ascertain that tuberous sclerosis, a rare neurodevelopmental genetic disorder, arises developmentally rather than only genetically. With these patient-derived laboratory models of the human brain, they pinpointed the origin of the disease to progenitor cells specific to humans. The findings further show that the pathology of diseases affecting the human brain could only be well understood using human-derived brain organoid models. |
| Researchers identify proteins that could predict liver transplant rejection Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:16 AM PST Scientist have discovered families of proteins in the body that could potentially predict which patients may reject a new organ transplant, helping inform decisions about care. |
| 'Cell atlas' of brain vasculature connects stroke with novel immune cells Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:15 AM PST In work that will enhance the study of such disparate diseases as stroke and dementia, researchers have catalogued all the cells that form the blood vessels of the human brain, along with their locations and the genes transcribed in each. |
| After a wildfire, how does a town rebuild? Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:15 AM PST The West sees destructive wildfires every year -- yet it hadn't seen anything like the Camp Fire. Three months after the most destructive wildfire in recent history, wildfire sociologists went to the devastated town of Paradise to learn how residents and town leaders were recovering. |
| What wintering squirrels can teach astronauts Posted: 27 Jan 2022 11:15 AM PST The unique way that ground squirrels burn almost no energy when they hibernate -- with no loss of muscle mass -- has implications for space travel, biologists find. |
| Another pandemic challenge for nurses: Sleep problems Posted: 27 Jan 2022 09:58 AM PST More than half of nurses had difficulty sleeping during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic -- and getting less sleep increased their odds of experiencing anxiety and depression, according to a new study. |
| Data from thousands of cameras confirms protected areas promote mammal diversity Posted: 27 Jan 2022 09:01 AM PST Researchers at UBC's faculty of forestry analyzed data from a global data set drawing from 8,671 camera trap stations spanning four continents. They found more mammal diversity in survey areas where habitat had a protected designation -- compared to forests and other wilderness areas that lacked that designation. |
| Pancreatic cancer cells feed off hyaluronic acid Posted: 27 Jan 2022 09:01 AM PST Hyaluronic acid, or HA, is a known presence in pancreatic tumors, but a new study shows that hyaluronic acid also acts as food to the cancer cells. These findings provide insight into how pancreatic cancer cells grow and indicate new possibilities to treat them. |
| Plant pathologists collaborate to share knowledge on a growing threat to corn production Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST A growing threat to corn around the world, tar spot has had a significant impact on United States corn production. To combat this growing threat, plant pathologists have compiled a recovery plan that reviews the current knowledge and the future needs of tar spot, with the intention of mitigating the disease's impact. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Engineers built a cost-effective artificial leaf that can capture carbon dioxide at rates 100 times better than current systems. Unlike other carbon capture systems, which work in labs with pure carbon dioxide from pressurized tanks, this artificial leaf captures carbon dioxide from the air or flue gas and is modular. |
| Gene mutation that makes dogs small existed in ancient wolves Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Popular belief has been that small dogs, such as Pomeranians and Chihuahuas, exist because once dogs were domesticated, humans wanted small, cute companions. But researchers now identify a genetic mutation in a growth hormone-regulating gene that corresponds to small body size in dogs that was present in wolves over 50,000 years ago, long before domestication. |
| Tumors dramatically shrink with new approach to cell therapy Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Scientists have developed a new tool to harness immune cells from tumors to fight cancer rapidly and effectively. |
| Scientists explain mysterious finger-like features in solar flares Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Astronomers have presented a new explanation for the mysterious downward-moving dark voids seen in some solar flares. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Elderly people who live near or downwind of unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD), such as fracking, are at greater risk of premature death than those who don't live near UOGD. Airborne contaminants emitted by UOGD that are transported downwind are likely contributing to increased mortality. |
| Child masking associated with reduced COVID-19 related child care closures Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST A study of 6,654 child care providers found that child masking was associated with a 13 percent to 14 percent reduced rate of program closure due to COVID-19 over the following year. |
| Where did that sound come from? Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Neuroscientists developed a computer model that can localize sounds. The model, which consists of several convolutional neural networks, not only performs the task as well as humans do, it also struggles in the same ways that humans do when the task is made more difficult by adding echoes or multiple sounds. |
| COVID-19 exposure possible outside of home isolation rooms Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST A new study has detected tiny airborne particles containing RNA from the SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19, both inside and outside of the rooms in which infected people were self-isolating at home. This finding suggests that airborne transmission beyond the isolation rooms in homes may pose a risk of infection to other home occupants. |
| A nudge to resume economic activity Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:43 AM PST Researchers have found that people are more likely to partake in economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic when they know their neighbors are engaged in the same activities. |
| New experiment results bolster potential for self-sustaining fusion Posted: 27 Jan 2022 08:00 AM PST For more than 60 years, scientists have sought to understand and control the process of fusion, a quest to harness the vast amounts of energy released when nuclei in fuel come together. A new paper describes recent experiments that have achieved a burning plasma state in fusion, helping steer fusion research closer than it has ever been to its ultimate goal: a self-sustaining, controlled reaction. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:43 AM PST Natural gas stoves release methane -- a potent greenhouse gas -- and other pollutants through leaks and incomplete combustion. Researchers estimate that methane leaking from stoves inside U.S. homes has the same climate impact as about 500,000 gasoline-powered cars and the stoves can expose people to respiratory disease-triggering pollutants. |
| Light therapy fast-tracks healing of skin damage from cancer radiation therapy Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:43 AM PST Light therapy may accelerate the healing of skin damage from radiation therapy by up to 50%, according to a recent study. |
| Researchers identify osteoarthritis ‘pain pathway’ Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST Researchers have discovered that a particular molecular signaling pathway plays an important role in producing osteoarthritis (OA) pain. Using a mouse model of painful osteoarthritis, they show that blocking this signaling pathway eliminates pain and results in a return to normal limb use. This work is the first to find an association between this pathway and OA pain, and could lead to the development of new, effective pain treatments for human OA sufferers. |
| In search of (un)desired side effects Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST Pharmaceutical researchers speak of a hit when they come across a promising substance with a desired effect in early drug discovery. Unfortunately, hits are rarely bull's-eyes, often showing undesirable side effects that not only complicate the search for new hits, but also the subsequent development into a drug. A new study could now help to better identify one of the most frequently observed side effects already in early drug discovery, but also to find new bioactivities. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST Eating more meat, having less of certain bacteria in the gut, and more of certain immune cells in the blood, all link with multiple sclerosis, reports a team of researchers. The work teased out subtle connections that could lead to a better understanding of the causes of the disease. |
| Decreasing development on forest and agricultural land partly driven by gas prices, study finds Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST A new study found a steep decline in the development of forest and agricultural land from 2000 to 2015 compared to the previous two decades, which resulted in a broad shift towards denser development patterns throughout the U.S. A primary culprit was rising gas prices. |
| Uncontrolled blood pressure is sending more people to the hospital Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST The number of people hospitalized for a hypertensive crisis -- when blood pressure increases so much it can cause a heart attack, stroke or other sudden cardiovascular event -- more than doubled from 2002 to 2014, according to investigators. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST Beautiful 'supertramp' birds in Southeast Asia are providing unique insights into how evolution is linked to flight ability and competition. New research testing decades-old theories has confirmed that the isolating effects of islands impact the evolution of even the species most accomplished at colonizing them -- and in some surprising ways. Among the eye-opening findings is the discovery that these birds settle down more readily than would be expected -- once they have colonized an island they tend to stay there rather than searching for others. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST The severity of COVID-19 pneumonia can be difficult to assess in people from different ethnic groups, due to inaccurate readings from a device that measures the level of oxygen in the blood of patients, a new study has found. |
| New drug screening method answers why Alzheimer’s drugs fail, suggests new targets Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST A new study sheds light on why Alzheimer's drugs so far have been ineffective at curing or reversing the disease. The researchers identify new targets for drug development and present a new method to screen drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease. |
| Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST A new study in mice showed that an unhealthy vaginal microbiome in pregnant mothers in combination with an unhealthy diet contributed to increased pup deaths and altered development in the surviving babies. The findings suggest that changes in a mother's diet, such as more fruits and vegetables, may counteract unhealthy microbiome effects in disadvantaged groups. |
| Eco-friendly micro-supercapacitors using fallen leaves? Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST A research team has developed a graphene-inorganic-hybrid micro-supercapacitor made of leaves using femtosecond direct laser writing lithography. The advancement of wearable electronic devices is synonymous with innovations in flexible energy storage devices. Of the various energy storage devices, micro-supercapacitors have drawn a great deal of interest for their high electrical power density, long lifetimes, and short charging times. |
| Even dim light before bedtime may disrupt a preschooler’s sleep Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST A new study of preschoolers finds that exposure to even very low intensities of light before bedtime can sharply reduce production of the sleep-promoting hormone melatonin, interfering with sleep. It suggests that young children are highly susceptible to the physiological impacts of light at night and some kids are more sensitive than others. |
| Cause, develop pharmacological treatment for reducing retinitis pigmentosa vision loss Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:42 AM PST Researchers have discovered that the absence of Adiponectin receptor 1 protein (AdipoR1), one of the principal enzymes regulating ceramide homeostasis in the retina, leads to an accumulation of ceramides in the retina, resulting in progressive photoreceptor cell death and ultimately vision loss. The team also found that a combination of desipramine and L-cycloserine reduced lowered ceramide levels, which protected photoreceptors, helped preserve the retina's structure and function, and improved vision. |
| Rural air pollution may be as hazardous as urban, study finds Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:41 AM PST New research shows that chemical reactivity, seasonality and distribution of airborne particulate matter are critical metrics when considering air pollution's impact on human health. Current environmental regulations focus on the mass of pollutant particles, and researchers are pushing to refocus regulatory efforts on more regional and health-relevant factors. |
| Scientists make a new type of optical device using alumina Posted: 27 Jan 2022 07:39 AM PST Researchers have developed an alumina short-wavelength absorber patterned with moth eye-like structures. These new anti-reflective structures will improve the performance of telescopes studying radiation from the Big Bang. |
| Zoo enrichment could go further Posted: 26 Jan 2022 04:53 PM PST Zoos and aquariums could improve the lives of a wider range of their animals, new research suggests. |
| Athletes warned against potential dangers of natural supplements Posted: 26 Jan 2022 04:53 PM PST Nutritional supplements taken to boost athletic performance can pose risks to the heart, according to a recent statement. |
| Posted: 26 Jan 2022 02:06 PM PST The drugs behind the new pills to treat COVID-19 remain very effective against the omicron variant of the virus in lab tests, according to a new study. However, lab tests also showed that the available antibody therapies -- typically given intravenously in hospitals -- are substantially less effective against omicron than against earlier variants of the virus. |
| New data on COVID-19 lung transplants Posted: 26 Jan 2022 02:06 PM PST A new analysis of lung transplantations performed nationally in the U.S. shows significant help for patients with severe, irreversible lung damage from COVID-19. |
| Mix-and-match trial finds additional dose of COVID-19 vaccine safe, immunogenic Posted: 26 Jan 2022 02:06 PM PST In adults who had previously received a full regimen of any of three COVID-19 vaccines granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) or approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), an additional booster dose of any of these vaccines was safe and prompted an immune response, according to preliminary clinical trial results. |
| Ground-breaking study reveals dynamics of DNA replication ‘licensing’ Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST A new study has illuminated an important process that occurs during cell division and is a likely source of DNA damage under some circumstances, including cancer. |
| Flavonoids may reduce mortality risk for people with Parkinson’s Disease Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST People with Parkinson's Disease who eat more flavonoids -- compounds found in richly colored foods like berries, cocoa and red wine -- may have a lower mortality risk than those who don't, according to a new study. |
| Omicron genetics and early transmission patterns are characterized in new study Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 diverged from previous SARS-CoV-2 variants as a result of adaptive evolution, in which beneficial mutations are passed on to future generations through natural selection, rather than through recombination between previous variants, according to researchers. |
| Starting physical activity three days post-concussion is safe, has better outcomes, study suggests Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST Resuming non-contact physical activity 72 hours after a concussion is safe, and may also reduce symptoms and the risk of delayed recovery, suggests the first and largest real-world, randomized clinical trial on the topic to be conducted with children and youth aged 10 to 18. |
| Fossil snail shells offer new tool for analyzing ancient ocean chemistry Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST A collection of fossil shells from marine snails and clams is challenging a theory that says the world's deadliest mass extinction was accompanied by severe ocean acidification. The study is the first to use shells from fossilized mollusks to investigate ocean chemistry, demonstrating a new tool that scientists can use to study the conditions of the planet's deep past. |
| Getting in gear: Researchers create a slow light device with high optical quality Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST Researchers have created a gear-shaped photonic crystal microring that increases the strength of light-matter interactions without sacrificing optical quality. The result is an on-chip microresonator with an optical quality factor 50 times better than the previous record in slow light devices that could improve microresonators used in a range of photonics applications, including sensing and metrology, nonlinear optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. |
| Scientists identify promising transmission chain-breaker in the fight against malaria Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST Blocking a key protein found in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes -- the principal vector for malaria transmission to humans in Africa -- could thwart infection with malaria parasites and thus prevent them from transmitting the parasites to humans, according to a new study. |
| Change of heart? It may affect thinking and memory skills in middle age Posted: 26 Jan 2022 01:55 PM PST Subtle changes in the structure and the diastolic function of a person's heart between early adulthood and middle age may be associated with a decline in thinking and memory skills. |
| Nanoparticle-formulated drug combination is effective in medulloblastoma, a pediatric brain tumor Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:42 AM PST Researchers have demonstrated that a novel combination of two drugs that act as targeted inhibitors, delivered in a nanoparticle formulation, extend the survival of mice with medulloblastoma. The research team believes this laboratory success could be translated into a less toxic treatment for medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. |
| New meta-analysis explores potential environmental causes of ALS disease Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:42 AM PST In a new meta-analysis of available ALS literature, researchers explore environmental influences potentially linked ALS disease, using rigorous quantitative methods. The study also examines the distribution of ALS over space and time, correlating geographic data with exposure risks and lifestyle or occupational hazards. |
| Farther or faster? Both improve distance running performance Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:42 AM PST A study compared two-week blocks of low-intensity training and high-intensity interval training in terms of performance and recovery. Both methods can improve endurance performance in recreational athletes after already two weeks when the training load is increased significantly from what the individual is accustomed to. |
| Physical activity protects against type 2 diabetes by modifying metabolism Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:42 AM PST Regular physical activity significantly changes the body's metabolite profile, and many of these changes are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, a new study shows. The study population included more than 7,000 men who were followed up for eight years. Men in the highest physical activity category had a 39% lower risk of type 2 diabetes than men who were physically inactive. |
| Using nanodiamonds as sensors just got easier Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:42 AM PST Researchers adapt excited state lifetime thermometry to extract temperatures of nanoscale materials from light emitted by nitrogen vacancy centers in individual nanodiamonds. The approach is less complicated, more accurate and safer for sensitive materials or biological tissues than OMDR. |
| Ancient ice reveals mysterious solar storm Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:42 AM PST Through analysis of ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica, a research team has found evidence of an extreme solar storm that occurred about 9,200 years ago. What puzzles the researchers is that the storm took place during one of the sun's more quiet phases -- during which it is generally believed our planet is less exposed to such events. |
| Automated insulin delivery for young children with diabetes via Android app Posted: 26 Jan 2022 11:41 AM PST Families with young children who have type 1 diabetes use insulin pumps that require a lot of effort to operate. Scientists have shown in a clinical trial that automated insulin delivery is safe and effective even at the age of one to seven years. |
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