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| Birds of prey populations across Europe suppressed by lead poisoning from gun ammunition Posted: 16 Mar 2022 06:17 AM PDT Poisoning caused by preying on or scavenging animals shot by hunters using lead ammunition has left the populations of many raptors – or birds of prey – far smaller than they should be, according to the first study to calculate these impacts across Europe. |
| Excess sugar consumption costs Canada’s health-care system $5 billion each year, study finds Posted: 16 Mar 2022 06:17 AM PDT Researchers peg the economic burden of excessive sugar consumption in Canada at $5 billion a year, thanks to the direct and indirect costs related to 16 chronic diseases. The researchers call on governments to use taxation, subsidies, education and other measures to encourage healthier eating habits, saying it is 'an area of urgent need for action' in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. |
| Mechanism underlying Alzheimer-like damage in the brain of patients with Down Syndrome elucidated Posted: 16 Mar 2022 06:17 AM PDT Precisely why Alzheimer-like changes -- marked by the build-up of harmful amyloid and tau proteins -- occur in the brain in Down syndrome has been unclear. But now, in new research, scientists show that reduced efficiency of a key protein transport system is partly to blame. |
| Intensity control of projectors in parallel: A doorway to an augmented reality future Posted: 16 Mar 2022 06:17 AM PDT A challenge to adopting augmented reality (AR) in wider applications is working with dynamic objects, owing to a delay between their movement and the projection of light onto their new position. But, scientists may have a workaround. They have developed a method that uses multiple projectors while reducing delay time. Their method could open the door to a future driven by AR, helping us live increasingly technology-centered lives. |
| Stackable 'holobricks' can make giant 3D images Posted: 15 Mar 2022 04:36 PM PDT Researchers have developed a new method to display highly realistic holographic images using 'holobricks' that can be stacked together to generate large-scale holograms. |
| A new brain-computer interface with a flexible backing Posted: 15 Mar 2022 01:50 PM PDT Engineering researchers have invented an advanced brain-computer interface with a flexible and moldable backing and penetrating microneedles. Adding a flexible backing to this kind of brain-computer interface allows the device to more evenly conform to the brain's complex curved surface and to more uniformly distribute the microneedles that pierce the cortex. The microneedles, which are 10 times thinner than the human hair, protrude from the flexible backing, penetrate the surface of the brain tissue without piercing surface venules, and record signals from nearby nerve cells evenly across a wide area of the cortex. This novel brain-computer interface has thus far been tested in rodents. |
| Brain differences in children with binge eating disorder Posted: 15 Mar 2022 01:28 PM PDT Brain scans of children ages 9-10 with a type of eating disorder that causes uncontrollable overeating showed differences in gray matter density compared to their unaffected peers, according to a new study. The study's findings suggest that abnormal development in the brain's centers for reward and inhibition may play a role. In the children with binge eating disorder, researchers saw elevations in gray matter density in areas that are typically 'pruned' during healthy brain development. Disturbed synaptic pruning is linked to a number of psychiatric disorders. |
| Pathogen and drug work together to fight fungal lung infection Posted: 15 Mar 2022 01:28 PM PDT Pathogens don't always work against drug treatments. Sometimes, they can strengthen them, according to new research. Researchers have now looked at two pathogens that often occur at similar sites, particularly in cystic fibrosis and mechanically ventilated patients: Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The researchers investigated the effectiveness of an antifungal drug, fluconazole, with both pathogens. The results showed that P. aeruginosa works with fluconazole to eliminate drug tolerance and clear the C. albicans infection. The bacteria also enhance the drug's ability against a second pathogenic Candida species that tends to be more resistant to the drug. |
| From museum to laptop: Visual leaf library a new tool for identifying plants Posted: 15 Mar 2022 01:28 PM PDT Fossil plants reveal the evolution of green life on Earth, but the most abundant samples that are found -- fossil leaves -- are also the most challenging to identify. A large, open-access visual leaf library provides a new resource to help scientists recognize and classify these leaves. |
| The immune system is very complicated, but now, it's on a chip Posted: 15 Mar 2022 12:01 PM PDT Scientists have a new tool to help them tease out the immune system's mysteries. Researchers cultured human B and T cells inside a microfluidic Organ Chip and coaxed them to form functional lymphoid follicles (LFs) -- structures that reside in lymph nodes and other parts of the human body and mediate immune responses. The LF Chip replicated human immune responses to both pathogens and a commercial influenza vaccine in vitro, offering significant improvement over existing preclinical models like cells in a dish and non-human primates. |
| New toolkit aids discovery of mineral deposits crucial to 'green economy' transition Posted: 15 Mar 2022 12:01 PM PDT Scientists have developed a new toolkit for the discovery of mineral deposits crucial to our transition to a 'green economy'. |
| Look! Up in the sky! Is it a planet? Nope, just a star Posted: 15 Mar 2022 12:01 PM PDT Among thousands of known exoplanets,astronomers have flagged three that are actually stars. |
| 'Healthspan' increasing even for people with common chronic conditions Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:20 AM PDT The number of healthy years a person lives is, on average, increasing even for people with common chronic conditions, according to a new study. |
| Snowbound: Big trees boost water in forests by protecting snowpack Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:18 AM PDT Trees have a complex relationship with snow and energy as the season warms up, but new research shows that big trees can protect melting snowpacks in water-stressed environments. |
| How Indigenous burning shaped the Klamath's forests for a millennia Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:18 AM PDT A new study combines scientific data with Indigenous oral histories and ecological knowledge to show how the cultural burning practices of the Native people of the Klamath Mountains -- the Karuk and the Yurok tribes -- helped shape the region's forests for at least a millennia prior to European colonization. |
| Ancient El Niños reveal limits to future climate projections Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:18 AM PDT The climate pattern El Niño varies to such a degree that scientists will have a hard time detecting signs that it is getting stronger with global warming. That's the conclusion of a study that analyzed 9,000 years of Earth's history. The scientists drew on climate data contained within ancient corals and used one of the world's most powerful supercomputers to conduct their research. |
| Molecular networks could explain racial disparity in triple negative breast cancer deaths Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:18 AM PDT Different activity in two molecular networks could help explain why triple negative breast cancers tend to be more aggressive in African American (AA) women compared with white American (WA) women, a new study suggests. |
| Fruit fly study uncovers functional significance of gene mutations associated with autism Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:18 AM PDT Researchers applied sophisticated genetic strategies in laboratory fruit flies to determine the functional consequences of de novo variants identified in the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC), which includes approximately 2,600 families affected by autism spectrum disorder. Surprisingly, their work also allowed them to uncover a new form of rare disease due to a gene called GLRA2. |
| Materials scientists finding solutions to biggest hurdle for solar cell technology Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:18 AM PDT Materials scientists have discovered the major reason why perovskite solar cells -- which show great promise for improved energy-conversion efficiency -- degrade in sunlight, causing their performance to suffer over time. The team successfully demonstrated a simple manufacturing adjustment to fix the cause of the degradation, clearing the biggest hurdle toward the widespread adoption of the thin-film solar cell technology. |
| Senolytic drugs boost key protective protein Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:17 AM PDT Researchers say senolytic drugs can boost a key protein in the body that protects older people against aspects of aging and a range of diseases. Their findings demonstrate this in mice and human studies. |
| Combing the cosmos: New color catalog aids hunt for life on frozen worlds Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:17 AM PDT Aided by microbes found in the subarctic conditions of Canada's Hudson Bay, an international team of scientists has created the first color catalog of icy planet surface signatures to uncover the existence of life in the cosmos. |
| Study shows link between socioeconomic deprivation and premature cardiovascular mortality Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:17 AM PDT A new study found people living in socially-deprived areas of the United States are more likely to die prematurely from cardiovascular complications. |
| Do sharks get their ZZZs? New evidence shows it’s not all about the hunt Posted: 15 Mar 2022 11:17 AM PDT The first physiological evidence that sharks take a break from tracking prey to catch a few winks has been uncovered by a researcher who specializes in sleep among aquatic creatures, from sharks to crocodiles. The comparative sleep physiologist studied the metabolic signatures of sleep and behavioral sleep indicators among New Zealand's draughtsboard sharks. His research found that they produced a lower metabolic rate and recumbent body posture when inactive for longer than five minutes, supporting the idea that they were conserving energy by sleeping. |
| Endometriosis and ovarian cancer genetically tied Posted: 15 Mar 2022 09:14 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated a genetic link between endometriosis and ovarian cancer subtypes enabling them to identify potential drug targets for therapy and increasing the understanding of both diseases. |
| Dispersal strategies drive marine microbial diversity Posted: 15 Mar 2022 09:14 AM PDT Trade-offs between the benefit of colonizing new particles and the risk of being wiped out by predators allow diverse populations of marine microbes to exist together, shows a new study. |
| Immune cells linked to neurological disease prognosis and survival Posted: 15 Mar 2022 09:14 AM PDT Immune cells could help predict the prognosis of patients with the rare neurological disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), says a new study. |
| Assessing the impact of automation on long-haul trucking Posted: 15 Mar 2022 09:14 AM PDT As automated truck technology continues to be developed in the United States, there are still many questions about how the technology will be deployed and what its potential impacts will be on the long-haul trucking market. |
| Scientists show large impact of controlling humidity on greenhouse gas emissions Posted: 15 Mar 2022 09:14 AM PDT Greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioners are expected to climb as economic growth drives efforts to control both temperature and humidity, according to a new analysis. |
| Cell fusion ‘awakens’ regenerative potential of human retina Posted: 15 Mar 2022 09:14 AM PDT Fusing human retinal cells with adult stem cells could be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat retinal damage and visual impairment, according to the findings of a new study. The hybrid cells were injected into a growing retinal organoid, a model that closely resembles the function of the human retina. The researchers found that the hybrid cells successfully engrafted into the tissue and differentiated into cells that closely resemble ganglion cells, a type of neuron essential for vision. The hybrid cells act by awakening the regenerative potential of human retinal tissue, previously only thought to be the preserve of cold-blood vertebrates. |
| Living near green areas reduces the risk of suffering a stroke by 16 percent, study finds Posted: 15 Mar 2022 08:30 AM PDT The risk of suffering an ischaemic stroke, the most common type of cerebrovascular event, is 16 percent less in people who have green spaces less than 300 meters from their homes. The study took into account information on exposure to three atmospheric pollutants linked to vehicle traffic in more than three and a half million people selected from among the 7.5 million residents of Catalonia, over the age of eighteen who had not suffered a stroke prior to the start of the study. |
| Treating cancer with light-sensitive nanoscale biomaterials Posted: 15 Mar 2022 08:29 AM PDT Treating cancer and other diseases with laser light is not currently considered routine, but new approaches using nanoparticles show some promise in improving existing techniques. Researchers review the status of the field and by combining photothermal therapy or photodynamic therapy with nanomaterials, they have been able to apply these types of phototherapies while also delivering drugs to sites in the body that are otherwise inaccessible. It is also possible to combine PTT and PDT into a single treatment, creating an even more powerful treatment method. |
| Optimizer tool designs, evaluates, maximizes solar-powered cooling systems Posted: 15 Mar 2022 08:29 AM PDT Researchers have developed an optimizer tool to design, evaluate, and maximize the performance of different types of solar-powered adsorption under various operating scenarios. The tool was created using Visual Basic programming language that is easy to learn and enables rapid application development and predicted the proper material mass concentration ratios. The method calculated the cooling load, predicted maximal performance, and conducted the overall performance analysis of the cooling system. |
| Many patients with severe COVID-19 recover consciousness, but recovery can take days or even weeks Posted: 15 Mar 2022 07:56 AM PDT Researchers report on a multicenter study to better understand the recovery timeline and the causes of delayed recovery of consciousness in patients with severe COVID-19. |
| Posted: 15 Mar 2022 07:56 AM PDT A new study in animals suggests that high doses of a widely used antibiotic called rifampin may safely treat and reduce the duration of treatment for the deadliest form of tuberculosis that affects the brain, potentially improving survival rates for patients and decreasing the likelihood of lasting adverse effects of the disease. |
| Mechanism linking type 2 diabetes to Alzheimer’s disease Posted: 15 Mar 2022 06:50 AM PDT A research group has revealed that amyloid-beta detected in blood is secreted from peripheral tissues (pancreas, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver, etc.) that are sensitive to glucose and insulin. |
| Models for molecules show unexpected physics Posted: 14 Mar 2022 12:44 PM PDT Engineers discover unusual properties in magnetized colloids that surprisingly adhere to the physics described by Kelvin's equation, which models the thermodynamics of molecular systems. |
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