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| Researchers map human sensory neurons, pursue chronic pain cure Posted: 18 Mar 2022 02:05 PM PDT An investigation into how human sensory neurons differ from animal neurons has provided researchers with important clues in the pursuit of more effective treatments for chronic pain. Researchers are analyzing the origins of how pain is generated by nociceptors in human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons, charting the full transcriptome of messenger RNA strands produced in these cells. |
| Posted: 18 Mar 2022 02:05 PM PDT Researchers have discovered a new form of ice, redefining the properties of water at high pressures. |
| Conversion process turns pollution into cash Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Engineers have developed a promising electrochemical system to convert emissions from chemical and power plants into useful products while addressing climate change. |
| Researchers use unique ingredient to strengthen bamboo Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Researchers have adapted a technique -- originally designed to embalm human remains -- to strengthen the properties of biocomposites and make them stronger. With the innovation of new materials and green composites, it is easy to overlook materials like bamboo and other natural fibers, explains one of the researchers. These fibers are now used in many applications such as clothing, the automotive industry, packaging and construction. |
| Exploring the therapeutic uses of ketamine Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT First manufactured more than 50 years ago, ketamine is a fast-acting dissociative anesthetic often used in veterinary and emergency medicine. Ketamine also has a history of being an illicit party drug. Now, ketamine is getting a closer look. |
| Artificial intelligence paves the way to discovering new rare-earth compounds Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Artificial intelligence advances how scientists explore materials. Researchers trained a machine-learning (ML) model to assess the stability of rare-earth compounds. The framework they developed builds on current state-of-the-art methods for experimenting with compounds and understanding chemical instabilities. |
| Antabuse may help revive vision in people with progressive blinding disorders Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Animal and cell studies show that as retinal cells die in degenerative eye diseases, they make other cells hyperactive, creating noise that further obscures vision. Tests to prove this in humans are hard to conduct, however. Antabuse, an approved drug used to wean people off alcohol, should tamp down this hyperactivity and conclusively show whether hyperactivity plays a role in humans, potentially driving work to find better drugs to help those with progressive vision loss. |
| Ancient ancestors evolved to be strong and snappy Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Researchers show that the earliest jaws in the fossil record were caught in a trade-off between maximizing their strength and their speed. |
| Could we make cars out of petroleum residue? Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Researchers have developed a way to make lightweight fibers, for possible use in the bodies of cars, out of an ultracheap feedstock: the waste material from the refining of petroleum. |
| Piezo1 possible key to supporting muscle regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Tracing the impact of a single protein, Piezo1, researchers found that restoring it in muscles affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy could improve their ability to heal efficiently. |
| When the brain sees a familiar face Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT Researchers have uncovered new information about how the area of the brain responsible for memory is triggered when the eyes come to rest on a face versus another object or image. |
| Youngest brain tumor patients have significantly poorer outcomes than older pediatric patients Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT A researcher has found, through extensive data analysis, that the youngest patients with brain tumors -- those ages birth to 3 months -- have about half the five-year survival rate as children ages 1 to 19. |
| Posted: 18 Mar 2022 01:14 PM PDT An international research team has found a simple method for growing lung tissue in the lab. These organoids could be used in diagnosis, drug development, and fundamental research. Laboratory studies of lung tissue usually require the removal of large amounts of human or animal tissue. Now scientists have generated tiny quantities of lung tissue, so-called organoids, from just a few body cells in the lab. The tissue forms a three-dimensional structure as it develops, complete with the tiny hairs on the surface typical of lung tissue. These organoids can play an important part in future research on lung diseases, drug development, or personalized medicine. |
| New strategy reduces brain damage in Alzheimer’s and related disorders, in mice Posted: 18 Mar 2022 10:16 AM PDT Alzheimer's disease is the most common and best known of the tauopathies, a set of neurodegenerative brain diseases caused by toxic tangles of the protein tau. A study has now shown that targeting astrocytes -- an inflammatory cell in the brain -- reduces tau-related brain damage and inflammation in mice. |
| Researchers develop the world's first power-free frequency tuner using nanomaterials Posted: 18 Mar 2022 10:16 AM PDT Phase-change nanowires could serve as the ultimate tunable frequency synthesizers and filters for the future of IoT and 5G networks. |
| The colored skeletons of Çatalhöyük, Turkey, from 9,000 years ago Posted: 18 Mar 2022 08:02 AM PDT An international team provides new insights about how the inhabitants of the 'oldest city in the world' in Çatalhöyük (Turkey) buried their dead. Their bones were partially painted, excavated several times and reburied. The findings provide insight into the burial rituals of a fascinating society that lived 9000 years ago. |
| New, possibly arboreal rice rat species discovered in Ecuador Posted: 18 Mar 2022 08:02 AM PDT Three expeditions led an international research to the Cordillera de Kutukú, an isolated mountain range in Ecuador, to find just one specimen of the previously unknown species. The find in the Amazonian side of the Andes underlines the valuable biological role of this mountainous region. |
| Wildfires devastate the land they burn, and they are also warming the planet Posted: 18 Mar 2022 08:02 AM PDT The 2021 wildfire season broke records globally, leaving land charred from California to Siberia. The risk of fire is growing, and a recent report warned that wildfires are on track to increase 50% by 2050. These fires destroy homes, plant life, and animals as they burn, but the risk doesn't stop there. Researchers detail how the brown carbon released by burning biomass in the northern hemisphere is accelerating warming in the Arctic and warn that this could lead to even more wildfires in the future. |
| Turning any camera into a polarization camera Posted: 18 Mar 2022 07:49 AM PDT Researchers have developed a metasurface attachment that can turn just about any camera or imaging system, even off-the-shelf systems, into polarization cameras. The attachment uses a metasurface of subwavelength nanopillars to direct light based on its polarization and compiles an image that captures polarization at every pixel. |
| A unified theory of electrochemical energy storage: Bridging batteries and supercapacitors Posted: 18 Mar 2022 07:49 AM PDT An international team of researchers suggests that all electrochemical energy storage mechanisms exist on a spectrum between physical and chemical retention of ions. |
| Electron powers a weak but significant bond for building complex structures Posted: 18 Mar 2022 06:21 AM PDT How do you bring together two molecules that positively repel each other? A research team has developed a simple and versatile solution: Introduce an electron with a jolt of electricity, and resistance between the two is reduced and a bond formed. This fundamentally new type of catalysis will offer chemists and biologists a tool for promoting and controlling molecular recognition and self-assembly, enabling them to build complex structures. |
| Industrial discharge is the dominant mercury source in Korea’s west coast Posted: 18 Mar 2022 06:21 AM PDT Researchers have used mercury (Hg) stable isotopes to verify the Hg sources in the sediment and fish along the west coast of Korea. |
| Visible ocean plastics just the tip of the iceberg Posted: 18 Mar 2022 06:21 AM PDT Simulating a half century of movement and degradation of plastic waste in the ocean, a new study estimates that nearly two-thirds of ocean plastics are outside the reach of current monitoring methods. Furthermore, the study suggests that the estimated 25.3 million metric tons of total ocean plastics may represent only 5% of all mismanaged plastic waste to date, with the rest still on land. |
| How gene expression changes in the brain in Alzheimer's disease Posted: 18 Mar 2022 06:21 AM PDT An international group of researchers analyzed the genes that are expressed in neurons and astrocytes based on data from 800 individuals and compared what happens in Alzheimer's patients and in people without diagnosed dementia. The study highlights the need to analyze molecular markers, such as genetic sequences or brain proteins, to obtain more accurate assays, diagnoses and therapies. The results also show changes in astrocytes in an attempt to adapt to the toxic environment derived from the disease, worsening its progression. |
| Posted: 18 Mar 2022 05:02 AM PDT An analysis of data from more than 3,000 mother-child pairs from six European countries indicates that prenatal exposure to bisphenol A may have negative effects on respiratory health in school-age girls. |
| New insight into the possible origins of life Posted: 18 Mar 2022 05:02 AM PDT Researchers have for the first time been able to create an RNA molecule that replicates, diversifies and develops complexity, following Darwinian evolution. This has provided empirical evidence that simple biological molecules can lead to the emergence of complex lifelike systems. |
| Posted: 17 Mar 2022 04:32 PM PDT Nearly 100,000 highly diverse whole genome sequences are now available through the National Institutes of Health's All of Us Research Program. About 50 percent of the data is from individuals who identify with racial or ethnic groups that have historically been underrepresented in research. This data will enable researchers to address yet unanswerable questions about health and disease, leading to new breakthroughs and advancing discoveries to reduce persistent health disparities. |
| Posted: 17 Mar 2022 02:25 PM PDT Among local and state public health officials who resigned or were fired during the first 11 months of the pandemic, more than one-third reported incidents of harassment, a new study finds. |
| Bone marrow cancer: Potential drug targets Posted: 17 Mar 2022 02:24 PM PDT New research finds that patients with ASXL1-mutant chronic myelomonocytic leukemia -- an uncommon type of cancer of the bone marrow -- have distinctive epigenetic changes that can activate harmful genes and cause the cancer to grow faster. The ASXL1 genetic mutation also can transform the disease into the more aggressive acute myeloid leukemia. |
| Physicists find direct evidence of strong electron correlation in a 2D material Posted: 17 Mar 2022 01:36 PM PDT MIT physicists have detected electron correlations in a 2D material called ABC trilayer graphene. Understanding how electron correlations drive electrical states can help scientists engineer exotic functional materials, such as unconventional superconductors. |
| Massive study shows urbanization drives adaptive evolution Posted: 17 Mar 2022 01:36 PM PDT A massive study on a tiny roadside weed shows urbanization is leading to adaptive evolution at a global scale. Scientists from 160 cities across six continents collected more than 110,000 samples of white clover plants in urban, suburban, and rural areas to study urbanization's effects on the plants. |
| How coronavirus triggers immune response in brain Posted: 17 Mar 2022 01:36 PM PDT A new study describes how the spike protein used by the coronavirus to enter human cells can have a similar effect on the brain's immune cells as it does with the rest of the body. |
| New computer predictive model useful in identifying ancient hunter-gatherer sites Posted: 17 Mar 2022 01:36 PM PDT Researchers looking to identify some of the most difficult 'finds' in archaeology --including sites used by nomadic hunter-gatherer communities--are tapping technology to help in the search. |
| How cattle ranchers in Brazil could help reduce carbon emissions Posted: 17 Mar 2022 01:36 PM PDT Providing customized training to Brazilian ranchers can not only help keep carbon in the ground, but improve their livelihoods and mitigate climate change, according to new research. |
| As oceans warm, marine cold spells are disappearing Posted: 17 Mar 2022 01:34 PM PDT Marine cold spells are cold versions of heat waves: periods of exceptionally cold water, able to hurt or help the ecosystems they hit. Today, the oceans experience just 25% of the number of cold spell days they did in the 1980s, and cold spells are about 15% less intense, researchers found. Weaker cold spells could mean they're less likely to cause mass die-off events, but having fewer cold spells also means refuges and recovery periods from marine heat waves are disappearing. |
| New strategy for designing thermoelectric materials Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new approach to the design of thermoelectric materials by constructing a database of electronic structure parameters correlated with materials' thermoelectric conversion properties and by a comprehensive analysis of the database. This approach can be used to develop higher performance thermoelectric materials. |
| Chemists find a quick way to synthesize novel neuroactive compounds found in rainforest tree Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT A potential cornucopia of neuroactive compounds, which might yield clues to the design of future psychiatric and neurological drugs, has become more accessible to synthetic chemists. |
| Smoke from major wildfires destroys the ozone layer Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT A new study shows that smoke from wildfires destroys the ozone layer. Researchers caution that if major fires become more frequent with a changing climate, more damaging ultraviolet radiation from the sun will reach the ground. |
| Making memory serve correctly: Fixing an inherent problem in next-generation magnetic RAM Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT SOT-RAM, a promising type of next-generation magnetic memory, could pave the way to ultra-low-power electronics. However, scientists have identified a source of disturbance during the read operation in SOT-RAMs that compromises their reliability. Fortunately, they also found a method to greatly reduce this disturbance by slightly modifying the SOT-RAM structure. Their findings will help make this type of memory faster and more reliable, helping its commercialization for sustainable IoT applications. |
| Pioneering technique could unlock targeted treatments for cancer Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Researchers have described application of a pioneering chemical technique which could unlock ground-breaking new treatments for cancer and other diseases. |
| Rapid adaptation in fruit flies Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Evolution is normally considered to be a gradual process, unfolding over long timescales. But new findings show that widespread physical and genomic adaptation to the environment can occur within just weeks. |
| Forest restoration must navigate trade-offs between environmental and wood production goals Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Forest restoration schemes should prioritize restoring native forests for greatest climate and environmental benefits, but these benefits incur a trade-off with wood production in comparison with tree plantations. |
| Methane-eating bacteria convert greenhouse gas to fuel Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Methanotrophic bacteria consume 30 million metric tons of methane per year and have captivated researchers for their natural ability to convert the potent greenhouse gas into usable fuel. Yet we know very little about how the complex reaction occurs, limiting our ability to use the double benefit to our advantage. |
| Lithium may decrease risk of developing dementia Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Researchers have identified a link suggesting that lithium could decrease the risk of developing dementia, which affects nearly one million people in the UK. |
| Long-suspected turbocharger for memory found in brain cells of mice Posted: 17 Mar 2022 11:32 AM PDT Scientists have long known that learning requires the flow of calcium into and out of brain cells. But researchers have now discovered that floods of calcium originating from within neurons can also boost learning. The finding emerged from studies of how mice remember new places they explore. |
| Radical increase in the effectiveness of breast cancer immunotherapy Posted: 17 Mar 2022 09:03 AM PDT Researchers have discovered the essential role of a new factor, LCOR, in enabling cancer cells to present tumor antigens on their surfaces. These antigens allow the immune system to recognize the tumor, an essential step if immunotherapy treatment is to succeed. On the other hand, they have shown that cancer stem cells have very low levels of LCOR, making them invisible to the immune system and therefore resistant to treatment. |
| Photonic encryption platform in the ultraviolet and visible Posted: 17 Mar 2022 08:19 AM PDT An anticounterfeiting and tampering prevention system using ultraviolet and visible light has been recently proposed. This technology was developed using the metasurface, capable of freely controlling light and anticipated to be applicable in various industries. This study is significant in that it has resolved a long-standing issue for metasurface, which could not be operated in the ultraviolet regime. |
| Obesity: A dangerous immune response Posted: 17 Mar 2022 08:19 AM PDT Researchers show which molecular processes promote secondary diseases in obesity. |
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