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| Advances in street lighting are reducing the efficacy of coastal species’ camouflage Posted: 25 Mar 2022 07:06 PM PDT A study has shown species that rely on darkness to forage and feed are losing the gift of camouflage thanks to advances in the lighting used to illuminate the world's cities and coastlines. |
| COVID-19 mixed with flu increases risk of severe illness and death Posted: 25 Mar 2022 07:06 PM PDT Adults in hospital who have COVID-19 and the flu at the same time are at much greater risk of severe disease and death compared with patients who have COVID-19 alone or with other viruses, research shows. |
| New study reveals why HIV remains in human tissue even after antiretroviral therapy Posted: 25 Mar 2022 03:59 PM PDT Thanks to antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection is no longer the life sentence it once was. But despite the effectiveness of drugs to manage and treat the virus, it can never be fully eliminated from the human body, lingering in some cells deep in different human tissues where it goes unnoticed by the immune system. Now, new research by University of Alberta immunologist Shokrollah Elahi reveals a possible answer to the mystery of why infected people can't get rid of HIV altogether. Elahi and his team found that in HIV patients, killer T cells -- a type of white blood cells responsible for identifying and destroying cells infected with viruses -- have very little to none of a protein called CD73. Because CD73 is responsible for migration and cell movement into the tissue, the lack of the protein compromises the ability of killer T cells to find and eliminate HIV-infected cells, explained Elahi. |
| Alpaca nanobodies potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants Posted: 25 Mar 2022 03:59 PM PDT Researchers have developed a novel strategy for identifying potent miniature antibodies, so-called nanobodies, against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The approach led to the discovery of multiple nanobodies that in cell cultures and mice effectively blocked infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. The findings could pave the way for new treatments against COVID-19. |
| Attention to objects in peripheral vision is not driven by tiny eye movements Posted: 25 Mar 2022 03:59 PM PDT New research shows that while microsaccades seem to boost or diminish the strength of the brain signals underlying attention, eye movements are not drivers of those brain signals. |
| Stabilizing emulsion research improves firefighting operations and more Posted: 25 Mar 2022 03:58 PM PDT Researchers have found a way to control the charge of nanoparticles on a two-fluid interface to create a more stable system in which its charge can also be switched and controlled. The ability to change the charge of nanoparticles on a two-fluid interface would result in a surface that could acclimate itself to fit many diverse applications, such as a more durable firefighting operation and even controlled release in certain medications. |
| Design of protein binders from target structure alone Posted: 25 Mar 2022 03:58 PM PDT Scientists have now created a powerful new method for generating protein drugs. Using computers, they designed molecules that can target important proteins in the body, such as the insulin receptor, as well as vulnerable proteins on the surface of viruses. This solves a long-standing challenge in drug development and may lead to new treatments for cancer, diabetes, infection, inflammation, and beyond. |
| New pathway for DNA transfer discovered in tumor microenvironment Posted: 25 Mar 2022 03:58 PM PDT Researchers have discovered another way tumor cells transfer genetic material to other cells in their microenvironment, causing cancer to spread. |
| The mystery of an unusual Panamanian plant’s dispersal Posted: 25 Mar 2022 03:58 PM PDT Camera traps in the forest canopy document a nocturnal mammal that may be helping Zamia pseudoparasitica survive up in the air. |
| Artificial hail for more accurate weather forecasts Posted: 25 Mar 2022 11:46 AM PDT A vertical wind tunnel has supplied important data to facilitate the prediction of heavy rain, hail, and graupel precipitation. |
| Stem cell secrets allow researchers to revamp reprogramming Posted: 25 Mar 2022 11:46 AM PDT Researchers have identified key factors that promote the reprogramming of human stem cells to the naïve state, which can be used to model the earliest stages of development. This new knowledge will help researchers to generate naïve pluripotent stem cells more efficiently and quickly. Their findings also provide new insights into the mechanisms that destabilise and reconfigure cell identity during cell state transitions. |
| Study shows how bioactive substance inhibits important receptor Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT The A2A receptor regulates how vigorously the innate immune system attacks diseased cells. Researchers have now been able to show for the first time how an important inhibitor binds to the receptor. In the future, the results will facilitate the targeted search for molecules that give the innate immune system more punch. These could for instance be used in the fight against cancer, but also against brain diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. |
| Half of all women experience false positive mammograms after 10 years of annual screening Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT Half of all women experience a false positive mammogram after 10 years of annual breast cancer screening with 3D mammography, a UC Davis-led study estimates. This risk was lower for women who had mammograms every other year. 3D screening showed slightly lower false positive results than standard mammography. |
| Large study challenges the theory that light alcohol consumption benefits heart health Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT In an observational analysis of UK Biobank participants, light to moderate drinkers had the lowest heart disease risk, followed by people who abstained from drinking; however, light to moderate drinkers tended to have healthier lifestyles than abstainers, which likely accounted for their better heart health. Genetic evidence in this same population suggested that all levels of alcohol intake are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Notably, the risk of cardiovascular disease linked to light alcohol consumption was modest but rose exponentially with higher intake, even at intake levels currently endorsed as 'low risk.' |
| Study finds neurons that encode the outcomes of actions Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT A group of neurons in the brain's striatum encodes information about the potential outcomes of different decisions. These cells become particularly active when a behavior leads a different outcome than what was expected, which the researchers believe helps the brain adapt to changing circumstances. |
| Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT Researchers have developed a novel super-hygroscopic material that enhances sweat evaporation within a personal protective suit, to create a cooling effect for better thermal comfort for users such as healthcare workers and other frontline officers. With this innovation, users will feel 40% cooler and their risk of getting heat stroke is lowered significantly. |
| Like father like child: male parents lead young birds on first migration Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT GPS tracking of Caspian terns showed that male parents carry the main responsibility for leading young during their first migration from the Baltic Sea to Africa. |
| COVID-19 infection linked to higher risk of neuropathy Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have found that many people who tested positive for the coronavirus in the early months of the pandemic also experienced peripheral neuropathy -- pain, tingling and numbness in the hands and feet -- during and following their bouts with COVID-19. |
| How fingers could point to a link between low testosterone and COVID hospitalizations Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Could the length of a person's fingers provide a clue to how ill they might get after contracting COVID-19? |
| Vagus nerve stimulation lowers costs of care for children with uncontrolled epilepsy Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT A new study has examined a population of pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. For these patients, the study found that the patients who received vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), when used with anti-seizure medications (ASM), had lower hospital costs compared to the use of ASM alone. The study found that the patients treated with ASM plus VNS had savings of over $3,000 of epilepsy-related annual costs per year, compared to treatment with ASM only. |
| Innovative AI technology aids personalized care for diabetes patients needing complex drug treatment Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:24 AM PDT Medical researchers have developed and tested an AI method to improve care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who need complex treatment. The new AI method analyzed electronic health record data across Utah and Indiana and learned generalizable treatment patterns of type 2 diabetes patients with similar characteristics. Those patterns can now be used to help determine an optimal drug regimen for a specific patient. |
| The hardy wild grass that could save our bread Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT An obscure species of wild grass contains 'blockbuster' disease resistance that can be cross bred into wheat to give immunity against one of the deadliest crop pathogens. |
| Quantum physics sets a speed limit to electronics Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT Semiconductor electronics is getting faster and faster - but at some point, physics no longer permits any increase. The speed can definitely not be increased beyond one petahertz (one million gigahertz), even if the material is excited in an optimal way with laser pulses. |
| Rapid glacial advance reconstructed during the time of Norse occupation in Greenland Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT The Greenland Ice Sheet is the second largest ice body in the world, and it has the potential to contribute significantly to global sea-level rise in a warming global climate. Understanding the long-term record of the Greenland Ice Sheet, including both records of glacial advance and retreat, is critical in validating approaches that model future ice-sheet scenarios. However, this reconstruction can be extremely challenging. A new study has reconstructed the advance of one of the largest tidewater glaciers in Greenland to provide a better understanding of long-term glacial dynamics. |
| Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT A novel class of bed net that kills mosquitoes resistant to traditional insecticides by making them unable to move or fly, significantly reduces malaria infection in children, according to new research published in The Lancet. Unlike other insecticides which kill the mosquito via the nervous system, the effects of the new bed net mean the mosquito dies from starvation or being unable to fend for itself. |
| Rescued Victorian rainfall data smashes former records Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT A superhuman effort by an army of volunteers during the UK's first COVID-19 lockdown has resulted in 5.2 million rainfall observations, recorded by hand on paper sheets now stored in the Met Office archives, being added to a digital national record. The record now has significantly more data for pre-1960 and has filled in what was a data black hole pre-1862. The work has revealed some record-breaking 19th century weather, which is published in a new paper. |
| Simply printing high-performance perovskite-based transistors Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT A research team develops high performing p-type transistor using perovskite. Solution-processed metal halide perovskite transistors can now be printed. |
| Reduced kidney function increases bleeding risk in antithrombotic therapy Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT While kidney function is known to be related to bleeding event risk, researchers conducted a post-hoc subgroup analysis of the Atrial Fibrillation and Ischemic Events with Rivaroxaban in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease (AFIRE) trial to determine the impact of kidney function on the risk of recurrent bleeding events during antithrombotic therapy. Their analysis revealed that the effect of kidney function on recurrent bleeding risk events was quite large for patients undergoing this treatment. |
| Liver disease increases as result of life-style changes due to COVID-19, study reveals Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT In a retrospective study drawing data from 973 participants between 2018 and 2020, researchers find that cases of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) increased from 22 pre-pandemic to 44 mid-pandemic. Additionally, univariate and multivariate analysis of lifestyle habits reveal late-night meals pre-pandemic and increased alcohol intake mid-pandemic as independent lifestyle predictors of developing the disease. |
| Scientists identify overgrowth of key brain structure in babies who later develop autism Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:38 AM PDT New research demonstrates overgrowth of the amygdala in the first year of life, before babies show most of the behavioral symptoms that later consolidate into a diagnosis of autism. This overgrowth may be unique to autism, as babies with fragile X syndrome show a different brain growth pattern. |
| Birds are laying their eggs a month earlier, and climate change is to blame Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:38 AM PDT By comparing century-old eggs preserved in museum collections to modern observations, scientists were able to determine that about a third of the bird species nesting in Chicago have are laying their eggs a month earlier than they were a hundred years ago. As far as the researchers can tell, the culprit in this shift is climate change. |
| Scientists develop coated probiotics that could be effectively delivered into the human gut Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:38 AM PDT Scientists have developed probiotics with a unique edible coating that ensures the beneficial bacteria successfully reach the intestine once they are ingested. |
| 'Hot' spin quantum bits in silicon transistors Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:38 AM PDT Quantum bits (qubits) are the smallest units of information in a quantum computer. Currently, one of the biggest challenges in developing this kind of powerful computer is scalability. A research group has now made a breakthrough in this area. |
| https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/3240.html?id=6625 Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Tropical peatlands are one of the most efficient carbon sinks. The flipside is that they can become massive emitters of carbon if they are damaged, for instance by land use change, degradation or fire. This can lead to faster climate warming. Researchers now show how peatland in the coastal areas in Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia developed over thousands of years and how climate and sea level influenced their dynamics throughout. |
| Therapy can support medication treatment for opioid use disorder Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Receiving psychosocial and behavioral therapy alongside medications for opioid use disorder leads to better treatment engagement and continuity, according to researchers. |
| Spinal fluid sampling used to track treatment response in pediatric glioma Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Treatment for glioma has long relied on MRI imaging to track tumor markers and treatment response. But new findings suggest a new method could provide additional data about tumor markers before changes appear on an MRI, indicating possible strategies to help clinicians address this aggressive form of cancer. |
| Scientists develop the largest, most detailed model of the early universe to date Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Thesan is a new universe simulation that models the first billion years of the universe with the highest resolution, over the largest volume, to date. |
| Citizen divers aid understanding of fish in the Salish sea Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Citizen scientists are increasingly playing crucial roles in understanding fish populations, according to a new study. Over the past 20 years, volunteers have helped monitor more than half of the total fish species known to occur in the Salish Sea. |
| Cells dancing harmonic duets could enable personalized cancer therapies Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT Mechanical engineers are using two electronic 'voices' singing a harmonic duet to control suspended particles and cells in new and valuable ways. Their prototype device can form and rotate a single-layer crystal from a group of particles, create arbitrary shapes with a given number of particles, and move pairs of biological cells together and apart again hundreds of times. These abilities could serve fields like materials science, biophysics, life science and medicine. |
| New research shows certain exercises can help with muscular dystrophy Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT A new study using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in zebrafish found that certain activities may help strengthen muscles affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a severe type of muscular dystrophy that affects young boys. The researchers designed four NMES regimens for zebrafish with a mutation that closely modeled the disease. They then put the fish into an underwater 3D printed 'gym' made up of tunnels and electrodes, and analyzed their skeletal muscles to see how they had changed. |
| Once called cellular debris, tiny bubbles may play key role in understanding, treating diseases Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT Scientists have long puzzled about a critical way that cells communicate with one another, but researchers have now used a simple roundworm to solve the mystery. |
| Scientists shave ‘hairs’ off nanocrystals to improve their electronic properties Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT A new study introduces a breakthrough in making nanocrystals function together electronically. The research may open the doors to future devices with new abilities. |
| New Fermi arcs could provide a new path for electronics Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT Newly discovered Fermi arcs that can be controlled through magnetism could be the future of electronics based on electron spins. During a recent investigation of the rare-earth monopnictide NdBi (neodymium-bismuth), researchers discovered a new type of Fermi arc that appeared at low temperatures when the material became antiferromagnetic, i.e., neighboring spins point in opposite directions. |
| Carbon-coated nickel enables fuel cell free of precious metals Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:45 PM PDT A nitrogen doped carbon-coated nickel anode can catalyze an essential reaction in hydrogen fuel cells at a fraction of the cost of the precious metals currently used, researchers have found. |
| Novel method to identify and treat aggressive early-stage lung cancers Posted: 24 Mar 2022 12:41 PM PDT Researchers have developed a novel method to identify aggressive early-stage lung cancers and target drugs known as aurora kinase inhibitors to tumors that are especially likely to respond to them. The findings could lead to great advances in treatment for lung adenocarcinoma, the most common type of lung cancer. |
| One in four women experience domestic violence before age 50, analysis finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Over one in four women (or 27 per cent) experience intimate partner violence before the age of 50, according to a worldwide analysis. The largest of its kind, the analysis covers 366 studies involving more than 2 million women in 161 countries. |
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