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| Body's response to different strains of tuberculosis could affect transmission Posted: 16 Apr 2022 01:11 PM PDT Two strains of the bacterium causing tuberculosis have only minor genetic differences but attack the lungs in completely different fashion, according to researchers. |
| DIY digital archaeology: New methods for visualizing small objects and artifacts Posted: 15 Apr 2022 01:38 PM PDT A new article presents step-by-step protocols for creating publishable 2D and 3D visualizations. The techniques will allow anyone to produce high-quality images and models with minimal effort and cost. |
| Changes in vegetation shaped global temperatures over last 10,000 years Posted: 15 Apr 2022 01:38 PM PDT Follow the pollen. Records from past plant life tell the real story of global temperatures. Warmer temperatures brought plants -- and then came even warmer temperatures, according to new model simulations. |
| New knowledge on lymphoid cell maturity could lead to more effective IBD therapies Posted: 15 Apr 2022 01:37 PM PDT A research group has analyzed how certain immune cells known as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) develop into mature cells that play a part in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The findings could pave the way for more effective treatments against IBD, a disease that causes considerable suffering and that is linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. |
| Posted: 15 Apr 2022 01:37 PM PDT In a work of systematic biology that advances the field, researchers have identified 16 distinct cell populations in a complex area of the midbrain called the ventral tegmental area, or VTA. The VTA is important for its role in the dopamine neurotransmission involved in reward-directed behavior. Substance use disorders involve dysregulation of these reward circuits, leading to repeated drug-seeking despite adverse consequences. |
| Engineers enlist AI to help scale up advanced solar cell manufacturing Posted: 15 Apr 2022 10:54 AM PDT Perovskite materials could potentially replace silicon to make solar cells that are far thinner, lighter, and cheaper. But turning these materials into a product that can be manufactured competitively has been a long struggle. A new system using machine learning could speed the development of optimized production methods, and help make this next generation of solar power a reality. |
| Rain, floods and green infrastructure: Are cities mitigating the hazards equitably? Posted: 15 Apr 2022 09:47 AM PDT New research combines demographic data with the distribution of GI and geographic areas prone to rainwater flooding in Portland, Phoenix and Atlanta and asks whether these cities are equitably building GI to mitigate flood risks. |
| US Nationwide maps of bird species can help protect biodiversity Posted: 15 Apr 2022 09:47 AM PDT Researchers have developed the maps at a fine-enough resolution to help conservation managers focus their efforts where they are most likely to help birds -- in individual counties or forests, rather than across whole states or regions. |
| A new toolkit to engineer safe and efficient therapeutic cells Posted: 15 Apr 2022 09:47 AM PDT Researchers undertook a systematic analysis of the molecular building blocks used to engineer therapeutic cells. Their work resulted in a comprehensive rule book for the design of therapeutic cells with improved specificity and safety, and for the eventual customization of cell-based therapies. |
| Methane from waste should not be wasted: Exploring landfill ecosystems Posted: 15 Apr 2022 09:47 AM PDT Scientists explore microbial communities flourishing in leachate, a liquid percolating through solid waste in a landfill. They find that the composition and behavior of specific microbes found in arid landfills, like those in Arizona, are distinct from similar communities in more subtropical or temperate climates. Microbial composition also differs depending on the age of the landfill deposits. |
| Research could enable assembly line synthesis of prevalent amine-containing drugs Posted: 15 Apr 2022 08:58 AM PDT A research team has discovered a new chemical reaction that provides a simple, rapid way of making tertiary amines -- swinging the door wide open to the discovery of new medicinal compounds. |
| Socioeconomic factors affect response to depression treatment Posted: 15 Apr 2022 08:21 AM PDT A new research study shows how socioeconomic factors affect outcomes for patients being treated for depression even when receiving equal access to care. |
| Study reveals male sex hormones are new targets for cancer immunotherapy Posted: 15 Apr 2022 08:21 AM PDT A study examined the differences in intratumoral immune responses between male and female cancers of non-reproductive origin. |
| Smoking reduces wealth's tendency to increase life expectancy Posted: 15 Apr 2022 08:21 AM PDT A new study finds that the percentage of Americans surviving from age 65 to 85 was 19 percentage points higher for someone with at least $300,000 in wealth than for those with no assets. But there was a 37 percentage point difference between those who never smoked and current smokers. |
| Decoding a direct dialog between the gut microbiota and the brain Posted: 15 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Gut microbiota by-products circulate in the bloodstream, regulating host physiological processes including immunity, metabolism and brain functions. Scientists have discovered that hypothalamic neurons in an animal model directly detect variations in bacterial activity and adapt appetite and body temperature accordingly. These findings demonstrate that a direct dialog occurs between the gut microbiota and the brain, a discovery that could lead to new therapeutic approaches for tackling metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. |
| Lost South American wildflower named 'extinctus' rediscovered (but still endangered) Posted: 15 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT This South American wildflower was presumed extinct -- to the point that its official scientific name is Gasteranthus extinctus. But now, scientists are reporting the first confirmed sightings in 40 years. This not only means that this one little flower made it, but that an important concept in conservation biology called Centinelan extinction needs to be re-examined. |
| Posted: 14 Apr 2022 11:39 AM PDT A cell's production of fat molecules can be a key factor in determining what that cell will become. |
| Methionine restriction may improve aggressive brain cancer prognosis in children Posted: 14 Apr 2022 09:35 AM PDT Deadly brain cancers called diffuse midline gliomas are uniquely dependent on methionine, an amino acid abundant in legumes and poultry. |
| Human fetuses evolved to slow shoulder growth for easier delivery Posted: 14 Apr 2022 08:08 AM PDT The growth of human shoulders slows down just before birth and speeds up thereafter; this alleviates the problem of shoulder dystocia. Computed tomography was used to obtain cross-sectional representations of the clavicle in humans, chimpanzees, and Japanese macaques; the researchers then looked at different shoulder-width to birth-risk correlations between humans and the two other primates. |
| Indoor-active photocatalyst for antiviral coating against various variant types of SARS-CoV-2 Posted: 14 Apr 2022 08:07 AM PDT A photocatalyst made using a combination of titanium dioxide and copper oxide nanoclusters inactivates various variant types of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Scientists have developed this antiviral photocatalyst, in a recent breakthrough, which has been proven to be effective under both darkness and indoor light. |
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