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| Smartwatches and fitness bands reveal individual physiological responses to COVID-19 vaccine Posted: 19 Apr 2022 02:07 PM PDT A new digital health study shows how data from wearable sensors, such as smartwatches and fitness bands, can track a person's physiological response to the COVID-19 vaccination. |
| Revising the lifecycle of an important human parasite Posted: 19 Apr 2022 02:07 PM PDT Researchers have tracked Cryptosporidium in real time, creating a new paradigm for how the widespread parasite reproduces in a host. |
| Regulating the regulators of the immune system Posted: 19 Apr 2022 02:07 PM PDT Scientists reveal a new layer of complexity with which the immune system finds a balance between controlling pathogens and protecting healthy tissue. |
| Bioengineers visualize fat storage in fruit flies Posted: 19 Apr 2022 11:07 AM PDT A new visualization technique is being used to untangle often discussed, yet mysterious, links between diet and things like obesity, diabetes and aging. |
| Mental illness associated with increased death from cardiovascular disease Posted: 19 Apr 2022 11:07 AM PDT Compared to the general population, people with severe mental illness, including schizophrenia, have higher levels of cardiovascular-related mortality, and that association has become stronger over recent decades, according to a new study. |
| New research predicts the disappearance of Olympic Peninsula glaciers Posted: 19 Apr 2022 10:23 AM PDT By 2070, the glaciers on the Olympic Peninsula, in Washington State, will have largely disappeared, according to a new study. Although some glaciers will probably remain -- albeit as tiny shells of their former selves. Since about 1900 the region has lost half of its glacier area and since 1980, 35 glaciers and 16 perennial snowfields have disappeared. |
| Portable, point-of-care COVID-19 test discerns alpha variant from earlier strains Posted: 19 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT A point-of-care COVID-19 test developed by researchers can now detect and differentiate the alpha variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from earlier strains in saliva samples. |
| Cancer burden facing Asian Americans partly caused by racism, experts say Posted: 19 Apr 2022 09:41 AM PDT Racism facing Asian Americans is compounding existing cancer inequities. They are the first U.S. population group to experience cancer as the leading cause of death. A commentary outlines the factors contributing to this. |
| Engineers introduce the Oreometer Posted: 19 Apr 2022 09:40 AM PDT Engineers subjected Oreo cookies to rigorous materials tests to get to the center of a tantalizing question: Why does the cookie's cream stick to just one wafer when twisted apart? |
| How air pollution alters lung tissue, increasing cancer susceptibility Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:25 AM PDT Scientists have identified a mechanism that explains how fine air pollution particles might cause lung cancer, according to a new study. |
| A new understanding of how the immune system deals with malaria Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:25 AM PDT By analysing samples from patients who have been treated for malaria in Sweden, researchers can now describe how the immune system acts to protect the body after a malaria infection. The results provide knowledge that can aid in the development of more effective vaccines against the disease. |
| Sending out bacteria-carrying mosquitoes to protect people from dengue Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:25 AM PDT Researchers developed a model to spatially distribute mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria, which reduce the transmission of the dengue virus. The researchers use real data on human and vector activity in a framework that can be analyzed from a mathematical point of view, allowing them to re-create and understand the epidemiological situation and identify those geographical areas with the greatest vulnerability, creating a ranking of areas that prioritizes those where Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes can have the strongest and most beneficial impact on the spread of the virus. |
| New approach against chronic inflammation: Treating mice with so-called 'nanobodies' Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:24 AM PDT Researchers have succeeded in mitigating chronic inflammation in mice using customized 'mini-antibodies.' These nanobodies enabled them to dissolve molecular complexes in tissue that normally activate the immune system. The nanobodies produced may in future help to slow down unwanted inflammatory reactions that cause diseases such as arthritis or neurodegeneration. |
| Most vital strategies for successfully implementing changes in industry Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:24 AM PDT Researchers have conducted a study in which they studied change initiatives at more than 600 architecture, engineering and construction firms in North America. They found those that were very successful and sustainable used six key strategies, and that effective change agents and a realistic timeline were vital to making an initiative a lasting success. |
| New process enables 3D printing of small and complex components made of glass in just a few minutes Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:24 AM PDT Scientists combine materials science invention with newly developed 3D printing technology. Components made of highly transparent glass can be manufactured in just a few minutes and with great geometric freedom. Possible applications of the new process technology are micro-optical components of sensors, microscopes or lab-on-a-chip systems |
| Cross-racial study of 1.87m vets shows wide disparities in dementia Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:24 AM PDT In what is believed to be the largest study to date on race and dementia, researchers tracked health and demographic data from close to two million veterans. It compared rates of dementia across five racial groups and showed significant race-based variations in the incidence of the condition. |
| Wearables can track COVID symptoms, other diseases Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:24 AM PDT If you become ill with COVID-19, your smartwatch can track the progression of your symptoms, and could even show how sick you become. |
| Almost ready for prime time: Deep UV photodetectors head to real-world testing Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:24 AM PDT Researchers are asking why, after decades of development and promising results, ultrawide bandgap photodetectors with deep UV capabilities haven't enjoyed widespread adoption, and are taking stock of advancements and challenges in the field. Unlike their silicon-based counterparts, UWBG photodetectors made from aluminum gallium nitride and gallium (III) oxide are more efficient, can tailor cutoff wavelengths, and do not need optical filters to reject visible or infrared wavelengths for solar-blind applications. |
| Posted: 19 Apr 2022 08:23 AM PDT Ice-penetrating radar data from Greenland suggests that shallow water pockets may be common within Europa's ice shell, increasing the potential habitability of the Jovian moon's ice shell. |
| Biologists find new protective factor against excessive lipid accumulation in liver of obese mouse Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), commonly known as fatty liver disease, is a prevalent disease frequently seen in obese people. Having high fat content in the liver is detrimental as it is strongly associated with severe health problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, and liver cancer. A research team uncovers a new protective mechanism against this disorder. |
| Researchers create 3D model for rare neuromuscular disorders, setting stage for clinical trial Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT Scientists have created a bioengineered 3-D model that mimics the biology of two rare diseases. The researchers used the 'tissue chip' model to show how a drug could potentially treat the diseases, providing data for a drug company's FDA submission for authorization for clinical testing. This is one of the first examples of using primarily tissue chip data for an FDA application to test the efficacy of a candidate drug for rare diseases. |
| Nanoparticles prove effective against the yellow fever mosquito Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT Before being accidentally introduced to the New World by the 16th century slave trade, the yellow fever mosquito was a species native only to Africa. Highly adaptable, it has since become an invasive species in North America, but researchers at may have found a way to squash the pesky population in its juvenile stages. |
| Genes can affect our nutrient tolerance Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT A new study finds that minor genetic differences can affect the ability to utilize the energy of various nutrients. This work shows how nutritional planning based on genetic data could promote the development of personalized nutrition for health. |
| Particles released by red blood cells are effective carriers for anti-cancer immunotherapy Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT A study has demonstrated that nano-sized vesicles released by red blood cells are a viable platform for delivering immunotherapeutic RNA molecules to suppress breast cancer growth and metastasis. The study successfully delivered RIG-I-activating RNAs using small, lipid membrane-bound particles released by red blood cells, called red blood cell extracellular vesicles (RBCEVs), to suppress cancer progression. The team had also discovered in earlier studies that these vesicles are ideal therapeutic carriers with a natural ability to deliver bioactive molecules to many cell types. |
| Study reveals new therapeutic option for head and neck carcinomas Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT The various manifestations of head and neck carcinomas rank sixth in frequency worldwide and are fatal for about half a million people every year. In a quarter of cases, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and, currently, is not always treatable. A research team has now discovered a possible new therapeutic option. |
| Promising drug candidates for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever identified Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT Researchers have identified key signalling pathways that when blocked by existing drug candidates limit reproduction of the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus. The findings offer hope for patients affected by this potentially deadly disease. |
| When the rust settles: Uncovering the movements of coffee leaf rust disease Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT Researchers have found a high incidence of coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease in Vietnam, the world's second-largest coffee producer. Potential origins and migration routes were revealed, as well as a close genetic relationship with several Central and South American rust fungus populations. These findings will help to predict future spread of CLR, and highlight the need to consider seedling sources and human activities in CLR management. |
| Phase transitions in the early universe and their signals Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT The early universe may chirp about unknown physics. A research team has demonstrated how an early universe phase transition will lead to gravitational wave signals potentially visible in the upcoming satellite missions. |
| Psychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer´s disease Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT In addition to memory problems and other cognitive symptoms, most people with Alzheimer's disease also suffer from mental health issues. It has long been unclear whether these occur because of tissue changes in the brain, or whether they represent psychological reactions to cognitive symptoms. |
| A better way to reduce child maltreatment Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT A first-of-its-kind national study has found that a special program adopted in many states to help some families at risk of child maltreatment has been surprisingly successful. |
| Novel treatment effective for sidewall brain aneurysm, study finds Posted: 19 Apr 2022 07:32 AM PDT A novel mesh plug that has been traditionally used to treat brain aneurysms occurring where the blood vessels branch out was found to be equally effective in treating aneurysms on the side of the vessel, according to a new study. |
| Fruit snack or edible? Study finds some cannabis products look like popular snacks Posted: 19 Apr 2022 06:23 AM PDT Some cannabis edibles look remarkably like popular snack foods and may be easily confused for them, finds a new study. |
| Researchers take step toward developing 'electric eye' Posted: 19 Apr 2022 06:23 AM PDT Using nanotechnology, scientists have created a newly designed neuromorphic electronic device that endows microrobotics with colorful vision. The newly designed artificial vision device could have far-reaching applications for the fields of medicine, artificial intelligence, and microrobotics. |
| About 30 percent of COVID patients develop 'Long COVID,' research finds Posted: 19 Apr 2022 06:23 AM PDT New research finds that 30 percent of people treated for COVID-19 developed Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), most commonly known as 'Long COVID.' |
| Guiding a superconducting future with graphene quantum magic Posted: 19 Apr 2022 06:23 AM PDT Superconductors are materials that conduct electrical current with practically no electrical resistance at all. This ability makes them extremely interesting and attractive for a plethora of applications such as loss-less power cables, electric motors and generators, as well as powerful electromagnets that can be used for MRI imaging and for magnetic levitating trains. Now, researchers have detailed the superconducting nature of a new class of superconducting material, magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. |
| No glacial fertilization effect in the Antarctic Ocean Posted: 19 Apr 2022 06:23 AM PDT Can iron-rich dust fertilize the ocean, stimulate algae growth there, and thereby capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? An international research team used deep-sea sediment cores from the Scotia Sea to investigate whether this hypothetical greenhouse gas sink had an effect during ice ages. Although dust input was high during ice ages, no evidence of a fertilization effect could be found in the Antarctic Ocean. Rather, the production of algae, for example, and thus carbon dioxide sequestration, was high only during warm periods when dust input was low. |
| The origins and ID of pancreatic endocrine cells Posted: 19 Apr 2022 06:23 AM PDT Scientists show that endocrine stem cells in the pancreas disappear after birth, and detail the genetic identity of the different types of pancreatic hormone-producing cells. |
| Pacific Northwest wildfires alter air pollution patterns across North America Posted: 19 Apr 2022 06:18 AM PDT Increasingly large and intense wildfires in the Pacific Northwest are altering the seasonal pattern of air pollution and causing a spike in unhealthy pollutants in August, according to new research. The smoke is undermining clean air gains, posing potential risks to the health of millions of people, according to the study. |
| Posted: 18 Apr 2022 01:49 PM PDT Environmental scientists have published a series of significant recommendations to protect, conserve and study the world's coral reefs -- the 'canaries in the coal mine' of climate change. |
| Study finds infertility history linked with increased risk of heart failure Posted: 18 Apr 2022 01:49 PM PDT A woman's reproductive history can help predict her future risk of heart disease. |
| What food sector needs to know about how to reduce sodium Posted: 18 Apr 2022 01:49 PM PDT Sodium is an essential micronutrient, but the amount we need is small. Three slices of bread or one teaspoon of table salt will do it, and chances are your daily sodium intake is far greater. More than 90% of Americans consume too much sodium, which can lead to hypertension, high blood pressure, and increased risk of heart disease and stroke. A new article provides a comprehensive review of scientific literature on sodium reduction strategies in food production. |
| COVID-19 vaccine protects kids and teens from severe illness Posted: 18 Apr 2022 01:49 PM PDT Results of a new multicenter study found that vaccination with a primary series of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA COVID-19 vaccine reduced the risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalizations in children ages 5-11 years by two-thirds during the Omicron period. |
| Scientists resurrect ancient enzymes to improve photosynthesis Posted: 18 Apr 2022 01:49 PM PDT A new study describes a breakthrough in the quest to improve photosynthesis in certain crops, a step toward adapting plants to rapid climate changes and increasing yields to feed a projected 9 billion people by 2050. |
| Posted: 18 Apr 2022 01:49 PM PDT Engineers have developed a new way to 3D-print liquid and solid materials together, potentially leading to more dynamic and useful products -- from robots to wearable electronic devices. |
| Genetic analysis provides insights into the cause of hydrocephalus, or 'water on the brain' Posted: 18 Apr 2022 12:21 PM PDT Genetic studies of children with hydrocephalus ('water on the brain') combined with mouse models indicate that in certain genetic subtypes, the condition arises due to abnormal neurodevelopment that disrupts mechanical stability of the brain. Treatment strategies need to optimize brain development beyond the current standard of simply draining brain fluid. |
| Illumination of immune checkpoint LAG3 'black box' could yield new cancer and autoimmune therapies Posted: 18 Apr 2022 11:54 AM PDT A new study pinpoints how an immune checkpoint protein called LAG3 modulates T cell activity, providing important insights for development of LAG3-blocking therapies for cancer and autoimmune disorders. |
| Lithium's narrow paths limit batteries Posted: 18 Apr 2022 11:38 AM PDT Study suggests that lithium batteries would benefit from more porous electrodes with better-aligned particles that don't limit lithium distribution. |
| Adriatic ecosystems withstand major climate shifts but wither under human impact Posted: 18 Apr 2022 11:38 AM PDT An analysis of more than 70,000 fossils indicates that mollusk communities were incredibly resilient to major climatic shifts during the last ice age. Scientists from the Florida Museum of Natural History and several European research institutions tracked the history of Adriatic ecosystems through two warm periods that bookend the most recent glacial expansion. Their results show that major changes in temperature, salinity and sea-level had much less of an impact on mollusk communities than the current environmental crisis caused by human activity in the region. |
| Nanoparticles show promise for locating, removing endometriosis lesions Posted: 18 Apr 2022 11:38 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new nanotechnology approach for locating and removing the painful and dangerous lesions associated with endometriosis, a common gynecological condition in women of childbearing age. |
| AI reduces miss rate of precancerous polyps in colorectal cancer screening Posted: 18 Apr 2022 09:55 AM PDT Artificial intelligence reduced by twofold the rate at which precancerous polyps were missed in colorectal cancer screening, reported a team of international researchers. |
| Genetics affects functions of gut microbiome Posted: 18 Apr 2022 09:29 AM PDT Scientists are exploring how human genetics impacts functions of the gut microbiome, and are expanding awareness of the role human genetics plays in shaping the microbiome. |
| Recreational marijuana access reduces demand for prescription drugs Posted: 18 Apr 2022 09:29 AM PDT Legalization of recreational marijuana reduces demand for costly prescription drugs through state Medicaid programs, according to a new analysis. |
| Scientists record case of harmful bacteria in ubiquitous weed throughout US Posted: 18 Apr 2022 09:04 AM PDT Scientists have recorded the first North American case of a harmful phytoplasma disease known for its threat to fruit, vegetable and ornamental crops in South America and the Middle East. To make matters worse, scientists confirmed the host for the disease to be one of the most noxious and rapidly spreading weeds commonly found in a wide range of environments throughout the United States and into Canada. |
| Bacterial soundtracks revealed by graphene membrane Posted: 18 Apr 2022 09:04 AM PDT Have you ever wondered if bacteria make distinctive sounds? If we could listen to bacteria, we would be able to know whether they are alive or not. When bacteria are killed using an antibiotic, those sounds would stop -- unless of course the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic. This is exactly what a team of researchers have now have managed to do: they captured low-level noise of a single bacterium using graphene. |
| Newly developed genetic risk scores could help patients, physicians make health decisions Posted: 18 Apr 2022 09:04 AM PDT Researchers have developed and validated polygenic risk scores for six common diseases. The team also developed informational resources for each disease to help physicians and patients discuss how to incorporate PRS when making medical decisions about screening and prevention. |
| Clinicians grapple with decisions in crisis-care simulation Posted: 18 Apr 2022 09:04 AM PDT A new analysis conveys the moral distress that triage team members experienced while participating in a simulated crisis-care event in which they had to decide which patients would and would not be prioritized to receive life-sustaining resources. |
| Recipe for valuable chemical improved Posted: 18 Apr 2022 09:04 AM PDT Theorists show why salt gives a significant speed boost to valuable 2D molybdenum disulfide, an effect they say may work for other 2D materials as well. |
| Extract from a common kitchen spice could be key to greener, more efficient fuel cells Posted: 18 Apr 2022 07:49 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a novel way to combine curcumin -- the substance in turmeric -- and gold nanoparticles to create an electrode that requires 100 times less energy to efficiently convert ethanol into electricity. |
| A single allele deletion in gene encoding Zbtb38 leads to early embryonic death Posted: 18 Apr 2022 06:40 AM PDT Researchers have found that heterozygous loss of the methyl-CpG binding protein Zbtb38 downregulated the expression of the transcription factors Nanog and Sox2, as well as genes involved in epiblast proliferation, differentiation, and viability. This finding highlights the methyl-CpG binding protein's physiological significance throughout embryonic development. |
| New insights into fermentation enzyme will lower the chemical industry's carbon footprint Posted: 18 Apr 2022 06:40 AM PDT Researchers have determined the atom-by-atom structure of the fermentation enzyme phosphoketolase by cryogenic electron microscopy. They identified details that were mistakenly characterized by X-ray crystallography yet are essential for correlating enzyme structure with enzyme function. These findings will help researchers produce chemical feedstocks in an environmentally sustainable manner, and thus lower the carbon footprint of the chemical industry. |
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