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| Federal research funding has positive 'ripple effects' Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT Federal funding for biomedical research has a 'ripple effect' of stimulating new studies even beyond the original purposes of a grant and may provide unexpected benefits, a new study suggests. |
| Breakthrough in estimating fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT Scientists have made a major breakthrough in detecting changes in fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions more quickly and frequently. |
| An ocean in your brain: Interacting brain waves key to how we process information Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT For years, the brain has been thought of as a biological computer that processes information through traditional circuits, whereby data zips straight from one cell to another. While that model is still accurate, a new study shows that there's also a second, very different way that the brain parses information: through the interactions of waves of neural activity. The findings help researchers better understand how the brain processes information. |
| Making 3D printing truly 3D: eliminating need for 2D layering Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT Researchers describe a technique of volumetric 3D printing that goes beyond the bottom-up, layered approach. The process eliminates the need for support structures because the resin it creates is self-supporting. |
| A roadmap for deepening understanding of a puzzling universal process Posted: 22 Apr 2022 10:18 AM PDT Scientists have detailed a roadmap for untangling a key aspect of magnetic recognition that could deepen insight into the workings of the cosmos. |
| Scientists turn a hydrogen molecule into a quantum sensor Posted: 22 Apr 2022 10:18 AM PDT Using a scanning tunneling microscope equipped with a femtosecond terahertz laser, scientists have exploited the quantum properties of a two-atom hydrogen molecule to observe changes in the electrostatic field of a target sample, turning the hydrogen molecule into a quantum sensor. |
| Less prostate cancer screening reduces overdiagnosis but may miss aggressive cases Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT Over the past 15 years, public health authorities have downgraded recommendations for the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test as a screening tool to reduce the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of men with low-grade prostate cancer. Now, researchers have found that while these efforts have been effective, the incidence of higher-grade disease and metastasis at diagnosis have risen. |
| Fluid flow stimulates chemosynthesis in a Greek salad of hydrothermal microbes Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT A new study uses an innovative approach to examine a shallow-water hydrothermal system and the production of microbes there in situ and near natural conditions as a model to assess the importance of hydrothermal fluid circulation on chemosynthesis. |
| Discovery sheds light on why the Pacific islands were colonized Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT Evidence of the early colonization of the Pacific has been described as like finding a needle in a haystack by researchers who have unearthed items from more than 3000 years ago in Papua New Guinea. |
| Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT In a study that included tests of three types of human cancer cells, researchers report that ST6Gal-I--mediated sialylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor modulates cell mechanics and enhances invasion by the cancer cells. |
| Evidence suggests cancer is not as purely genetic as once thought Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT New evidence shows that cancer is not as heritable or purely genetic as once thought, and taking a multi-omics approach may lead to a better understanding of how to prevent and treat it. |
| Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT Researchers have used the singing saw to demonstrate how the geometry of a curved sheet, like curved metal, could be tuned to create high-quality, long-lasting oscillations for applications in sensing, nanoelectronics, photonics and more. |
| Obsession with failure and hunt for perfection linked to burnout, sports study uncovers Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT The hunt for perfection and obsession over tiny mistakes are strongly linked to burnout in athletes, a new study has found. |
| Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT Pancreatic cancer has a significantly poor prognosis; therefore, the development of effective treatments is an unmet clinical need. The major drawback in this field was the lack of useful model animals, which delayed the establishment of markers for early diagnosis and therapeutic options. The research group established an effective carcinogenesis method with wild-type rats by selectively introducing oncogenes into the pancreas, using the pancreas-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery method that has been developed by the group. |
| Flexible electronics get brighter Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT Scientists have fabricated a flexible material that lights up brightly when stretched and/or when an electric field is applied. The results show promise for the development of bright, sustainable, stretchable devices for use, for example, as interactive skin displays and in soft robotics. |
| Understanding arteriosclerosis: How blood vessels restructure under pressure Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT Hypertension, a very common condition worldwide, can lead to arteriosclerosis through alterations in the structure of blood vessel walls known as 'vascular remodeling.' In a recent study, an international team of scientists unveiled a molecular pathway for the development of arteriosclerosis for the first time. This could pave the way to better medication for preventing and treating hypertension and arteriosclerosis. |
| New self-cleaning optical fiber can help in monitoring environment and diagnosing cancer Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT Researchers have successfully developed a novel optical fiber design allowing the generation of rainbow laser light in the molecular fingerprint electromagnetic region. This new optical fiber with a self-cleaned beam can help in developing applications to, for example, tagging pollutants, cancer diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food control. |
| Water processing: Light helps degrade hormones Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT Micropollutants in water often are hormones that accumulate in the environment and may have negative impacts on humans and animals. Researchers have now developed a process for the photocatalytic degradation of these pollutants when they flow through polymer membranes. Irradiation with light triggers a chemical reaction, as a result of which steroid hormones are degraded on the membranes coated with titanium dioxide. |
| New factors that can predict breast cancer recurrence defined Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT Genetics and other factors that can determine if a woman is at risk for a recurrence of breast cancer have been identified, providing new research avenues for preventing a new tumor from developing. |
| Artificial intelligence helps physicians better assess the effectiveness of bladder cancer treatment Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT In a small but multi-institutional study, an artificial intelligence-based system improved providers' assessments of whether patients with bladder cancer had complete response to chemotherapy before a radical cystectomy (bladder removal surgery). |
| Lesser known ozone layer's outsized role in planet warming Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT New research has identified a lesser-known form of ozone playing a big role in heating the Southern Ocean -- one of Earth's main cooling systems. |
| Atomic terahertz-vibrations solve the enigma of ultrashort soliton molecules Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT Optical solitons often combine into pairs with very short temporal separation. Introducing atomic vibrations in the terahertz range, researchers have solved the puzzle of how these temporal links are formed. |
| Differences in children's behavior predict midlife health behaviors, study finds Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT A recent study in Finland investigated the paths from childhood socioemotional behavior to midlife health behavior decades later. Socioemotional behaviour at age 8 predicted health behaviour both directly and indirectly through education. |
| Deepest sediment core collected in the Atlantic Ocean Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT A team of scientists, engineers, and ship's crew on the research vessel Neil Armstrong operated by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) recently collected a 38-foot-long cylindrical sediment sample from the deepest part of the Puerto Rico Trench, nearly 5 miles below the surface. |
| This algorithm has opinions about your face Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT Researchers have now taught an AI algorithm to model first impressions and accurately predict how people will be perceived based on a photograph of their face. |
| New algorithm could simplify decisions for ship channel dredging Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT Every ship channel has to be dredged. With high costs involved, a dredging project's managers have to be on the money in their timing and logistics choices. A new algorithm presents decision-makers with accurate context, comparisons and boots-on-the ground observations. |
| Calming overexcited neurons may protect brain after stroke Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT By scanning the genomes of nearly 6,000 stroke patients, researchers have identified two genes associated with recovery. Both are involved in regulating neuronal excitability, suggesting that targeting overstimulated neurons may help promote recovery in the pivotal first 24 hours. |
| Kauai's 2018 record-setting rain caused by a series of supercell thunderstorms Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT A record-setting rainstorm over Kaua'i, Hawai'i in April 2018 resulted in severe flash flooding and estimated damage of nearly $180 million. The deluge damaged or destroyed 532 homes, and landslides left people along Kaua'i's north coast without access to their homes. Atmospheric scientists have now revealed that severe supercell thunderstorms were to blame. |
| COVID-19 can directly infect and damage human kidney cells Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT Researchers showed that SARS-CoV-2 can infect kidney cells via multiple binding sites and hijack the cell's machinery to replicate, causing injury and COVID-19-associated kidney disease. |
| Machine-learning model can distinguish antibody targets Posted: 21 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT A new study shows that it is possible to use the genetic sequences of a person's antibodies to predict what pathogens those antibodies will target. The new approach successfully differentiates between antibodies against influenza and those attacking SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. |
| 'Spring-loaded' system pops phosphorus into molecular rings Posted: 21 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT Chemists have devised a new chemical reaction that allows them to synthesize a phosphorus-containing ring, using a catalyst to add phosphorus to simple organic compounds called alkenes. |
| Nylon cooking bags, plastic-lined cups can release nanoparticles into liquids Posted: 21 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT Nylon cooking bags and plastic-lined cardboard cups are conveniences many people rely on, but a new study suggests that they are an underappreciated source of nanoparticles. They report that the plastic in these products release trillions of nanometer-sized particles into each liter of water that they come in contact with. That sounds like a lot, but the team notes that these levels are under the regulatory limits for consumption. |
| Study finds offshore wind could drive down energy costs in New England, US Posted: 21 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT While wind power is expected to be a 'saving grace' during extreme winter storms, researchers wanted to look at whether storms could also disrupt power supplies and drive up prices. |
| New production method promises to end medical radioisotope shortages Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT Technetium-99m is the world's most commonly used medical radioisotope, but regularly suffers from supply chain shortages, threatening the ability of doctors to diagnose a raft of ailments. But an alternative production technique looks set to make the radioisotope much more easily produced. |
| Indiana Jones was right all along: Research shows the smaller the scorpion, the deadlier Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT Researchers have shown that smaller species of scorpions, with smaller pincers, have more potent venoms compared to larger species with robust claws. |
| Why stored linseed oil tastes bitter -- and what you could do about it Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT Scientists have uncovered new molecular details relevant to the bitterness of stored linseed oil. The findings should help to develop suitable technological processes or breeding strategies that preserve the good taste of the edible oil for longer. |
| Can a messenger substance considered to be inflammatory alleviate asthma symptoms? Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT The messenger substance interleukin-3 produced by the body was previously considered to be pro-inflammatory in bronchial asthma. Researchers have now shown that the administration of interleukin-3, or IL-3 for short, can have a positive effect on chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. |
| Breast cancer: Why metastasis spreads to the bone Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT When cancer cells break away from a primary tumor and migrate to other organs, this is called 'metastatic cancer.' The organs affected by these metastases, however, depend in part on their tissue of origin. In the case of breast cancer, they usually form in the bones. |
| Uncovering the secret of ternary polymer solar cell success Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT A research team has used electron spin resonance spectroscopy to investigate a polymer solar cell while in operation. Molecular level comparison of the PTzBT/PC61BM system with and without added ITIC allowed them to establish the mechanism for the improvements in stability and power conversion efficiency observed when ITIC is added. It is hoped that this insight will contribute to the commercial realization of cost-effective flexible polymer solar cells. |
| Revolutionary images of the birth of crystals Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT Scientists have succeeded in visualizing crystal nucleation -- the stage that precedes crystallization -- that was invisible until now. |
| Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:16 AM PDT A study has found that living in a tree-filled environment is associated with better early childhood development than living in an environment where vegetation takes the form of grass cover. The analysis also found that both varieties of green space are associated with better child development outcomes than areas dominated by paved surfaces. |
| Some autism spectrum disorder symptoms linked to astrocytes Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT Abnormalities in a type of brain cell called astrocytes may play a pivotal role in causing some behavioral symptoms of autism spectrum disorders, according to a preclinical study. |
| Skin bacteria may boost immune response of mice vaccinated with smallpox vaccine, study shows Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT The global eradication of smallpox in the 1980s was achieved by intradermal vaccination with vaccinia virus. A study shows that there is a large increase in skin bacteria and suggests that this may enhance the immune response. |
| Large study of whole genome sequencing data reveals 'treasure trove' of clues about causes of cancer Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT DNA analysis of thousands of tumours from patients has found a 'treasure trove' of clues about the causes of cancer, with genetic mutations providing a personal history of the damage and repair processes each patient has been through. |
| Strategy for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT A research has developed new, highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. The breakthrough invention is expected to greatly accelerate the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology, providing a promising alternative to silicon solar cells. |
| Fungal meningitis spreads by blocking and bursting blood vessels Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT New research has revealed how fungus blocks and bursts blood vessels in the brain, helping scientists better understand how meningitis starts. |
| Cheaper solar cells could be on the way thanks to new materials Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT New solar cell devices that are cheaper and easier to make could soon make their way to market thanks to new materials. |
| Highway death toll messages cause more crashes Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT Displaying the highway death toll on message boards is a common awareness campaign, but new research shows this tactic actually leads to more crashes. This new study evaluated the effect of displaying crash death totals on highway message boards (e.g., '1669 deaths this year on Texas roads'). Versions of highway fatality messages have been displayed in at least 27 US states. |
| Dividing walls: How immune cells enter tissue Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT To get to the places where they are needed, immune cells not only squeeze through tiny pores. They even overcome wall-like barriers of tightly packed cells. Scientists have now discovered that cell division is key to their success. Together with other recent studies, their findings give the full picture of a process just as important for healing as for the spread of cancer. |
| Designing the perfect piece of chocolate Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:11 AM PDT We like some foods, and dislike others. Of course, the way food tastes is important, but mouthfeel, and even the sound that food makes when we bite it, also determine whether we enjoy the eating experience. Is it possible to design edible materials that optimize this enjoyment? Physicists and food researchers show that indeed it is. |
| Environmental DNA reveals secret reef inhabitants Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:11 AM PDT An international research team samples seawater from around the world to reveal which tropical reef fish occur where. To identify species and families, they successfully used the residual DNA shed by the animals present in the water. But not all fish can be traced in this way. |
| Earliest geochemical evidence of plate tectonics found in 3.8-billion-year-old crystal Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:10 AM PDT Plate tectonics may be unique to Earth and may be an essential characteristic of habitable planets. Estimates for its onset range from over 4 billion years ago to just 800 million years ago. A new study reports evidence of a transition in multiple locations around the world, 3.8-3.6 billion years ago, from stable 'protocrust' to pressures and processes that look a lot like modern subduction, suggesting a time when plates first got moving. |
| Humans disrupting 66-million-year-old feature of ecosystems Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:10 AM PDT Human-related extinctions of the largest herbivores and carnivores are disrupting what appears to be a fundamental feature of past and present ecosystems, says a new study. |
| Glowing spider fossils prompt breakthrough study of how they were preserved at Aix-en-Provence Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:10 AM PDT A new study asks: What are the unique chemical and geological processes at Aix-en-Provence that preserve spiders from the Oligocene Period so exquisitely? |
| New materials for storing flammable industrial gases Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT Engineers have just demonstrated a promising new family of materials for storing flammable gases such as acetylene. These materials are nanoporous and flexible and can be modified to improve the adsorption of small molecules at the temperature and pressure conditions required for industrial applications. |
| Melting land-based ice raises sea levels globally but can produce lowered levels locally Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT When a large ice sheet begins to melt, global-mean sea level rises, but local sea level near the ice sheet may in fact drop. A researcher illustrates this effect through a series of calculations, beginning with a simple, analytically tractable model and progressing through more sophisticated mathematical estimations of ice distributions and gravitation of displaced seawater mass. The paper includes numerical results for sea level change resulting from a 1,000-gigatonne loss of ice, with parameter values appropriate to the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. |
| Cortisol in shelter dog hair shows signs of stress Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT Despite the good care, a shelter can be a stressful environment for dogs. Researchers investigated if the amount of the hormone cortisol in hair indicates the levels of stress that dogs experience before, during and after their stay in the shelter. |
| Study reveals set of brain regions that control complex sequences of movement Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT In a novel set of experiments with mice trained to do a sequence of movements and 'change course' at the spur of the moment, scientists report they have identified areas of the animals' brains that interact to control the ability to perform complex, sequential movements, as well as to help the mice rebound when their movements are interrupted without warning. |
| Key to improved green tech efficiency found in simple acid treatment Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT The development of new, more efficient electrochemical cells could provide a good option for carbon-free hydrogen and chemical production along with large-scale electricity generation and storage. But first, scientists must overcome several challenges, including how to make the cells more efficient and cost-effective. |
| Microdrones with light-driven nanomotors Posted: 21 Apr 2022 10:09 AM PDT Physicists have managed to propel micrometer-sized drones precisely using light only. Their microdrones are significantly smaller than red blood cells. |
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