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| Genetic diversity of C. difficile, a particularly problematic pathogen Posted: 27 Apr 2022 02:14 PM PDT Researchers have used a systems biology approach to parse the genetic diversity of Clostridioides difficile, a particularly problematic pathogen, particularly in health care settings. |
| A new polymer system to revolutionize the delivery of therapeutics Posted: 27 Apr 2022 02:14 PM PDT Researchers recently announced that they have engineered a new class of material, called a 'polyzwitterionic complex,' or 'pZC,' which is able to both withstand the harsh acidic conditions of the stomach and then dissolve predictably in the comparatively gentle environment of the small intestine. This property means that pZCs could help revolutionize the delivery of medicines of all sorts, from familiar oral antibiotics to new classes of delicate protein therapeutics. |
| Scientists implicate non-cardiac genes in congenital heart disease Posted: 27 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT Researchers show that three transcription factors -- GATA4, NKX2-5 and TBX5 -- interact with CHD4 inside the embryonic heart, recruit it for action, and uses CHD4 to play their roles in heart health and disease. |
| In Einstein's footsteps and beyond Posted: 27 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT Physicists are re-examining the foundations of quantum physics from the perspective of momentum and exploring what happens when the momentum of light is reduced to zero. |
| A refined microbiome 'fingerprint' method tracks sub-strain variants of a single gut microbe strain Posted: 27 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT A previously developed a microbiome 'fingerprint' method that identifies single strains of particular gut bacteria through analysis of metagenomics data from fecal samples, has been refined to include looking for single-nucleotide variants in the KEGG metabolic pathways of a particular strain. This magnified analysis shows a short-term difference in sub-strain dynamics of two Bacteroides species between healthy individuals and hospitalized COVID-19 patients. |
| New device: Tallest height of any known jumper, engineered or biological Posted: 27 Apr 2022 12:41 PM PDT A mechanical jumper is capable of achieving the tallest height -- roughly 100 feet (30 meters) -- of any jumper to date, engineered or biological. The feat represents a fresh approach to the design of jumping devices and advances the understanding of jumping as a form of locomotion. |
| The instability at the beginning of the solar system Posted: 27 Apr 2022 12:40 PM PDT Michigan State University's Seth Jacobson and colleagues in China and France have unveiled a new theory that could help solve a galactic mystery of how our solar system evolved. Specifically, how did the gas giants -- Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune -- end up where they are, orbiting the sun like they do? The research also has implications for how terrestrial planets such as Earth were formed and the possibility that a fifth gas giant lurks 50 billion miles out into the distance. |
| Before Stonehenge monuments, hunter-gatherers made use of open habitats Posted: 27 Apr 2022 11:06 AM PDT Hunter-gatherers made use of open woodland conditions in the millennia before Stonehenge monuments were built, according to a new study. |
| Remote Ireland community survived a millennium of environmental change Posted: 27 Apr 2022 11:06 AM PDT A remote community in Ireland was adaptable enough to persist through a millennium of environmental change, according to a new study. |
| Neuronal plasticity in chronic pain-induced anxiety revealed Posted: 27 Apr 2022 11:06 AM PDT Researchers have shown how chronic pain leads to maladaptive anxiety in mice, with implications for treatment of chronic pain-related psychiatric disorders in humans. |
| Posted: 27 Apr 2022 11:06 AM PDT Scientists have developed an acid-based solvent that simplifies carbon nanotube processing in a way that's less toxic and easy to scale up for industrial applications. |
| Nanoplastic particles love company: Researchers analyze polyethylene degradation in environment Posted: 27 Apr 2022 09:42 AM PDT Polyethylene accounts for nearly one-third of the world's plastic waste. An interdisciplinary team has now investigated the progressive degradation of polyethylene in the environment for the first time. Although the degradation process leads to fragmentation into ever smaller particles, isolated nanoplastic particles are rarely found in the environment. The reason is that such decay products do not like to remain on their own, but rather attach rapidly to larger colloidal systems that occur naturally in the environment. |
| How it works: The protein that stimulates muscle growth Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:58 AM PDT Using genetic approaches, researchers have demonstrated how a certain protein is involved in skeletal muscle growth. The findings open new avenues to develop drug targets for neuromuscular diseases and other pathological conditions. |
| How one inflammatory disorder exacerbates another Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:58 AM PDT People with severe gum disease are at a higher risk of other inflammatory conditions, such as heart disease and arthritis, and the reverse is true as well. New research unpacks the mechanism underlying this association, demonstrating in mice that a susceptibility to arthritis can be transmitted by a bone marrow transplant if the donor has gum inflammation. |
| Japanese population projected to live longer without dementia Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:58 AM PDT A new microsimulation projects that over the next 20 years, Japanese people will live longer without dementia, but older women with a less than high school education will benefit less than men. |
| RNA binding proteins help T cells pick their weapons before battle Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:58 AM PDT Researchers have identified key drivers of T cell development which promote resilience to influenza virus infection. |
| Human skin has evolved to allow maximum durability and flexibility Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT Human skin has evolved to allow maximum durability and flexibility, according to new research. |
| Researchers investigate connection between loss of motivation and Alzheimer's disease progression Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT Researchers are studying why neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as apathy and irritability, appear in most Alzheimer's disease patients before the onset of memory loss. |
| E. coli bacteria exploits Crohn's disease inflammation Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT A multi-year study of the role of E. coli gut bacteria in Crohn's disease finds that intestinal inflammation liberates chemicals that nourish the bacteria's growth and promotes their ability to cause inflammation. |
| Study shows creativity assessments progressing slowly, including racialized, gendered approaches Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT Researchers have published a study in which they reviewed 11 years of research on creativity assessments and found the field is focusing on three main types of assessment between education and psychology. They note little innovation in the field and that the standard approaches are often gendered and racialized. The authors call for better understanding of creativity assessments to better serve all students, make creativity a more central part of education and better translate research to practice. |
| Electronic skin anticipates and perceives touch from different directions for the first time Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT Scientists have developed a new approach for miniaturization of soft ultra-compact and highly integrated sensor units for directional tactile sensitivity in e-skin systems. |
| Monitoring and evaluation of climate adaptation conservation initiatives Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT A new study offers pathways to improve monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of climate-informed conservation while revealing how practitioners are currently monitoring conservation adaptation projects. |
| Bat box design, placement matter for energy balance in endangered bats Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT New research looks at the effect of bat box design and placement on the energetic balance of endangered Indiana bats. |
| Plug-and-play organ-on-a-chip can be customized to the patient Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT Researchers have developed a model of human physiology in the form of a multi-organ chip consisting of engineered human heart, bone, liver, and skin that are linked by vascular flow with circulating immune cells, to allow recapitulation of interdependent organ functions. The researchers have essentially created a plug-and-play multi-organ chip, which is the size of a microscope slide, that can be customized to the patient. |
| Scientists find a genetic cause of lupus Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT An international team of researchers has identified DNA mutations in a gene that senses viral RNA, as a cause of the autoimmune disease lupus, with the finding paving the way for the development of new treatments. |
| Supernova reveals secrets to astronomers Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT An international group of astronomers has used observations to unlock a puzzling mystery about a stellar explosion discovered several years ago and evolving even now. The results will help astronomers better understand the process of how massive stars live and die. |
| Plastic-eating enzyme could eliminate billions of tons of landfill waste Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT An enzyme variant created by engineers and scientists can break down environment-throttling plastics that typically take centuries to degrade in just a matter of hours to days. |
| 'Keto' molecule may be useful in preventing and treating colorectal cancer, study suggests Posted: 27 Apr 2022 08:57 AM PDT Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an alternative-energy molecule produced by the body in response to starvation or low-carb diets, strongly suppresses the growth of colorectal tumors in lab experiments, according to a new study. |
| Glimpse inside a graphene sandwich Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:06 AM PDT In the search for novel types of superconductors -- phases of matter that that conduct electric current without loss -- scientists are investigating materials that consist of multiple layers. A team has studied in detail the properties of a system of three twisted graphene layers and gained important insights into its properties. |
| Anesthetic drastically diverts the travels of brain waves Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:06 AM PDT Under propofol general anesthesia very slow frequency traveling waves transform and dominate, redirecting and disrupting the higher frequency traveling waves associated with conscious function. |
| Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:06 AM PDT New data shows that the symptoms suffered by people with advanced Alzheimer's disease and related dementias who live in the community occur at a strikingly similar rate to those of dementia patients in a nursing home. |
| Risk of psychotic-like experiences can start in childhood Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Researchers have found that the more urban of an environment a child lived in -- proximity to roads, houses with lead paint risks, families in poverty, and income disparity -- the greater number of psychotic like experiences they had over a year's time. |
| New cocoa processing method produces fruitier, more 'flowery' dark chocolate Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Producing chocolate, one of the world's most beloved sweets, is a multistep process beginning with freshly harvested cocoa beans. People have been experimenting with chocolate-making for millennia, and even today, new methods are still being introduced. Now, researchers have found that an alternative processing step called 'moist incubation' results in a fruitier, more flowery-tasting dark chocolate than the conventional fermentation process. |
| UK wildlife watchers welcome 'ecological refugees' Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Wildlife watchers generally welcome species that have arrived in the UK due to climate change, new research suggests. |
| Solar beats nuclear at many potential settlement sites on Mars Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT While most missions to the moon and other planets rely upon solar power, scientists have assumed that any extended surface mission involving humans would require a more reliable source of energy: nuclear power. Improvements in photovoltaics are upending this calculus. A new study concludes that a solar power system would weigh less than a nuclear system, and would be sufficient to power a colony at sites over nearly half the surface. |
| Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT Hydrogen production using sunlight energy (solar-water splitting) has gained much attention in the quest to move towards carbon-neutral technologies. If chemical products with applications in the health and food industries could be produced at the same time as hydrogen, this would help reduce the cost of solar-water splitting, as well as increasing the technology's range of applications. |
| Threatened South American coati found roaming in a large city Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT The South American coati is a medium-sized mammal with a wide distribution in South America. Despite this, it is endangered in southern Brazil, primarily because of the loss of forest habitats. Researchers recorded an individual at the Canoas Airbase, one of the last remaining green spaces in a densely urbanized area of a large city in southern Brazil. |
| 3D bimodal photoacoustic ultrasound imaging to diagnose peripheral vascular diseases Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT A research team has developed a bimodal photoacoustic/ ultrasound imaging technology for the human foot. |
| New research identifies blood biomarker for predicting dementia before symptoms develop Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT New research has identified a blood biomarker that could help identify people with the earliest signs of dementia, even before the onset of symptoms. |
| New study finds childhood abuse linked to higher risk for high cholesterol as an adult Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:05 AM PDT The likelihood of developing high cholesterol -- a risk factor for heart disease and stroke -- was higher among white men and white women who experienced abuse during childhood, according to a study of more than 5,000 Black and white adults in the U.S. In contrast, growing up in a well-managed household with family members who were involved and engaged in the child's life offset the higher risk of high cholesterol among white women and Black men who reported abuse during childhood. |
| New mechanism to transfer chirality between molecules in the nanoscale field Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT New research describes how the modulation of the geometry of a helical reactor at a macroscopic level enables controlling the sign of chirality of a process at a nanometric scale, an unprecedented discovery to date in the scientific literature. |
| News from the climate history of the Dead Sea Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT The lake level of the Dead Sea is currently dropping by more than one meter every year -- mainly because of the heavy water consumption in the catchment area. However, very strong lake level drops due to climate changes are also known from earlier times. At the end of the last ice age, for example, the water level dropped by almost 250 meters within a few millennia. |
| Preventing infection with an improved silver coating for medical devices Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT According to folklore, silver bullets kill werewolves, but in the real world, researchers want to harness this metal to fight another deadly foe: bacteria. Recently, scientists have tried to develop a silver coating for implantable medical devices to protect against infection, but they've had limited success. Scientists now describe a new, long-acting silver-ion releasing coating that, in rats, prevents bacteria from adhering to implants and then kills them. |
| Lignin-based jet fuel packs more power for less pollution Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT An experimental plant-based jet fuel could increase engine performance and efficiency, while dispensing with aromatics, the pollution-causing compounds added to conventional fuels, according to new research. |
| Disposable masks could be used to improve concrete Posted: 27 Apr 2022 07:04 AM PDT With the pervasive single-use masks during the pandemic now presenting an environmental problem, researchers have demonstrated the idea of incorporating old masks into a cement mixture to create stronger, more durable concrete. |
| Physicists embark on a hunt for a long-sought quantum glow Posted: 26 Apr 2022 01:26 PM PDT Researchers say they've found a way to significantly increase the probability of observing the Unruh effect, a 'quantum glow' phenomenon that was first proposed in the 1970s. |
| Posted: 26 Apr 2022 01:25 PM PDT Novel system could lead to catalysts based on cheaper, more abundant nickel rather than more expensive precious metals. |
| Gastrointestinal issues linked with anxiety, social withdrawal for kids with autism Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT A new study found a 'bi-directional' relationship between gastrointestinal issues and internalized symptoms in children and adolescents with autism -- meaning the symptoms seem to be impacting each other simultaneously. The findings could influence future precision medicine research aimed at developing personalized treatments to ease pain for individuals with autism experiencing gastrointestinal issues. |
| Meat substitutes: Environment does not motivate consumption Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT People who have a critical attitude toward factory farming or who pay attention to their health in everyday life are more likely to turn to meat substitutes. Concern for the environment, on the other hand, appears to play no role in this decision. |
| AI may detect earliest signs of pancreatic cancer Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT An artificial intelligence (AI) tool can accurately predicted who would develop pancreatic cancer based on what their CT scan images looked like years prior to being diagnosed with the disease. The findings may help prevent death through early detection of one of the most challenging cancers to treat. |
| Genomic study reveals complex origins of people living in Tibetan-Yi corridor Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT China's mountainous southwestern area is home to one of the country's most ethnically diverse populations. In the most comprehensive genetic analysis of the native people there to date, researchers reveal that the ethnic groups' peopling and migration history is more complex than previously concluded. |
| COVID-19 lockdown measures affect air pollution from cities differently Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT Seizing on a natural experiment created by restricted travel, researchers combine a network model with air pollution data before and during outbreaks. |
| Existing infrastructure will be unable to support future demand for high-speed internet Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT Researchers have shown that the UK's existing copper network cables can support faster internet speeds, but only to a limit. They say additional investment is urgently needed if the government is serious about its commitment to making high-speed internet available to all. |
| Complex networks help explain extreme rainfall events Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:37 PM PDT Researchers propose using a complex-network-based clustering workflow to search for synchronized structures of extreme rainfall events within the context of atmospheric chaos. By doing this, they were able to reconstruct a functional climate network to encode the underlying interaction of the climate system. Clusters on the network revealed regions of similar climatological behaviors. This means extreme rainfalls within different locations are not independent of each other but have a certain degree of similarity. |
| Measuring the 'wettability' of graphene and other 2D materials Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Measuring the 'wettability' of graphene and other 2D materials. Microscopic understanding of wettability can be achieved at the molecular level using 'vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy' (VSFG). |
| Cellular regeneration therapy restores damaged liver tissue faster than ever Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Mammals can't typically regenerate organs as efficiently as other vertebrates, such as fish and lizards. Now, scientists have found a way to partially reset liver cells to more youthful states -- allowing them to heal damaged tissue at a faster rate than previously observed. The results reveal that the use of reprogramming molecules can improve cell growth, leading to better liver tissue regeneration in mice. |
| New climate modeling predicts increasing occurrences of flash flooding across most of the U.S. Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT A research team has created simulations from coupled climate and hydrologic models that demonstrate widespread increases in the occurrences of flash flooding events across most of the United States. |
| Crossing barriers: How the rabbit virus myxoma leapt into a new species Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT New research explores the spillover of myxoma virus from European rabbits to Iberian hares. In addition to shedding new light on species-jumping viruses, the study shows that the protein permitting the species jump from rabbits to hares may help improve myxoma as a cancer-fighting agent. |
| Researchers develop a paper-thin loudspeaker Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT Researchers created an ultrathin loudspeaker that can turn any rigid surface into a high-quality, active audio source. The fabrication process can enable the thin-film devices to be produced at scale. |
| Posted: 26 Apr 2022 12:36 PM PDT A potential game-changer in the tuberculosis epidemic was how the tuberculosis community viewed rapid molecular tests for tuberculosis and tuberculosis drug resistance. This was 12 years ago, with the launch of Xpert MTB/RIF, which gives results in less than two hours, simultaneously diagnosing tuberculosis and testing if the bacteria have rifampicin resistance, a type of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is caused by resistance to at least both rifampicin and isoniazid, the two most effective first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis. |
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