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| Hunga volcano eruption provides an explosion of data Posted: 12 May 2022 01:40 PM PDT The massive Jan. 15, 2022, eruption of the Hunga submarine volcano in the South Pacific Ocean created a variety of atmospheric wave types, including booms heard 6,200 miles away in Alaska. It also created an atmospheric pulse that caused an unusual tsunami-like disturbance that arrived at Pacific shores sooner than the actual tsunami. |
| Jellyfish's stinging cells hold clues to biodiversity Posted: 12 May 2022 11:43 AM PDT The cnidocytes -- or stinging cells -- that are characteristic of sea anemones, hydrae, corals and jellyfish, and make us careful of our feet while wading in the ocean, are also an excellent model for understanding the emergence of new cell types, according to new research. |
| What we're still learning about how trees grow Posted: 12 May 2022 11:43 AM PDT A new study finds that tree growth does not seem to be generally limited by photosynthesis but rather by cell growth. This suggests that we need to rethink the way we forecast forest growth in a changing climate, and that forests in the future may not be able to absorb as much carbon from the atmosphere as we thought. |
| Mind the gap: Space inside eggs steers first few steps of life Posted: 12 May 2022 11:43 AM PDT Imagine sitting at a meeting where the shape of the table and your place at it might impact how you get along with the other members. Cells also communicate with their nearest neighbors, and in embryos, nothing is left to chance in the 'seating plan' for the first few cells. However, questions remain about the how this process is controlled and how it can influence the overall growth of an organism. |
| Bacteria with recording function capture gut health status Posted: 12 May 2022 11:43 AM PDT Researchers have equipped gut bacteria with data logger functionality as a way of monitoring which genes are active in the bacteria. These microorganisms could one day offer a noninvasive means of diagnosing disease or assessing the impact of a diet on health. |
| Massive single-cell atlas across human tissues highlights cell types where disease genes are active Posted: 12 May 2022 11:43 AM PDT Genetic studies have revealed many genes linked to both common and rare disease, but to understand how those genes bring about disease and use those insights to help develop therapies, scientists need to know where they are active in the body. Now researchers have developed a robust experimental pipeline that can profile many more cell types from more tissues than can be studied with other techniques, as well as machine learning methods to put this data together and query the resulting map, or atlas. |
| Posted: 12 May 2022 11:43 AM PDT Researchers have published a review of care for women with pre-eclampsia. |
| Family size may influence cognitive functioning in later life Posted: 12 May 2022 10:41 AM PDT A new study found that having three or more versus two children has a negative effect on late-life cognition. The results further indicated that this effect was strongest in Northern Europe, where higher fertility decreases financial resources but does not improve social resources in this region. |
| Treatment minimizes infants' opioid-related brain abnormalities Posted: 12 May 2022 10:41 AM PDT Researchers have evidence validating the benefits of using medication for opioid use disorder during pregnancy. Brain imaging revealed significant improvements in brain function after treatment. |
| Researchers develop wireless implantable vascular monitoring system Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT Researchers are improving the odds for patients with the development of an implantable soft electronic vascular monitoring system. Their smart stent and printed soft sensors, is capable of wireless real-time monitoring of hemodynamics without batteries or circuits. |
| Using shark teeth to decipher evolutionary processes Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT From embryo to turtle cracker: Palaeobiologists studied the multiple changes in tooth shape in the tiger shark. The study is also central in drawing conclusions about extinct species from the myriad of preserved shark teeth in the field of palaeontology. |
| Excessive sports training may have negative effects on mood Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT New research on road cyclists sheds light on the importance of monitoring a training session load with the use of heart rate variability measuring tools, to favor assimilation and prevent injuries, and to compare training intensity with mood states the following morning. |
| Water makes tree branches droop at night Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT Terrestrial laser scanning data show that trees move their branches in a diurnal pattern, settling down for the night -- as if falling asleep. Changes in the water status of leaves and branches causes branches to move downward at night, up to 20 cm depending on the tree species. |
| The origin of life: A paradigm shift Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT According to a new concept, it was a novel molecular species composed out of RNA and peptides that set in motion the evolution of life into more complex forms. |
| Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT Anyone walking past a meadow on a mild summer evening is often exposed to an impressive concert. It is the grasshoppers, bush crickets and crickets that create a Mediterranean atmosphere with their chirping. The songs are usually those of males trying to attract females to mate with them. But they can also be rival songs when two males get too close to each other. |
| The deadly impact of urban streets that look like highways Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT Serious auto crashes in urban areas are more likely on city streets that look to drivers like highways, new research suggests. The study used a novel approach: researchers applied machine learning techniques to analyze more than 240,000 images of road segments in Columbus, Ohio. |
| What caused this megatooth shark's massive toothache? Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT Did the world's largest prehistoric shark need an orthodontist, or did it just have a bad lunch? |
| Vaccine for rare but deadly mosquito-borne viruses shows promise in clinical trial Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT A vaccine for eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) was found to be safe, well-tolerated and induced a neutralizing antibody response in adult volunteers, according to newly published results from a Phase 1 clinical trial. |
| Unusually fast beaked whale has special deep-sea hunting strategy Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT Biologists have successfully used biologgers to reveal insights into the lifestyle and hunting behaviur of the little-known species Sowerby's beaked whale. The team's first results show that these dolphins have a surprisingly different, much faster lifestyle than related species. |
| Study finds realism a key factor in driving engagement with virtual reality videos Posted: 12 May 2022 09:19 AM PDT A recent study finds that realism is a key factor in determining whether viewers engage with virtual reality videos -- and that engagement is itself a key factor in determining whether viewers are interested in watching VR videos in the future. |
| People choose healthier food when with outsiders for fear of being negatively judged Posted: 12 May 2022 09:18 AM PDT People are more likely to choose a healthy food option than an unhealthy food option among people from different social groups because they fear being judged negatively for their choices. |
| Aerodynamic model of a moving car and its tires Posted: 12 May 2022 09:18 AM PDT Engineers have produced a video simulation to illustrate the complex aerodynamics around a moving car and its tires. |
| Video games can help boost children's intelligence Posted: 12 May 2022 09:18 AM PDT Scientists have studied how the screen habits of US children correlates with how their cognitive abilities develop over time. They found that the children who spent an above-average time playing video games increased their intelligence more than the average, while TV watching or social media had neither a positive nor a negative effect. |
| A first: Scientists grow plants in soil from the Moon Posted: 12 May 2022 09:18 AM PDT Scientists have, for the first time, grown plants in soil from the Moon. They used soil collected during the Apollo 11, 12 and 17 missions. In their experiment, the researchers wanted to know if plants would grow in lunar soil and, if so, how the plants would respond to the unfamiliar environment, even down to the level of gene expression. |
| Posted: 12 May 2022 09:18 AM PDT New research examines how cavefish, surface-dwelling river fish that flooded into underground cave systems over 100,000 years ago, developed unique metabolic adaptations to survive in nutrient-scarce environments. The study created a genome-wide map of liver tissue for two independent colonies of cavefish along with river fish to understand how cavefish metabolism evolved and how this may be applicable for humans. |
| Huge study of diverse populations advances understanding of type 2 diabetes Posted: 12 May 2022 09:18 AM PDT Genetic epidemiologists have shed important new light on how genes contribute to type 2 diabetes. |
| Breakthrough tech enables seizure localization in minutes Posted: 12 May 2022 09:18 AM PDT New research introduces a novel network analysis technology that uses minimally invasive resting state electrophysiological recordings to localize seizure onset brain regions and predict seizure outcomes in just 10 minutes. |
| The genetic origins of the world's first farmers clarified Posted: 12 May 2022 09:18 AM PDT The genetic origins of the first agriculturalists in the Neolithic period long seemed to lie in the Near East. A new study shows that the first farmers actually represented a mixture of Ice Age hunter-gatherer groups, spread from the Near East all the way to south-eastern Europe. |
| 'Nanobodies' from llamas could yield cell-specific medications for humans Posted: 12 May 2022 09:16 AM PDT In 'proof of concept' experiments with mouse and human cells and tissues, researchers say they have designed tiny proteins, called nanobodies, derived from llama antibodies, that could potentially be used to deliver targeted medicines to human muscle cells. |
| Astronomers reveal first image of the black hole at the heart of our galaxy Posted: 12 May 2022 06:42 AM PDT Astronomers have unveiled the first image of the supermassive black hole at the center of our own Milky Way galaxy. This result provides overwhelming evidence that the object is indeed a black hole and yields valuable clues about the workings of such giants, which are thought to reside at the center of most galaxies. |
| Dementia: Combination of 'feelings' and measurements suggest Alzheimer's in the early stage Posted: 12 May 2022 06:27 AM PDT Subjective memory disorders in conjunction with conspicuous levels of beta-amyloid proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid are a strong indication of developing Alzheimer's disease. This is the conclusion of a new study involving about 1,000 older adults. |
| Effectively removing emerging contaminants in wastewater treatment plants Posted: 12 May 2022 06:27 AM PDT Water treatment and environmental decontamination experts have reviewed current and emerging water treatment technologies. Through this review, the team determined the removal efficiency of a particular type of contaminant that causes hormonal disruption: endocrine disruptors. |
| Discovery reveals blocking inflammation may lead to chronic pain Posted: 12 May 2022 06:27 AM PDT Using anti-inflammatory drugs and steroids to relieve pain could increase the chances of developing chronic pain. New research puts into question conventional practices used to alleviate pain. Normal recovery from a painful injury involves inflammation and blocking that inflammation with drugs could lead to harder-to-treat pain. |
| A brain circuit in the thalamus helps us hold information in mind Posted: 12 May 2022 06:27 AM PDT Researchers have identified a circuit in the anterior thalamus that is necessary for remembering how to navigate a maze. This region could offer a promising target for treatments that could help reverse memory loss in older people, without affecting other parts of the brain. |
| Posted: 12 May 2022 06:27 AM PDT A six-year study of nearly 100,000 women in Botswana has provided new evidence that relatively inexpensive daily diet supplementation of iron, folic acid and vitamin supplementation in pregnancy can reduce complications at birth. |
| Antidepressant use during pregnancy not linked to epilepsy in children Posted: 12 May 2022 06:27 AM PDT A new study suggests that antidepressant use by mothers during the first trimester of pregnancy does not increase the chances of epilepsy and seizures in babies. |
| Study finds increased risk of dementia after hospitalization for major TBI Posted: 12 May 2022 06:27 AM PDT People who have been hospitalized for a major traumatic brain injury (TBI) may have a higher risk of developing dementia when compared to people who do not have a TBI, according to a new study. Major TBI was defined as having bleeding in the brain and a hospital stay of three or more days. Researchers did not find an increased risk for people who had minor TBI, which was defined as a concussion with no more than a one-day hospital stay. |
| Herpesvirus infection may increase the risk of developing diabetes Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT A new study finds that two common herpesviruses may contribute to impaired glucose metabolism and an increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) among infected individuals. |
| Explosion on a white dwarf observed Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT When stars like our Sun use up all their fuel, they shrink to form white dwarfs. Sometimes such dead stars flare back to life in a super hot explosion and produce a fireball of X-ray radiation. A research team has now been able to observe such an explosion of X-ray light for the very first time. |
| New research could provide earlier warning of tsunamis Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT A new method of detecting mega earthquakes, which picks up on the gravity waves they generate by using deep-learning models, can estimate earthquake magnitude in real time and provide earlier warning of tsunamis. |
| Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT An algorithm that can speed up by years the ability to identify from among thousands of possibilities, two or more drugs that work synergistically against a problem like cancer or a viral infection has been developed by bioinformatics experts. |
| Climate change increases risks of tree death Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT All of that carbon in trees and forests worldwide could be thrown back into the atmosphere if the trees burn up in a forest fire. Trees also stop scrubbing carbon dioxide from the air if they die due to drought or insect damage. The likelihood of those threats impacting forests is increasing nationwide, making relying on forests to soak up carbon emissions a much riskier prospect. |
| Genetic study confirms sarin nerve gas as cause of Gulf War illness Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT For three decades, scientists have debated the underlying cause of Gulf War illness (GWI), a collection of unexplained and chronic symptoms affecting veterans of the Persian Gulf War. Now researchers have solved the mystery, showing through a detailed genetic study that the nerve gas sarin was largely responsible for the syndrome. |
| Sweet discovery could drive down inflammation, cancers and viruses Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT Researchers have identified a new enzyme involved in controlling cell death, in findings that could lead to better treatment options for a range of inflammatory conditions, cancers and viruses. |
| Slow walking may be to blame for perceived congestion in pedestrian areas Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT When designing public spaces or other places where foot traffic is considered, planners and architects need to know how people perceive the spaces in question. It is commonly believed that a space will feel more congested if the crowd density is higher. However, new research suggests that walking speed of individuals actually plays a greater role than crowd density in how someone feels about a busy space. Also, age and gender seem to affect someone's perception of how congested an enclosed space feels to them. |
| Sugar aversion hampers cockroach coupling Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT How does a cockroach's aversion to sugar turn into an aversion to mating? Researchers discover the mechanism behind this behavior. |
| When unconscious, the brain is anything but 'silent' Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT The cerebral cortex is thought to be the seat of conscious processing in the brain. Rather than being inactivated, specific cells in the cortex show higher spontaneous activity during general anesthesia than when awake, and this activity is synchronized across those cortical cells. Improving our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms of general anesthesia could lead to better anesthetic drugs and improved surgical outcomes. |
| Algae-powered computing: Scientists create reliable and renewable biological photovoltaic cell Posted: 12 May 2022 06:21 AM PDT Researchers have used a widespread species of blue-green algae to power a microprocessor continuously for a year -- and counting -- using nothing but ambient light and water. Their system has potential as a reliable and renewable way to power small devices. |
| Flu causes cardiac complications by directly infecting the heart Posted: 11 May 2022 11:23 AM PDT Researchers have shown for the first time in mice that heart problems associated with the flu are not caused by raging inflammation in the lungs, as has long been predicted. Instead, the electrical malfunctions and heart scarring seen in some of the sickest flu patients are caused by direct influenza infection of cardiac cells. |
| Livestock and dairying led to dramatic social changes in ancient Mongolia Posted: 11 May 2022 11:23 AM PDT The movement of herders and livestock into the eastern steppe is of great interest to researchers, but few scholars have linked the introduction of herds and horses to the rise of complex societies. |
| Higher wheat yields and protein content on the horizon Posted: 11 May 2022 11:23 AM PDT A team of international researchers has discovered a way to produce higher quality wheat. The scientists have identified a genetic driver that improves yield traits in wheat, which unexpectedly can also lead to increasing protein content by up to 25 per cent. |
| Designer neurons offer new hope for treatment of Parkinson's disease Posted: 11 May 2022 09:36 AM PDT Scientists describe a process for converting non-neuronal cells into functioning neurons able to take up residence in the brain, send out their fibrous branches across neural tissue, form synapses, dispense dopamine and restore capacities undermined by Parkinson's destruction of dopaminergic cells. |
| Multiple sclerosis: Glatiramer acetate compatible with breastfeeding, study suggests Posted: 11 May 2022 09:36 AM PDT For patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), becoming a mother is fraught with difficult questions: is it acceptable to continue disease modifying treatment during pregnancy and breastfeeding to keep the disease at bay, or does this put the child at risk? A study on the drug glatiramer acetate can relieve mothers of this concern during the breastfeeding period. A comparative study between children whose mothers had taken the drug while breastfeeding and those who hadn't revealed no significant differences in several infant health outcomes during the first 18 months of life. |
| Novel supramolecular CRISPR-Cas9 carrier enables more efficient genome editing Posted: 11 May 2022 09:36 AM PDT CRISPR-Cas9 is considered a revolutionary gene editing tool, but its applications are limited by a lack of methods by which it can be safely and efficiently delivered into cells. Recently, a research team has constructed a highly flexible CRISPR-Cas9 carrier using aminated polyrotaxane (PRX) that can not only bind with the unusual structure of Cas9 and carry it into cells, but can also protect it from intracellular degradation by endosomes. |
| One particle on two paths: Quantum physics is right Posted: 11 May 2022 09:35 AM PDT The famous double slit experiment shows that particles can travel on two paths at the same time -- but only by looking at a lot of particles and analysing the results statistically. Now a two-path-interference experiment has been designed that only has to measure one specific particle to prove that it travelled on two paths. |
| Scientists study links between obesity, age and body chemistry Posted: 11 May 2022 09:35 AM PDT A team of scientists is making inroads in understanding the relationship between certain enzymes that are normally produced in the body and their role in regulating obesity and controlling liver diseases. Researchers studied male mice that lacked the Cyp2b enzyme and how the lack of the enzyme affected the mice's metabolism. |
| Hepatitis: 3D structure determination of the 'gateway' to the liver Posted: 11 May 2022 09:35 AM PDT Scientists have published a ground-breaking study of the structure and function of a central protein in the liver: NTCP, a cellular-entry pathway for bile salts, but also for certain hepatitis viruses. These results reveal the 3D structure of NTCP and two architectures it can adopt. One may be helpful in the development of therapeutic tools against hepatitis viral infection. |
| Structure of 'gliding bird' plant protein could lead to better crops Posted: 11 May 2022 09:35 AM PDT When pathogens attack, the NPR1 protein steps in to control a plant's immune response. Scientists have now figured out what the protein looks like and how it works --- a possible boon for agriculture. |
| Gut microbiome composition predictive of patient response to statins Posted: 11 May 2022 09:35 AM PDT Researchers show that different patient responses to statins can be explained by the variation in the human microbiome. The findings suggest that microbiome monitoring could be used to help optimize personalized statin treatments. |
| Increased mutations in children can be traced back to mistakes in father's sperm Posted: 11 May 2022 09:35 AM PDT Researchers have traced the cause of increased numbers of mutations in children to a higher rate of random mutations in sperm cells of the biological father, associated with rare genetic defects in DNA repair or chemotherapy. |
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