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| Novel biomaterial prevents rejection of transplants for type 1 diabetes Posted: 13 May 2022 02:07 PM PDT A team develops a novel biomaterial that, when mixed with islets, allows islets to survive after transplant without the need for long-term immunosuppression. |
| Modifying the body's immune system to help treat Type 1 diabetes Posted: 13 May 2022 02:07 PM PDT Scientists to develop a novel diabetes treatment involving transplanting pancreas cells that produce insulin. |
| Researchers develop 3D-printed shape memory alloy with superior superelasticity Posted: 13 May 2022 02:07 PM PDT Laser powder bed fusion, a 3D-printing technique, offers potential in the manufacturing industry, particularly when fabricating nickel-titanium shape memory alloys with complex geometries. Although this manufacturing technique is attractive for applications in the biomedical and aerospace fields, it has rarely showcased the superelasticity required for specific applications using nickel-titanium shape memory alloys. Defects generated and changes imposed onto the material during the 3D-printing process prevented the superelasticity from appearing in 3D-printed nickel-titanium. |
| 'Growing end' of inflammation discovered Posted: 13 May 2022 11:20 AM PDT Redness, swelling, pain -- these are signs of inflammation. It serves to protect the body from pathogens or foreign substances. Researchers were able to show that inflammatory reactions of an important sensor protein proceed in a specific spatial direction. This finding has the potential to conceivably stop inflammation at the 'growing end', and thus bring chronic inflammatory diseases to a halt. |
| Biomaterial improves islet transplants for treatment of type 1 diabetes Posted: 13 May 2022 11:20 AM PDT Hopeful diabetes treatment, islet cell transplantation, is now one step closer to the clinic following new study. |
| New measure of sperm age may be predictor of pregnancy success Posted: 13 May 2022 10:53 AM PDT A novel technique to measure the age of male sperm has the potential to predict the success and time it takes to become pregnant, according to a newly published study. |
| Going gentle on mechanical quantum systems Posted: 13 May 2022 10:49 AM PDT Systems in which mechanical motion is controlled at the level of individual quanta are emerging as a promising quantum-?technology platform. New experimental work now establishes how quantum properties of such systems can be measured without destroying the quantum state -- a key ingredient for tapping the full potential of mechanical quantum systems. |
| Malaria parasites form vortices Posted: 13 May 2022 10:48 AM PDT Researchers managed to set larger groups of malaria parasites into motion and to analyze the acquired image data. The collectively moving pathogens form vortex systems that are largely determined by physical principles. Computer simulations helped identify the mechanisms underlying these rotating movements. |
| Remote sensing research improves hurricane response Posted: 13 May 2022 10:48 AM PDT Researchers are investigating better ways to predict where road-clogging debris will be most severe after tropical cyclones. |
| Microbes help orchestrate how the gut uses its genes Posted: 13 May 2022 09:33 AM PDT The microbes that help break down food actually tell the gut how to do its job better, according to a new study in mice. The researchers said it appears that the microbes are able to influence which of the gut's genes are being called into action, and in turn, that interaction might lead to a remodeling of the epithelial cells lining the gut so that they match the diet. |
| Our cells take their ease in the curves Posted: 13 May 2022 09:33 AM PDT How do our cells organize themselves to give their final shape to our organs? The answer lies in morphogenesis, the set of mechanisms that regulate their distribution in space during embryonic development. A team has just made a surprising discovery in this field: when a tissue curves, the volume of the cells that compose it increases instead of decreasing. This discovery opens new avenues for in vitro organ culture, a partial alternative to animal experimentation. It also suggests new perspectives for the production of certain materials. |
| How sleep helps to process emotions Posted: 13 May 2022 08:32 AM PDT Researchers have identified how the brain triages emotions during dream sleep to consolidate the storage of positive emotions while dampening the consolidation of negative ones. The work expands the importance of sleep in mental health and opens new ways of therapeutic strategies. |
| Early study finds new lymphoma drug effective Posted: 13 May 2022 08:32 AM PDT In early research, the oral medication zanubrutinib was found to help most patients with a slow-growing type of cancer known as marginal zone lymphoma. |
| Understanding the genomic modifications in transgenic papaya Posted: 13 May 2022 08:32 AM PDT The transgenic papaya 'SunUp' was developed in the 1990s and was widely publicized because of its ability to resist the papaya ringspot virus. A new study has now identified the genomic changes involved and how they influence the transgenic plants. |
| Dragonflies use vision, subtle wing control to straighten up and fly right Posted: 13 May 2022 08:32 AM PDT Researchers have untangled the intricate physics and neural controls that enable dragonflies to right themselves while they're falling. |
| Antibiotics can lead to fungal infection because of disruption to the gut's immune system Posted: 13 May 2022 08:32 AM PDT Patients prescribed antibiotics in hospital are more likely to get fungal infections because of disruption to the immune system in the gut, according to a new study. |
| The role of variability: From playing tennis to learning language Posted: 13 May 2022 08:32 AM PDT The effect of variability on learning is recognized in many fields: learning is harder when input is variable, but variability leads to better generalization of the knowledge we learned. In this review, researchers bring together over 150 studies on variability across domains, including language acquisition, motor learning, visual perception, face recognition and education, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms behind variability. |
| Great progress thanks to mini organs Posted: 13 May 2022 07:35 AM PDT Life-like organ replicas -- so-called 3D organoids -- are a good way to research disease processes. A team has now presented a kind of blueprint for such a model of the cervix. |
| A single hormone directs body's responses to low-protein diet Posted: 13 May 2022 07:35 AM PDT A single hormone appears to coordinate the lifespan extension produced by a low-protein diet. Low-protein diets produce beneficial metabolic effects in aged mice, improving metabolic health, reducing frailty, and extending lifespan. These beneficial effects were also apparent when protein intake was reduced in middle-aged mice, even protecting against the detriments of obesity. Importantly, these beneficial effects were lost in mice that lacked FGF21, suggesting that its action in the brain is critical for the increase in health and lifespan. |
| Rigid waterproof coating for paper aims to reduce our dependence on plastic Posted: 13 May 2022 07:35 AM PDT For our sake and the environment, there is a considerable amount of research into the reduction of plastic for many and various applications. Researchers have now found a way to imbue relatively sustainable paper materials with some of the useful properties of plastic. This can be done easily, cost effectively, and efficiently. A coating called Choetsu not only waterproofs paper, but also maintains its flexibility and degrades safely as well. |
| New study indicates limited water circulation late in the history of Mars Posted: 13 May 2022 07:34 AM PDT A research team has investigated a meteorite from Mars using neutron and X-ray tomography. The technology, which will probably be used when NASA examines samples from the Red Planet in 2030, showed that the meteorite had limited exposure to water, thus making life at that specific time and place unlikely. |
| Structure of key protein for cell division puzzles researchers Posted: 13 May 2022 07:34 AM PDT Human cell division involves hundreds of proteins at its core. Knowing the 3D structure of these proteins is pivotal to understand how our genetic material is duplicated and passed through generations. Scientists are now able to reveal the first detailed structure of a key protein complex for human cell division known as CCAN. By using cryo-electron microscopy, the researchers show important features of the complex's 16 components and challenge previous assumptions about how the complex is able to recognize the centromere, a crucial region of chromosomes in cell division. |
| Algae reveal clues about climate changes over millions of years Posted: 13 May 2022 07:34 AM PDT Organisms adjust their cell walls according to environmental conditions such as temperature. Some adaptations involve changes in lipids which may still be preserved long after the rest of the organisms has been degraded. Researchers have studied a specific group of lipids called long chain diols which are found in sea sediments all over the world, and which can be preserved for millions of years. |
| Adopting low-carbon energy can reduce racial disparities in air pollution Posted: 13 May 2022 05:03 AM PDT Switching to low carbon fuels for transportation, cooking, heating, power generation and other needs would help fight climate change and also reduce racial and ethnic disparities in exposure to air pollution. |
| Sea turtle success stories along African east coast -- but thousands still dying Posted: 13 May 2022 05:03 AM PDT Conservation of sea turtles along much of Africa's east coast has made good progress in recent decades -- but tens of thousands of turtles still die each year due to human activity, researchers say. |
| Six lithium dose predictors for patients with bipolar disorder Posted: 12 May 2022 06:05 PM PDT Six predictors could help determine the amount of lithium needed to treat patients with bipolar disorder, according to a large study. The study also pinpoints genetic markers that seem to influence how quickly the body eliminates lithium from its system. |
| Sea ice can control Antarctic ice sheet stability, new research finds Posted: 12 May 2022 06:05 PM PDT Despite the rapid melting of ice in many parts of Antarctica during the second half of the 20th century, researchers have found that the floating ice shelves which skirt the eastern Antarctic Peninsula have undergone sustained advance over the past 20 years. |
| Not all is rosy for the pink pigeon Posted: 12 May 2022 06:05 PM PDT The authors of a major study on the once critically endangered pink pigeon say boosting the species' numbers is not enough to save it from extinction in the future. Despite the population increase, the team's analysis shows the pink pigeon has a high genetic load of bad mutations, which puts it at considerable risk of extinction in the wild within 100 years without continued conservation actions. |
| Cardiac progenitor cells generate healthy tissue after a heart attack Posted: 12 May 2022 06:05 PM PDT Following a heart attack, the human body is incapable of repairing lost tissue due to the heart's inability to generate new muscle. However, treatment with heart progenitor cells could result in the formation of functional heart cells at injured sites. This new therapeutic approach may be tested in clinical studies within the next two years. |
| Disparities in natural gas leak prevalence in U.S. urban areas Posted: 12 May 2022 01:41 PM PDT A new study reveals that in U.S. cities over a several-year period, natural gas pipeline leaks were more prevalent in neighborhoods with low-income or majority non-white populations than those with high income or predominately white populations. |
| Immune cell characteristics mapped across multiple tissues, from early life to adulthood Posted: 12 May 2022 01:41 PM PDT The Human Cell Atlas sheds new light on the types and traits of immune cells that can be found in the human body, from developmental stages to adulthood. |
| Study finds nanomedicine targeting lymph nodes key to triple negative breast cancer treatment Posted: 12 May 2022 01:41 PM PDT Research could provide a new approach to treating an aggressive form of breast cancer. A study found that targeting the immune microenvironment in lymph nodes and tumors simultaneously led to long-term tumor remission in mice models of metastatic triple negative breast cancer. |
| When quantum particles fly like bees Posted: 12 May 2022 11:43 AM PDT A quantum system with only 51 charged atoms can take on more than two quadrillion different states. Calculating the system's behavior is child's play for a quantum simulator. But verifying the result is almost impossible, even with today's supercomputers. A research team has now shown how these systems can be verified using equations formulated in the 18th century. |
| Skin drug treatments may regress dangerous birthmarks and prevent melanoma Posted: 12 May 2022 10:41 AM PDT About one in 20,000 infants is born with what's called a congenital giant nevus -- a huge, pigmented mole that may cover much of the face and body. Due to the mole's appearance and its risk of later developing into skin cancer, many patients decide to have their children undergo extensive surgery to remove the entire lesion, which can cause large and permanent scars. Researchers led by recently created multiple preclinical models of this condition and used them to show that several drugs can be applied to the skin to cause the lesions to regress, and one topical drug also protected against skin cancer. |
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