ScienceDaily: Plants & Animals News


If endangered primates disappear, so will their parasites. That's actually a problem

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 04:11 PM PDT

People are more aware of the plight of endangered gorillas than of gorillas' gut worms, and are understandably more enamored with mouse lemurs than their mites. Half of the world's roughly 500 primate species are at risk of extinction due to human activities such as hunting, trapping and deforestation. But the demise of the world's threatened primates could also trigger even more extinctions for the parasites that lurk within them, finds a new study.

Vampire bats may coordinate with ‘friends’ over a bite to eat

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 12:33 PM PDT

Vampire bats that form bonds in captivity and continue those 'friendships' in the wild also hunt together, meeting up over a meal after independent departures from the roost, according to a new study.

Decoding birds’ brain signals into syllables of song

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 12:33 PM PDT

Researchers can predict what syllables a bird will sing -- and when it will sing them -- by reading electrical signals in its brain, reports a new study. The work is an early step toward building vocal prostheses for humans who have lost the ability to speak.

More support needed for pollination services in agriculture

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 10:26 AM PDT

The global decline of pollinators threatens the reproductive success of 90 per cent of all wild plants globally and the yield of 85 per cent of the world's most important crops. Pollinators -- mainly bees and other insects -- contribute to 35 per cent of the world's food production. The service provided by pollinators is particularly important for securing food produced by the more than two billion small farmers worldwide. An agroecologist points out that yields could be increased if pollinators were encouraged.

An estrogen receptor that promotes cancer also causes drug resistance

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 09:24 AM PDT

Cancer cells proliferate despite a myriad of stresses -- from oxygen deprivation to chemotherapy -- that would kill any ordinary cell. Now, researchers have gained insight into how they may be doing this through the downstream activity of a powerful estrogen receptor. The discovery offers clues to overcoming resistance to therapies like tamoxifen that are used in many types of breast cancer.

New York waters may be an important, additional feeding area for large whales

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT

A new study finds that that some large whale species (humpback, fin and minke whales) use the waters off New York and New Jersey as a supplemental feeding area feasting on two different types of prey species.

Breast cancers: Ruptures in cell nuclei promotes tumor invasion

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT

When cells multiply and migrate, they can be compressed and their nucleus may break open. This phenomenon causes DNA damage. Scientists have now shown that this facilitates the spread of cancer cells in breast tumors.

Adjusting fatty acid intake may help with mood variability in bipolar disorders

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT

Can specific dietary guidelines help people living with bipolar disorders better manage their health? Clinical trial results showed that a diet designed to alter levels of specific fatty acids consumed by participants may help patients have less variability in their mood.

Researchers translate insect defense chemicals into eerie sounds

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT

Sawfly larvae protect themselves by secreting cocktails of unpleasant, volatile chemicals intended to repel predators, particularly ants. Researchers can assess the effectiveness of these defenses by staging meetups, so-called bioassays, between prey and predator. But entomologist have taken a different approach, translating the secretions' chemical composition into sounds, and measuring how humans react.

Deadly virus’s pathway to infect cells identified

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:56 AM PDT

Researchers have discovered how Rift Valley fever virus enters cells, pointing the way to new therapies to treat deadly Rift Valley fever.

How poxviruses multiply

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 08:55 AM PDT

Poxviruses have found a unique way of translating their genes into proteins in the infected organism. Scientists of the have been able to gain atomic-level insights into the functioning of the molecular machinery involved in the process.

Non-native fish are main consumers of salmon in reservoirs

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 07:20 AM PDT

When warmwater fish species like bass, walleye and crappie that are not native to the Pacific Northwest, but prized by some anglers, overlap with baby spring chinook salmon in reservoirs in Oregon's Willamette River they consume more baby salmon than native fish per individual, new research found.

Artificial intelligence may be set to reveal climate-change tipping points

Posted: 23 Sep 2021 05:29 AM PDT

Researchers are developing artificial intelligence that could assess climate change tipping points. The deep learning algorithm could act as an early warning system against runaway climate change.

Desert teamwork explains global pattern of co-operation in birds

Posted: 22 Sep 2021 11:33 AM PDT

A new study from the Kalahari Desert finds that teamwork allows birds to cope with brutally unpredictable environments.

Researchers provide a framework to study precision nutrigeroscience

Posted: 22 Sep 2021 11:33 AM PDT

There are many forms of dietary restriction and their health benefits are not 'one size fits all.' Researchers provide a framework for a new personalized sub-specialty: precision nutrigeroscience, based on biomarkers affected by genetics, gender, tissue, and age.

Theory of bubbles lifts cell biology into a new, more quantitative era

Posted: 22 Sep 2021 09:18 AM PDT

A new study details how an established physics theory governing bubble and droplet formation led to a new understanding of the principles organizing the contents of living cells. The work marks a seismic shift in researchers' ability both to understand and control the complex soft materials within our cells.

An 'evolutionary rescue route' towards coexistence of competitive plant species

Posted: 21 Sep 2021 02:27 PM PDT

In nature, plant species having the same pollinators experience 'reproductive interference' owing to competition, and their coexistence is thought to be possible only through resource partitioning. However, recent studies have suggested that coexistence can occur without resource partitioning if the species evolve to self-pollinate. Now, researchers from Japan provide credibility to this hypothesis with simulations, establishing a novel mechanism for the coexistence of competing flowering species.