ScienceDaily: Top Environment News


Air bubbles in Antarctic ice point to cause of oxygen decline

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 04:06 PM PST

An unknown culprit has been removing oxygen from our atmosphere for at least 800,000 years, and an analysis of air bubbles preserved in Antarctic ice for up to 1.5 million years has revealed the likely suspect.

'Photosynthetic' algae can survive the dark

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 10:13 AM PST

Researchers have discovered how some species of single-celled algae lived through the last mass extinction, a finding that could change how we understand global ocean processes.

Ostrich eggshell beads reveal 50,000-year-old social network across Africa

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 09:06 AM PST

New archeological study shows ancient connection between populations 3,000 km apart, and provides first direct link between climate change and ancient human social behavior.

New research moves closer to harnessing viruses to fight bacteria and reduce antibiotic use

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 09:06 AM PST

A new study has cast new light on how to best combine antibiotics and phage therapy. Researchers conducted laboratory experiments on Pseudomonas aeruginosa a bacterium which causes disease in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients. They exposed the bacterium to eight types of antibiotics -- and found differences in the mechanisms by which the bacteria evolve resistance to phages, which affect how harmful they are.

Shoots and roots respond differently to climate change

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 09:06 AM PST

A new synthesis reveals mismatches between above- and below-ground plant phenology due to climate change. These findings are important to understand the consequences of climate change on terrestrial biodiversity.

A pathway emerges: Biologists describe structure and function of a heme transport and assembly machine

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 09:00 AM PST

Researchers described for the first time the structure of a bifunctional protein, called CcsBA, that transports heme and attaches it to cytochromes. The study captured two conformational states of CcsBA, a bacterial and chloroplast protein, allowing scientists to characterize the enzyme mechanism.

Abundance of life discovered beneath an Antarctic ice shelf

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 09:00 AM PST

Far beneath the ice shelves of the Antarctic, there is more marine life than expected.

Himalayan glaciers melting at 'exceptional rate'

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 05:31 AM PST

The accelerating melting of the Himalayan glaciers threatens the water supply of millions of people in Asia, new research warns. The study concludes that over recent decades the Himalayan glaciers have lost ice ten times more quickly over the last few decades than on average since the last major glacier expansion 400-700 years ago, a period known as the Little Ice Age.

Deadliest period in Earth’s history was also the stinkiest

Posted: 20 Dec 2021 05:30 AM PST

Tiny microbes belching toxic gas helped cause -- and prolong -- the biggest mass extinction in Earth's history, a new study suggests.

Using sparse data to predict lab earthquakes

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 02:28 PM PST

A machine-learning approach developed for sparse data reliably predicts fault slip in laboratory earthquakes and could be key to predicting fault slip and potentially earthquakes in the field.

Earthquake depth impacts potential tsunami threat

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 02:28 PM PST

Earthquakes of similar magnitude can cause tsunamis of greatly varying sizes. This commonly observed, but not well-understood phenomenon has hindered reliable warnings of local tsunamis. This research provides new insight that connects the characteristics of earthquakes -- magnitude, depth where two tectonic plates slip past each other and the rigidity of the plates involved -- with the potential size of a resulting tsunami.

California spotted owls benefit from forest restoration

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 12:19 PM PST

Forest restoration treatments can reduce future fire severity and benefit populations of California spotted owls, even with temporary disruptions within owl habitats in the Sierra Nevada, CA.

Discovering sources of Roman silver coinage from the Iberian Peninsula

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 09:38 AM PST

Despite its prior status as a luxury commodity, silver became widely used for coinage in the Roman world from the 7th century BCE onward and provided a standardized monetary system for ancient Mediterranean civilizations. However, the sources of silver used to produce Roman coinage have largely been used up, making it difficult to determine which deposits Roman miners exploited.

Sauropod dinosaurs were restricted to warmer regions of Earth

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 09:38 AM PST

A study investigated the enigma of why sauropod fossils are only found at lower latitudes, while fossils of other main dinosaur types seem ubiquitously present, with many located in the polar regions.

In last 15 years, deforestation made outdoor work unsafe for millions

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 08:32 AM PST

The tropics is becoming hotter due to a combination of warming associated with deforestation and climate change -- and that can reduce the ability of outdoor workers to perform their jobs safely. Researchers estimated how many safe working hours people living in the tropics have lost due to local temperature change associated with loss of trees during the past 15 years.

Voluntary pledges could cut utility GHG emissions by a third

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 08:32 AM PST

An analysis of pledges made by many of the largest U.S. electric utilities to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions suggests that pledged reductions could reduce power sector emissions by a third as compared to 2018 levels. The study also found that about one-seventh of the cuts utilities have promised are reductions they would have to make anyway due to existing state requirements.

Understanding cobalt’s human cost

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 08:32 AM PST

After studying the impacts of mining cobalt -- a common ingredient in lithium-ion batteries -- on communities in Africa's Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), an interdisciplinary team of researchers is calling for more data into how emerging technologies affect human health and livelihoods.

New major discovery in the animal kingdom: 14 new species of shrews

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:29 AM PST

Researchers recently made a major discovery -- 14 new species of shrews, which is the largest number of new mammals described in a scientific paper since 1931. After a decade-long journey taking inventory of Indonesian shrews living on the island of Sulawesi, a group of scientists has identified 14 new endemic species.

Mitigating environmental impact of herbicides

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:29 AM PST

Research looks at the interactions of different herbicides and what they mean for herbicide drift.

Ocean acidification and warming disrupts fish shoals

Posted: 17 Dec 2021 07:28 AM PST

Researchers have found that the way fish interact in groups is being upset by ocean acidification and global warming.

Sugar-coated COVID-19 test strip takes advantage of coronavirus' sweet tooth

Posted: 15 Dec 2021 10:27 AM PST

A sugar-coated COVID-19 test strip is effective at detecting all known coronaviruses, including variants, according to a new study.