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ScienceDaily: Top News |
NASA, FEMA, international partners plan asteroid impact exercise Posted: 24 Apr 2019 06:08 PM PDT NASA and other U.S. agencies and space science institutions, along with international partners, will participate in a 'tabletop exercise' that will play out a realistic -- but fictional -- scenario for an asteroid on an impact trajectory with Earth. |
Early melting of winter snowfall advances the Arctic springtime Posted: 24 Apr 2019 05:25 PM PDT Early melting of winter snow is driving the early arrival of spring in parts of the Arctic. |
Antibiotic use linked to greater risk of heart attack and stroke in women Posted: 24 Apr 2019 05:25 PM PDT Women who take antibiotics over a long period of time are at increased risk of heart attack or stroke, according to research carried out in nearly 36,500 women. |
Genomic features that make plants good candidates for domestication Posted: 24 Apr 2019 05:25 PM PDT New research details how the process of domestication affected the genomes of corn and soybeans. The study looked at sections of crop genomes and compared them to the genomes of ancestor species. |
Which car crashes cause traumatic brain injury? Posted: 24 Apr 2019 02:26 PM PDT Motor vehicle crashes are one of the most common causes of TBI-related emergency room visits, hospitalizations and deaths. Yet, much of TBI research is focused on military or sports-related injuries. An aerospace and mechanical engineering professor is working to identify the threshold separating car crashes that cause TBIs from those that don't. |
Freshwater fish species richness has increased in Ohio River Basin since '60s Posted: 24 Apr 2019 02:26 PM PDT The taxonomic and trophic composition of freshwater fishes in the Ohio River Basin has changed significantly in recent decades, possibly due to environmental modifications related to land use and hydrology, according to a new study. |
Targeted therapy proves effective against aggressive rare blood cancer Posted: 24 Apr 2019 02:26 PM PDT Clinical study treating BPDCN with tagraxofusp led to first FDA approval for the disease. |
Modern analysis of ancient hearths reveals Neanderthal settlement patterns Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:37 PM PDT Ancient fire remains provide evidence of Neanderthal group mobility and settlement patterns and indicate specific occupation episodes, according to a new study. |
Sub-optimal food allergy knowledge and attitudes among restaurant staff Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:37 PM PDT A new study of restaurant staff reveals low levels of food allergy knowledge and negative attitudes about serving people with food allergies, while exploring key factors that might influence such knowledge and attitudes. |
How 'bad cholesterol' enters artery walls Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT Researchers have determined how circulating ''bad cholesterol'' enters artery walls to cause the plaque that narrows the blood vessels and leads to heart attacks and strokes. |
No assembly required: Researchers automate microrobotic designs Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT Researchers have developed an automated approach that significantly cuts down on, and expands, the types of microrobots they can manufacture. |
Stroke patients receive different amounts of physical therapy Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT Medicare-covered stroke patients receive vastly different amounts of physical and occupational therapy during hospital stays despite evidence that such care is strongly associated with positive health outcomes, a new study found. |
Coal could yield treatment for traumatic injuries Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT Coal-derived graphene quantum dots, when modified with a polymer, are effective antioxidants. They could lead to a therapy for people who suffer traumatic brain injuries, strokes or heart attacks. |
What the vibrant pigments of bird feathers can teach us about how evolution works Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT Biologists show that evolution is driven by dependency on other species within ecological communities - testing a long-held idea of the late, great George Gaylord Simpson. |
Air pollution poses risks for childhood cancer survivors Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT A new study finds that air pollution significantly increases the risk of hospitalizations for young cancer survivors. |
Time-restricted eating shows benefits for blood glucose Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT By restricting the time period during which they could eat, researchers have seen promising results for controlling blood glucose levels in men at risk of type 2 diabetes. In a small study, researchers assessed the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) in 15 men for one week. |
Cleaner, cheaper ammonia: Cheaper fertilizer Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT Ammonia -- a colorless gas essential for things like fertilizer -- can be made by a new process which is far cleaner, easier and cheaper than the current leading method. Researchers use readily available lab equipment, recyclable chemicals and a minimum of energy to produce ammonia. Their Samarium-Water Ammonia Production (SWAP) process promises to scale down ammonia production and improve access to ammonia fertilizer to farmers everywhere. |
Immense Pacific coral reef survey shows green sea turtle populations increasing Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT Densities of endangered green turtles are increasing in Pacific coral reefs, according to the first comprehensive in-water survey of turtle populations in the Pacific. |
With flower preferences, bees have a big gap between the sexes Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT For scores of wild bee species, females and males visit very different flowers for food -- a discovery that could be important for conservation efforts. Indeed, the diets of female and male bees of the same species could be as different as the diets of different bee species. |
Stem cells from hair follicles have potential to repair damaged neurons in mice Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT A subset of the stem cells in hair follicles have the potential to regenerate the coating that insulates neurons in mice, report scientists. |
The neurobiology of noshing: Why is it so easy to overeat calorie-rich tasty foods? Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT When you eat something super tasty, ever wonder why you really don't want to stop even though you know you've eaten enough? Scientists may have found the reason. In lab experiments, They have discovered a specific network of cellular communication emanating from the emotion-processing region of the brain, motivating mice to keep eating tasty food even though their basic energy needs had been met. |
Global warming hits sea creatures hardest Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:36 PM PDT Global warming has caused twice as many ocean-dwelling species as land-dwelling species to disappear from their habitats, a unique study found. The greater vulnerability of sea creatures may significantly impact human communities that rely on fish and shellfish for food and economic activity, according to the study. |
Synthetic speech generated from brain recordings Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT A state-of-the-art brain-machine interface created by neuroscientists can generate natural-sounding synthetic speech by using brain activity to control a virtual vocal tract -- an anatomically detailed computer simulation including the lips, jaw, tongue, and larynx. The study was conducted in research participants with intact speech, but the technology could one day restore the voices of people who have lost the ability to speak due to paralysis or neurological damage. |
Exposing cancer's metabolic addictions Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Researchers describe a new set of 'rules' that predict how the tissue of origin influences critical aspects of the genetic makeup of tumors, with potentially important therapeutic implications. |
Could a popular food ingredient raise the risk for diabetes and obesity? Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Consumption of propionate, a food ingredient that's widely used in baked goods, animal feeds, and artificial flavorings, appears to increase levels of several hormones that are associated with risk of obesity and diabetes, according to new research. |
First maps of two melatonin receptors essential for sleep Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT An international team of researchers used an X-ray laser to create the first detailed maps of two melatonin receptors that tell our bodies when to go to sleep or wake up and guide other biological processes. A better understanding of how they work could enable researchers to design better drugs to combat sleep disorders, cancer and type 2 diabetes. |
Minerals in mountain rivers tell the story of landslide activity upstream Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Scientists have come up with a new way of analyzing sand in mountain rivers to determine the activity of landslides upstream, which has important implications for understanding natural hazards in mountainous regions. |
Treating addiction: Cryo-EM technology enables the 'impossible' Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Scientists used a compound found in a shrub native to Africa to reveal the three major shapes of the serotonin transporter, a protein in the brain linked to anxiety and depression. The discovery opens new avenues for developing medications to treat addiction. |
Neurotransmitter that helps cancers progress IDed Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Using human cancer cells, tumor and blood samples from cancer patients, researchers have uncovered the role of a neurotransmitter in the spread of aggressive cancers. Neurotransmitters are chemical ''messengers'' that transmit impulses from neurons to other target cells. |
A new way to 'freeze' cells promises to transform the common cell-freezing practice Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Researchers in Japan have demonstrated preserving frozen animal cells without a cryoprotectant agent, relying instead on ultrarapid cooling. |
Particulate matter takes away 125,000 years of healthy life from Europe's child population Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT A study analyzes the burden of disease of seven environmental hazards to children in the 28 countries of the European Union. |
New discovery in how mammals sense the cold could lead to new pain relief drugs Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Researchers have shown for the first time that mammals detect different intensities of cold using distinct sensory neuron systems, a finding which could lead to the development of new drugs to treat cold pain. |
Scientists reproduce complete copy of 'anti-tumor antibiotic' Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT After 20 years of dedicated research, scientists have cracked the chemical code of an incredibly complex 'anti-tumor antibiotic' known to be highly effective against cancer cells as well as drug-resistant bacteria, and have reproduced it synthetically in the lab for the first time. |
A video game aids in research on Alzheimer's disease Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT A new study based on data collected from a spatial navigation video game has shown that poor spatial orientation as an indicator can help in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, even prior to the appearance of any clinical signs. |
Frustrated materials under high pressure Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT People are not the only ones to be occasionally frustrated. Some crystals also show frustrations. Cesium copper chloride is a prime example. Its magnetic copper atoms reside on a triangular lattice and seek to align themselves antiparallel to each other. In a triangle, this does not work, however. To better understand the underlying basics, physicists can now control the magnetic coupling using an elegant measuring method. |
Major deep carbon sink linked to microbes found near volcano chains Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Up to about 19% more carbon dioxide than previously believed is removed naturally and stored underground between coastal trenches and inland chains of volcanoes, keeping the greenhouse gas from entering the atmosphere, according to a new study. |
High-efficiency thermoelectric materials: New insights into tin selenide Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT Measurements at the BESSY II and PETRA IV synchrotron sources show that tin selenide can also be utilized as a thermoelectric material at room temperature -- so long as high pressure is applied. |
A close look at lithium batteries Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:35 PM PDT To better analyze the causes of malfunctions and premature failure of lithium batteries, researchers have developed a technique that visualizes the distribution of active lithium on the anode and differentiates between dendrites and 'dead' lithium. |
A breakthrough in the study of laser/plasma interactions Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:34 PM PDT Researchers have developed a particle-in-cell simulation tool that is enabling cutting-edge simulations of laser/plasma coupling mechanisms. More detailed understanding of these mechanisms is critical to the development of ultra-compact particle accelerators and light sources that could solve long-standing challenges in medicine, industry, and fundamental science. |
Elemental old-timer makes the universe look like a toddler Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:34 PM PDT Physicists have now discovered the longest half-life ever measured in xenon 124. The element's half-life is many orders of magnitude greater than the current age of the universe. |
Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:34 PM PDT Researchers are pushing the boundaries of how 'smart' diagnostic-imaging machines identify cancers -- and uncovering clues outside the tumor to tell whether a patient will respond well to chemotherapy. |
New robust device may scale up quantum tech Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:34 PM PDT A new device may bring scalable quantum bits because it's planar, just like silicon wafers already in use, and robust thanks to protective properties enabled by combining aluminum and indium arsenide. |
Eclogitic diamonds formed from oceanic crust Posted: 24 Apr 2019 12:34 PM PDT Eclogitic diamonds formed in Earth's mantle originate from oceanic crust, rather than marine sediments as commonly thought, according to a new study. |
Chemists invent new Lewis acidity test using fluorescence Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:52 AM PDT Chemists have invented a new fluorescence-based method for accurately determining the strength of a range of Lewis acids, which could one day be used to help purify pharmaceutical drugs, improve industrial processes and explore next-generation technologies, according to a new chemistry study. |
Doctors turning to antibiotic alternatives to treat acne Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:52 AM PDT Physicians are scaling back on prescribing antibiotics for long-term acne treatment in favor of a combinations of therapies, according to new researchers. |
Geography study finds hot days lead to wildfires Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:52 AM PDT Geography researchers found that temperature was a better predictor of wildfire than humidity, rainfall, moisture content of the vegetation and soil and other weather factors. |
Salish seafloor mapping identifies earthquake and tsunami risks Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:51 AM PDT The central Salish Sea of the Pacific Northwest is bounded by two active fault zones that could trigger rockfalls and slumps of sediment that might lead to tsunamis. |
Reinforced concrete wall damage may be larger than expected in major Seattle earthquake Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:51 AM PDT Using ground motions generated for a range of simulated magnitude 9 earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest, researchers are testing how well reinforced concrete walls might stand up under such seismic events. |
Changes in rainfall and temperatures have already impacted water quality Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:51 AM PDT Changes in temperature and precipitation have already impacted the amount of nitrogen introduced into US waterways. This can lead to toxin-producing algal blooms or low-oxygen dead zones called hypoxia. |
Study merges big data and zebrafish biology to reveal mechanisms of human disease Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:51 AM PDT In a series of studies that volleyed between large databases and research in zebrafish, investigators have discovered a link between vascular biology and eye disease. The research uncovered an unexpected role for the gene GRIK5, and it showcases a new paradigm for using biobanks, electronic health records and zebrafish to discover the genetic mechanisms that contribute to human disease. |
Vast diversity of ocean microbes revealed Posted: 24 Apr 2019 09:50 AM PDT Advanced molecular techniques have revealed the diversity of a little-understood group of ocean microbes called protists, according to a new publication. The project analyzed samples collected by the global Tara Oceans expedition, documenting genomes that will help researchers identify protists throughout the ocean. |
Brain scans on movie watchers reveal how we judge people Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:29 AM PDT Researchers used brain scans to reveal the biases people feel towards people who are like them, even if they can't see that they are like them. |
Quality of laser beam shaping can be enhanced at no extra cost Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:29 AM PDT Researchers have developed a technique for improving accuracy of laser beam shaping and wavefront obtained by conventional methods with no additional cost by optimizing virtual phase grating. |
Imaging system helps surgeons remove tiny ovarian tumors Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:29 AM PDT Researchers have developed a way to improve the accuracy of surgery to remove ovarian tumors. Using carbon nanotubes and a near-infrared imaging system, they could find and remove tumors as small as 0.3 millimeters during surgery in mice, resulting in a 40 percent enhancement in median survival. |
Classroom crowdscience: Students challenged to detect schizophrenia genes Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:29 AM PDT Teaching big data to future scientists means having them think creatively about ways to harness the terabytes of information available to them. To that end, a systems biologist used his graduate course to host a classroom competition tasking students with detecting genes associated with schizophrenia. The winning technique was quick, flexible, and outperformed previously published methods. |
Photoacoustic endoscopy could improve Crohn's disease treatment Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:29 AM PDT A newly developed endoscope could give doctors a better view of intestinal changes caused by Crohn's disease. This additional information would help improve treatment of the painful and debilitating form of inflammatory bowel disease, which currently affects hundreds of thousands of US adults. |
BRAF protein modification could slow tumor growth Posted: 24 Apr 2019 08:29 AM PDT Researchers have discovered a signaling pathway between cytokines and BRAF that promotes tumor growth. The finding could provide a potential therapeutic target. |
Nanosized container with photoswitches: Release of cargo upon irradiation in water Posted: 24 Apr 2019 07:22 AM PDT Researchers have developed a nanosized container bearing photoswitches that takes up hydrophobic compounds of various size and shape in water and subsequently releases them quantitatively by non-invasive light stimulus. The installed switches allow reusing of the container after successful release of the cargo. The novel system represents a versatile platform for future developments in fields such as materials chemistry and biomedicine. |
Rapid destruction of Earth-like atmospheres by young stars Posted: 24 Apr 2019 07:22 AM PDT The discoveries of thousands of planets orbiting stars outside our solar system has made questions about the potential for life to form on these planets. Fundamentally important for the habitability of a planet is whether or not it can hold onto an atmosphere. A new study by has shown that young stars can rapidly destroy the atmospheres of Earth-like planets, which is a significant additional difficulty for the formation of life outside our solar system. |
Schadenfreude: Your pain is my gain Posted: 24 Apr 2019 07:22 AM PDT If someone in the workplace is mistreated, their colleagues may respond with empathy -- or with schadenfreude. The latter emotion, according to a new study, occurs primarily in highly competitive working environments, when one person's misfortune facilitates another's goals. Even worse, schadenfreude can be contagious. For this reason, it is worth establishing an inclusive working climate and team-based incentives. |
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