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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| A promising new pathway to treating type 2 diabetes Posted: 29 Jun 2021 04:17 PM PDT Researchers believe the liver may hold the key to new, preventative Type 2 diabetes treatments. |
| Growing 'metallic wood' to new heights Posted: 29 Jun 2021 04:17 PM PDT Penn Engineers' 'metallic wood' gets its useful properties and name from a key structural feature of its natural counterpart: porosity. As a lattice of nanoscale nickel struts, metallic wood is full of cell-sized pores that radically decrease its density without sacrificing strength. They have now solved a major problem preventing metallic wood from being manufactured at meaningful sizes: eliminating 'inverted cracks,' a kind of defect that has plagued similar materials for decades. |
| Bronze Age: how the market began Posted: 29 Jun 2021 04:17 PM PDT Knowing the weight of a commodity provides a way to value goods in the marketplace. But did a self-regulating market even exist in the Bronze Age? And what can weight systems tell us? Researchers investigated the dissemination of weight systems throughout Western Eurasia. Their simulation indicates that the interaction of merchants, even without intervention from institutions, is likely to explain the spread of Bronze Age technology to weigh goods. |
| This 5,000-year-old man had the earliest known strain of plague Posted: 29 Jun 2021 01:13 PM PDT The oldest strain of Yersinia pestis -- the bacteria behind the plague that caused the Black Death, which may have killed as much as half of Europe's population in the 1300s -- has been found in the remains of a 5,000-year-old hunter-gatherer. A genetic analysis reveals that this ancient strain was likely less contagious and not as deadly as its medieval version. |
| To understand the future of hurricanes, look to the past Posted: 29 Jun 2021 01:13 PM PDT New research highlights the importance of understanding sea surface temperatures patterns in predicting future hurricane frequency. |
| Fungi embrace fundamental economic theory as they engage in trading Posted: 29 Jun 2021 01:13 PM PDT When you think about trade and market relationships, you might think about brokers yelling at each other on the floor of a stock exchange on Wall Street. But it seems one of the basic functions of a free market is quietly practiced by fungi. |
| A promising two-punch therapy for Langerhans cell histiocytosis Posted: 29 Jun 2021 01:13 PM PDT A novel combination therapy resulted in a significant decrease of disease burden in an animal model of LCH. |
| Longer-lived lithium-metal battery marks step forward for electric vehicles Posted: 29 Jun 2021 12:13 PM PDT Researchers have increased the lifetime of a promising electric vehicle battery to a record level. |
| Increased use of household fireworks creates a public health hazard Posted: 29 Jun 2021 11:43 AM PDT Fireworks are synonymous in the United States with the celebration of Independence Day and other special events, but the colorful displays have caused a growing risk to public safety in recent years, according to a new study. |
| Paving the way to artificial photosynthesis -- effect of doping on the photocatalyst SrTiO3 Posted: 29 Jun 2021 11:43 AM PDT While the material strontium titanate (SrTiO3) has shown immense potential as a photocatalyst in solar energy conversion, it is unclear whether chemical defects can influence its properties. Now, researchers looked into how doping with niobium affects the charge properties of SrTiO3 crystals. Their findings can help us to increase the efficiency of SrTiO3 photocatalysts, opening doors to a sustainable energy source. |
| A new piece of the quantum computing puzzle Posted: 29 Jun 2021 11:43 AM PDT Scientists have developed a groundbreaking quantum logic gate that brings quantum computing closer to reality. |
| Study reveals mechanisms of increased infectivity, antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants Posted: 29 Jun 2021 11:43 AM PDT Combining structural biology and computation, researchers have identified how multiple mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein independently create variants that are more transmissible and potentially resistant to antibodies. |
| Reported cases of myocarditis in younger men following COVID-19 vaccination are rare Posted: 29 Jun 2021 11:43 AM PDT Researchers are taking a close look at rare cases of inflammation of the heart muscle, or myocarditis, in young men who developed symptoms shortly after receiving the second dose of the Moderna or Pfizer messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccines. Several recent studies suggest that health care professionals should watch for hypersensitivity myocarditis as a rare adverse reaction to being vaccinated for COVID-19. However, researchers stress that this awareness should not diminish overall confidence in vaccination during the current pandemic. |
| How a COVID-19 infection changes blood cells in the long run Posted: 29 Jun 2021 11:43 AM PDT New research suggests that a coronavirus infection alters the biomechanical properties of red and white blood cells, in some cases for months -- a possible explanation for long COVID. |
| Speedy nanorobots could someday clean up soil and water, deliver drugs Posted: 29 Jun 2021 11:43 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that minuscule, self-propelled particles called 'nanoswimmers' can escape from mazes as much as 20 times faster than other, passive particles, paving the way for their use in everything from industrial clean-ups to medication delivery. |
| Hunting dark energy with gravity resonance spectroscopy Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT Researchers demonstrate a robust experimental technique for studying one particular theory for dark energy. Named 'Gravity Resonance Spectroscopy,' their approach could bring researchers a step closer to understanding one of the greatest mysteries in cosmology. |
| Computer training program for seniors can reduce hazardous driving Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT A recent proof-of-concept study finds that a low-cost training program can reduce hazardous driving in older adults. Researchers hope the finding will lead to the training becoming more widely available. |
| A new class of functional elements in the human genome? Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT When regions of the human genome where the DNA can fold into unusual three-dimensional structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s) are located in regulatory sequences or other functional, but non-protein coding, regions of the genome, they are maintained by selection, are more common, and their unusual structures are more stable. Together, these lines of evidence suggest that G4 elements should be added to the list of functional elements of the genome. |
| Drug relieves persistent daydreaming, fatigue, and brain sluggishness in adults with ADHD Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT Tests of a drug known to stimulate brain activity have shown early success in reducing symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo in 38 men and women with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD.) |
| Hot nights confuse circadian clocks in rice, hurting crop yields Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT Rising nighttime temperatures are curbing crop yields for rice, and new research moves us closer to understanding why. The study found that warmer nights alter the rice plant's biological schedule, with hundreds of genes being expressed earlier than usual, while hundreds of other genes are being expressed later than usual. |
| Early experiences have larger effect on mood than more recent ones, study suggests Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT New insight on how our experiences during a task or interaction shape our current mood has just been published. |
| Female fruit flies suppressed: Potential to make pests plummet Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT Pest populations plummet in lab experiments as technique using genetically modified fruit flies works more effectively than expected. |
| 'Unlocking' the potential of viruses to fight cancer Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT Researchers have elucidated the mechanism through which the H-1PV cancer-destroying virus can cause cell lysis and death. At the heart of this process lie laminins, and specifically laminin gamma 1, a family of proteins on the surface of a cancer cell to which this virus binds. The findings carry significant implications for the advancement of virus-based anticancer strategies and for the prediction of a patient's response to this innovative therapeutic approach. |
| Microstructure found in beetle's exoskeleton contributes to color and damage resistance Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT In addition to providing coloration, the exoskeletal shell of beetles needs to be strong and damage tolerant, researchers explain. |
| Researchers identify muscle proteins whose quantity is reduced in type 2 diabetes Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT A study shows that the concentration of mitochondrial muscle proteins already decreases markedly in prediabetes. The new finding confirms the significance of muscle mitochondria in the development of type 2 diabetes. |
| New 2D alloy combines five metals, breaks down CO2 Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:43 AM PDT A new, two-dimensional material has been synthesized to act as a catalyst for reducing CO2, into CO, with potential applications in environmental remediation. |
| Data-driven approach for a more sustainable utility rate structure Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:42 AM PDT Many drivers use tollways to get from point A to point B because they are a faster and more convenient option. The fees associated with these roadways are higher during peak traffic hours of the day, such as during the commute to and from work. |
| Reversal speeds creation of important molecule Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:39 AM PDT A reverse approach to making halichondrin B is the shortest route to what it referred to as a rather complex and important molecule and the parent compound of eribulin, the latter being used to treat breast cancer and liposarcoma. |
| Dinosaurs were in decline before the end Posted: 29 Jun 2021 10:05 AM PDT The death of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago was caused by the impact of a huge asteroid on the Earth. However, paleontologists have continued to debate whether they were already in decline or not before the impact. Scientists now show that they were already in decline for as much as ten million years before the final death blow. |
| Playing wind instruments generates less aerosol than vocalization, COVID-19 study finds Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:08 AM PDT Aerosol generated by playing woodwind and brass instruments is less than that produced when vocalising (speaking and singing) and is no different than a person breathing, new research has found. The findings could be crucial to developing a roadmap for lifting COVID-19 restrictions in the performing arts, which have been significantly restricted since the start of the pandemic. |
| Scientists mine the rich seam of body wearable motion sensors Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:08 AM PDT Body movement can be identified through clothing by passing a low voltage through a seam sewn from conductive yarn. Seam-based fitness trackers hold promise for tracking subtle movements (yoga, Pilates, rehabilitation, etc) -- something today's fitness watches struggle with. Stretching conductive seams reduces voltage, and the increase in resistance broadly indicates the level of stretch. Changes in voltage are recorded using a microcontroller. |
| Just enough information will motivate young children to learn, drive curiosity Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:08 AM PDT Preschool children are sensitive to the gap between how much they know and how much there is to learn, according to a new study. |
| A new kind of visual illusion uncovers how our brains connect the dots Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:08 AM PDT A new class of illusion, developed by a visual artist and a psychology researcher, underscores the highly constructive nature of visual perception. |
| Antibodies help identify women protected from placental malaria Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:08 AM PDT Six antibody characteristics could help scientists identify which pregnant women are at risk of placental malaria infections. |
| Identifying a topological fingerprint Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:08 AM PDT Australian theoretical physics study just out has identified a 'smoking gun' in long search for the topological magnetic monopole referred to as the Berry curvature. This breakthrough in search for topological effects in non-equilibrium systems opens paths towards low-energy topological electronics viable for large-scale, room-temperature operation. |
| New findings to boost barley yields at higher temperatures Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:08 AM PDT Researchers have identified a novel mechanism in barley plants, which could help crop growers achieve high yields as temperatures rise. |
| Parasites manipulate praying mantis's polarized-light perception, causing it to jump into water Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:08 AM PDT Researchers have revealed that praying mantis (mantids) infected with parasitic hairworms are attracted to horizontally polarized light that is strongly reflected off the surface of water, which causes them to enter the water. These results demonstrate that parasites can manipulate the host's specific light perception system to their advantage, causing the host to behave in an abnormal manner. |
| Success in reversing dementia in mice sets the stage for human clinical trials Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Researchers have identified a new treatment candidate that appears to not only halt neurodegenerative symptoms in mouse models of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, but also reverse the effects of the disorders. |
| Diversity of tiny bobtail squid driven by ancient biogeographic events, finds new study Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Researchers took a close look at bobtail and bottletail squids to establish their evolutionary relationships and the timing of the divergence of different species. |
| COVID-19: Reduced sense of taste and smell lingers Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Patients with mild COVID-19 infections experience a significantly increased longer lasting reduced sense of taste and smell. This is also the case for long-term shortness of breath, although relatively few people are affected. And women and the elderly are particularly affected, according to new research. |
| Managing attention deficit disorder by training the brain Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Scientists explored a technique called 'neurofeedback,' which enables ADHD patients to train their attention, based on instant feedback from the level of their brain activity. The team of neuroscientists found that not only did the training have a positive effect on patients' concentration abilities, but also that the attention improvement was closely linked to an enhanced response from the brain -- the P3 wave -- which is known to reflect integration of information in the brain. |
| The evolution of axial patterning Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Body axes are molecular coordinate systems along which regulatory genes are activated. These genes then activate the development of anatomical structures in correct locations in the embryo. Thus, the body ensures that we do not develop arms on our heads or ears on our backs. |
| Cell biology: Masters of synapse modulation Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Researchers have shown how RNA-binding proteins modulate synaptic responses that mediate the transmission of nerve cell impulses. |
| Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Earthworms are special because they keep our soil healthy. From the outside they appear inconspicuous. But what earthworms look like from the inside, from their organs to the microbes and parasites that colonize them, has been difficult to grasp. Scientists have developed a method to visualize anatomical structures including products of an earthworm's metabolism. |
| Microbes feast on crushed rock in subglacial lakes beneath Antarctica Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Pioneering research has revealed the erosion of ancient sediments found deep beneath Antarctic ice could be a vital and previously unknown source of nutrients and energy for abundant microbial life. |
| How environmental factors could provide for a young brain Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT A stimulating environment keeps the 'hippocampus' -- which is the brain's memory control center -- young, so to speak. Causes of this are molecular mechanisms that affect gene regulation. These current findings from studies in mice provide clues as to why an active, varied life can help preserve mental fitness in old age. |
| Ground breaking invention on battery recycling Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new method to recycle electric vehicle batteries using a ground-breaking new approach that many will have experienced in the dentist's chair. |
| Sustainable mining of raw materials from thermal springs in Chile Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Lithium, cesium, or even gold -- in addition to energy geothermal waters can contain mineral treasures. Researchers want to leverage this potential and support sustainable mining in Chile. Together with their partners, they are developing strategies and methods for extracting mineral resources and even drinking water directly in geothermal power plants. |
| 'The focea': A region of improved vision in mice Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Researchers have discovered that the visual cortex of mice contains a region of enhanced visual sensitivity dubbed the 'focea', making the mouse a better model of human vision than previously expected. |
| Human molecule blocking toxic forms of Parkinson's-related protein identified Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Researchers have identified a human peptide found in the brain that blocks the alpha-synuclein aggregates involved in Parkinson's disease and prevents their neurotoxicity. |
| This crystal impurity is sheer perfection Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT Scientists have developed a nanoparticle composite that grows into 3D crystals. The new 3D-grown material could speed up production and eliminate errors in the mass manufacturing of nanoscale photonics for smart buildings or actuators for robotics. |
| Stretching changes the electronic properties of graphene Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:07 AM PDT The electronic properties of graphene can be specifically modified by stretching the material evenly, say researchers. These results open the door to the development of new types of electronic components. |
| Targeted delivery of therapeutic RNAs only to cancer, no harm caused to healthy cells Posted: 29 Jun 2021 09:04 AM PDT The groundbreaking technology may revolutionize the treatment of cancer and a wide range of diseases and medical conditions. |
| Visualizing atomic-scale structures with optical force Posted: 29 Jun 2021 07:12 AM PDT Scientists succeeded in imaging the photocatalytic function of nanoparticles with unprecedently high resolution, which may provide a new tool for nanotechnology and optical manipulation of tiny devices. |
| Researchers discover unique 'spider web' mechanism that traps, kills viruses Posted: 29 Jun 2021 07:12 AM PDT Immunologists have discovered a previously unknown mechanism which acts like a spider web, trapping and killing pathogens such as influenza or SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. |
| COVID-19's socio-economic fallout threatens global coffee industry, study finds Posted: 29 Jun 2021 07:12 AM PDT COVID-19's socio-economic effects will likely cause another severe production crisis in the coffee industry, according to a new study. |
| Evidence against physically punishing kids is clear, researchers say Posted: 29 Jun 2021 07:12 AM PDT A conclusive narrative review has found physical punishment of children is not effective in preventing child behavior problems or promoting positive outcomes and instead predicts increases in behavior problems and other poor outcomes over time. |
| Microfilter device capable of detecting trace amounts of cancer cells in one mL of blood Posted: 29 Jun 2021 07:12 AM PDT Researchers have developed a microfilter device that can easily separate and capture trace amounts of cancer cells in blood. The palm-sized device is expected to contribute to the development of new cancer diagnostic technologies based on cancer cells in the blood, such as early detection by blood test, postoperative management, and recurrence monitoring. |
| How humans brought change to a tropical paradise Posted: 29 Jun 2021 07:12 AM PDT After centuries of human impact on the world's ecosystems, a new study details an example of how a common native bee species has flourished since the very first land clearances by humans on Fiji. |
| Mongoose in the city: How landscape can impact disease transmission in Botswana Posted: 29 Jun 2021 07:12 AM PDT Under a concrete drainage culvert at the edge of a town in Botswana, a troop of banded mongoose is getting ready to leave its den. Moving from shade into light, the cat-sized animals scan the area for signs of danger and for opportunities to find something to eat in an increasingly crowded neighborhood. |
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