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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Amygdala changes in individuals with autism linked to anxiety Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST A long-term study finds significant changes in brain development linked to anxiety in children with autism. The study, which included brain scans and interviews, also provides new evidence that supports forms of anxiety specific to autism. |
| Discovery could enable broad coronavirus vaccine Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST Scientists identified vulnerable site on multiple coronaviruses that could be targeted to prevent future pandemics. |
| Third wave of COVID-19 hit rural America especially hard Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST Rural counties saw 2.4 times more COVID-19 infections per capita compared to urban counties in July and August of 2021 during a surge of the delta variant, a new study finds. Early data suggest omicron is spreading faster in urban areas but causing more hospitalization and death in rural counties where vaccination is lagging. |
| Genetic legacy of last glaciation influences reindeer's seasonal migrations Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST Caribou (known as reindeer in Europe) make one of the longest seasonal migrations of land animals, but an individual's propensity to migrate depends on its genetic ancestry, researchers report. |
| Clearance of protein linked to Alzheimer's controlled by circadian cycle Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST The brain's ability to clear a protein closely linked to Alzheimer's disease is tied to our circadian cycle, according to new research. The research underscores the importance of healthy sleep habits in preventing the protein Amyloid-Beta 42 (AB42) from forming clumps in the brain, and opens a path to potential Alzheimer's therapies. |
| Biohybrid fish made from human cardiac cells swims like the heart beats Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST Scientists have developed the first fully autonomous biohybrid fish from human stem-cell derived cardiac muscle cells. The artificial fish swims by recreating the muscle contractions of a pumping heart, bringing researchers one step closer to developing a more complex artificial muscular pump and providing a platform to study heart disease like arrhythmia. |
| Calorie restriction trial reveals key factors in extending human health Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:42 PM PST Decades of research has shown that limits on calorie intake by flies, worms, and mice can enhance life span in laboratory conditions. But whether such calorie restriction can do the same for humans remains unclear. Now a new study confirms the health benefits of moderate calorie restrictions in humans -- and identifies a key protein that could be harnessed to extend health in humans. |
| Capturing hidden data for asymptomatic COVID-19 cases provides a better pandemic picture Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST Asymptomatic COVID-19 cases are the bane of computer modelers' existences -- they throw off the modeling data to an unknown degree. A new approach explores using historic epidemic data from eight different countries to estimate the transmission rate and fraction of under-reported cases. |
| Seawater seep may be speeding glacier melt, sea level rise Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:41 PM PST A new study projects that warm seawater seeping under certain glaciers could eventually lead to future sea level rise that's double that of existing estimates. |
| Researchers identify COVID-19 variants with potential to escape cellular immune response Posted: 10 Feb 2022 12:32 PM PST A number of existing strains of SARS-CoV-2, as well as other future variants that could arise, have the potential to escape the immune system's cytotoxic T cell response in some portion of the population, according to a new modeling study. |
| Posted: 10 Feb 2022 09:58 AM PST Researchers have discovered a new clue in the search for the origin of life by showing that peptides can form on dust under conditions such as those prevailing in outer space. These molecules, which are one of the basic building blocks of all life, may therefore not have originated on our planet at all, but possibly in cosmic molecular clouds. |
| Future gravitational wave detector in space could uncover secrets of the Universe Posted: 10 Feb 2022 09:58 AM PST New research has shown that future gravitational wave detections from space will be capable of finding new fundamental fields and potentially shed new light on unexplained aspects of the Universe. |
| Promising molecule for treatment of COVID-19 Posted: 10 Feb 2022 09:58 AM PST Researchers have succeeded in designing a molecule that inhibits the replication of coronaviruses and that has great potential for development into a drug suitable for treating COVID-19. The molecule is effective against both the new variant and previously identified coronaviruses. |
| Futuristic coating for hospital fabrics and activewear kills COVID virus and E. coli Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:41 AM PST Researchers have developed an inexpensive, non-toxic coating for almost any fabric that decreases the infectivity of the virus that causes COVID-19 by up to 90 per cent. And in the future, you might be able to spray it on fabric yourself. |
| Spatial training with blocks and puzzles could unlock the UK's mathematical potential Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:41 AM PST A sustained focus on spatial reasoning training could help children learn science, technology, engineering and mathematics. |
| Insight into the genetics of autism offers hope for new drug treatments Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:41 AM PST Drugs to increase insulin signaling may be effective for treating autism, say researchers who have discovered how a genetic change impacts on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in the brain. |
| Einstein's photoelectric effect: The time it takes for an electron to be released Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:41 AM PST When light hits a material, electrons can be released from this material -- the photoelectric effect. Although this effect played a major role in the development of the quantum theory, it still holds a number of secrets: To date it has not been clear how quickly the electron is released after the photon is absorbed. Researchers have now been able to find an answer to this mystery with the aid of a COLTRIMS reaction microscope: The emission takes place lightning fast, namely within just a few attoseconds. |
| Men with high levels of body fat may be at risk for osteoporosis Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:40 AM PST Men with high levels of body fat have lower bone density and may be more likely to break a bone than those with normal levels of body fat, according to a new study. |
| A 'fairly simple' breakthrough makes accessing stored hydrogen more efficient Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:40 AM PST A new catalyst extracts hydrogen from hydrogen storage materials easily and efficiently. The process occurs at mild temperatures and under normal atmospheric conditions, without using metals or additives. |
| African Heritage Sites threatened by coastal flooding and erosion as sea-level rise accelerates Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:40 AM PST Climate risk and heritage experts have provided the first comprehensive assessment of exposure of African cultural and natural Heritage Sites to extreme sea levels and erosion associated with accelerating sea level rise. |
| Illuminating real-time brain dynamics of neuropeptides with a fluorescent biosensor Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:40 AM PST Neuropeptides play fundamental roles in modulating cellular and circuit functions within the brain. One such signaling molecule -- orexin -- regulates arousal and wakefulness, and its failure can lead to constant daytime sleepiness (narcolepsy). Researchers have now developed a fluorescent orexin biosensor to observe this molecule 'live' in the living mouse brain. |
| Facial analysis improves diagnosis Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:40 AM PST Rare genetic diseases can sometimes be recognized through facial features, such as characteristically shaped brows, nose or cheeks. Researchers have now trained software that uses portrait photos to better diagnose such diseases. The improved version "GestaltMatcher" can now also detect diseases that are not yet known to it. It also manages to diagnose known diseases with very small numbers of patients. |
| Breakthrough in cathode chemistry clears the path for Li-S batteries' commercial viability Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:40 AM PST Researchers have discovered a new way of producing and stabilizing a rare form of sulfur that functions in carbonate electrolyte -- the energy-transport liquid used in commercial Li-ion batteries. This development would not only make sulfur batteries commercially viable, but they would have three times the capacity of Li-ion batteries and last more than 4,000 recharges -- the equivalent of 10 years of use -- also a substantial improvement. |
| Fix, not fight: Scientists help plants regenerate after injury Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:32 AM PST After injury, plants make a trade-off between repairing damaged tissue and ramping up their defenses, according to a new study. Understanding how plants regulate these responses enabled the researchers to nudge wounded plants toward repair instead of defense, a strategy that could be useful in improving regeneration in important staple crops like corn. |
| Potential to identify risk of Alzheimer’s in middle age with simple eye test Posted: 10 Feb 2022 08:32 AM PST A simple eye test may make diagnosing the earliest stages of 'diseases of old age' possible when people are much younger, researchers hope. |
| JET fusion facility sets a new world energy record Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST European scientists have achieved a major success on the road to energy production through fusion plasmas: They produced stable plasmas with 59 megajoules of energy output at the world's largest fusion facility, JET, in Culham near Oxford, UK. |
| New planet detected around Proxima Centauri, closest star our solar system Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST Astronomers have found evidence of another planet orbiting Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our Solar System. This candidate planet is the third detected in the system and the lightest yet discovered orbiting this star. At just a quarter of Earth's mass, the planet is also one of the lightest exoplanets ever found. |
| New mechanism involved in learning and memory Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST FMRP, a protein whose loss causes intellectual disability, may regulate a neuron's synaptic response by establishing a feedback loop between the cell's nucleus and its faraway dendrites. |
| Aboriginal Australians in cities have dementia rates as high as those in rural areas Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST Studies have shown that Aboriginal Australians living in remote areas of the country are disproportionately affected by dementia, with rates approximately double those of non-Indigenous people. A new study shows that Aboriginal Australians living in urban areas also have similar high rates of dementia. |
| Debris from disintegrating planets hurtling into white dwarfs across the galaxy Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST The moment that debris from destroyed planets impacts the surface of a white dwarf star has been observed. Astronomers saw X-rays from planetary debris heated to a million degrees as it fell onto the dead core of its host star. |
| Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST New research reveals that sex differences in learning and memory mechanisms are triggered by biological events occurring during puberty. Findings show prepubescent female rodents have much better hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial learning than same-age males, but puberty has opposite consequences for synaptic plasticity in the two sexes. |
| Babies in bike trailers exposed to higher levels of pollutants than their parents Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:49 AM PST Babies and children sitting in bicycle trailers breathe in more polluted air than the adults riding the bikes that pull them --- but trailer covers can help halve air pollution levels. |
| One out of three people exposed to potentially harmful pesticide Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:49 AM PST One out of three people in a large survey showed signs of exposure to a pesticide called 2,4-D, according to a new study. This novel research found that human exposure to this chemical has been rising as agricultural use of the chemical has increased, a finding that raises worries about possible health implications. |
| New technique will improve the construction of ice roads and bridges Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:49 AM PST A new study found that measuring the time it takes for a radar pulse to travel from a satellite to the sea surface and back again can reveal the thickness of river ice and dates when it is safe to travel on ice roads and bridges in Arctic regions. |
| How guard cell chloroplasts obtain energy Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:49 AM PST Whether Guard Cells (GCs) carry out photosynthesis has been debated for decades. Earlier studies suggested that guard cell chloroplasts (GCCs) cannot fix CO2 but later studies argued otherwise. Until recently, it has remained controversial whether GCCs and/or GC photosynthesis play a direct role in stomatal movements. Researchers have now discovered GCs' genuine source of fuel and untangled the mystery. |
| Brainy birds may fare better under climate change Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:49 AM PST Many North American migratory birds are shrinking in size as temperatures have warmed over the past 40 years. But those with very big brains, relative to their body size, did not shrink as much as smaller-brained birds, according to new research. The study is the first to identify a direct link between cognition and animal response to human-made climate change. |
| Epigenetic effects of pollution persist for multiple generations in water fleas Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:49 AM PST A new study has shown that the effects of pollutants can be transmitted over many generations in water fleas and may persist long enough to influence the evolutionary process. The research adds new evidence to the debate on whether environmental influences can cause heritable changes to an animal's biology. |
| How does cannabis use affect brain health? Caution advised, more research needed, experts say Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:49 AM PST Although recreational and medicinal marijuana (cannabis) is increasingly available across the U.S., public and professional awareness that cannabis use may adversely affect brain health is critical, according to the American Heart Association's first scientific statement on the subject. |
| Toward triggering room-temperature superconductivity with light Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:49 AM PST Hitting a material with laser light can produce a flash of superconductivity -- the ability to carry electric current with no loss -- and may offer a path toward room-temperature conductivity. |
| Your microbiome shapes your life. But where did it come from? Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:50 PM PST The gut microbiome is an ecosystem of hundreds to thousands of microbial species living within the human body. These populations affect our health, fertility, and even our longevity. But how do they get there in the first place? New research reveals crucial details about how the bacterial communities that comprise each of our individual gut microbiomes are acquired. These findings have major implications for treatments such as fecal transplants and probiotic administration. |
| Potential biomarkers identified for neuropsychiatric symptoms of lupus Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:50 PM PST An expert in autoimmune diseases and systemic lupus erythematosus has identified potential biomarkers for neuropsychiatric symptoms of lupus after conducting a large-scale protein study. |
| Applying the butterfly principle Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:50 PM PST Researchers have created artificial colors by 3D printing certain nanostructures inspired by those of a butterfly. This principle can be used in the future to produce color screens. |
| Steering conversion of CO2 and ethane to desired products Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST Chemists describe the key features of a catalyst that determine its selectivity for transforming CO2 and ethane (C2H6) into synthesis gas (useful for generating electricity or making liquid fuels) or, alternatively, ethylene (a building block for making paints, plastics, and other polymers). The findings could inform the rational design of catalysts to yield desired products. |
| Genetically engineered microbes with a kill switch Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST Scientists have taken a big step forward in their quest to design a modular, genetically engineered kill switch that integrates into any genetically engineered microbe, causing it to self-destruct under certain defined conditions. |
| 85% of coral reef fish studied are overfished Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST A new study found concrete evidence that more than 85 percent of the grouper and snapper studied are overfished as a direct result of increasing human demand for seafood. |
| January 2020 Puerto Rico earthquake provides valuable data for ground failure models Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST Field surveys conducted in the days after the 7 January 2020 Puerto Rico earthquake documented more than 300 landslides and severe liquefaction in southern coastal regions, according to a new study. |
| Surprisingly high fraction of dead galaxies found in ancient galactic city Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST Astronomers have discovered an unusual massive cluster of young galaxies forming in the early universe. The newly discovered growing galactic metropolis, named MAGAZ3NE J095924+022537, is a newborn galaxy cluster, or protocluster, consisting of at least 38 member galaxies, and is about 11.8 billion light-years away from Earth. |
| Common virus may cause serious disease in transplant patients Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST A common virus that causes no harm in most people may be a danger to organ transplant recipients and other immunocompromised people, researchers have found. |
| Climate drove 7,000 years of dietary changes in the Central Andes Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST What a person eats influences a person's health, longevity and experience in the world. Identifying the factors that determine people's diets is important to answer the bigger questions, such as how changing climates will influence unequal access to preferred foods. A new study provides a blueprint to systematically untangle and evaluate the power of both climate and population size on the varied diets across a region in the past. |
| Rare earth elements await in waste Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST Scientists applied their flash Joule heating process to coal fly ash and other toxic waste to safely extract rare earth elements essential to modern electronics and green technologies. |
| Unlocking the mechanical secrets of giant Amazonian waterlilies Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST Researchers studying giant Amazonian waterlilies have unraveled the engineering enigma behind the largest floating leaves in nature. |
| Context-dependent behavior can make cooperation flourish Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:49 PM PST People adopt different social behavior depending on the context they're in. A deeply generous friend may be a cutthroat colleague, for example. Using a game theory framework, researchers find that context-dependent behavior doesn't stop cooperation from flourishing, especially when behavioral strategies can 'spillover' between social settings. |
| Stargazing in the brain: 'Star-like' cells display unique activity patterns Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:48 PM PST The way we experience the world occurs due to complex and intricate interactions between neurons in the brain. Now, a study suggests that astrocytes -- star-shaped, non-neuronal cells in the brain -- might also play an important role in processing information, and perhaps even memory. |
| New soft robot material to morph from ground to air vehicle using liquid metal Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:48 PM PST Researchers have developed a new approach for shape changing at the material level. They use rubber, metal, and temperature to morph materials and fix them into place with no motors or pulleys. |
| Cautiously optimistic: Study looks for riskiest tree disease spreaders, finds none Posted: 09 Feb 2022 12:48 PM PST Fungal disease represents one of the greatest threats to tree industries and forests in the United States. They're carried by invasive wood borers from overseas. A pre-invasion risk assessment tested 111 fungi samples extracted from 55 Eurasian beetles. None of the greenhouse-grown oak or pine saplings inoculated with the fungi died during the study period, and only a few fungi were shown to be weak pathogens. |
| Tiny electrical vortexes bridge gap between ferroelectric and ferromagnetic materials Posted: 09 Feb 2022 08:22 AM PST Ferromagnetic materials have a self-generating magnetic field, ferroelectric materials generate their own electrical field. Although electric and magnetic fields are related, physics tells us that they are very different classes of material. Now the discovery of a complex electrical 'vortex'-like pattern that mirrors its magnetic counterpart suggests that they could actually be two sides of the same coin. |
| Hungry for love: Gut molecule discovered that flips the feeding-to-mating switch Posted: 09 Feb 2022 08:22 AM PST Scientists have identified a molecule released from the gut after a protein-rich meal that switches the focus of fruit flies from eating to courtship. The discovery of Dh31, a type of chemical messenger, opens the door to unexplored areas of gut-to-brain communication. |
| Harnessing sea pineapples and blood waste for metal-air-battery catalysts Posted: 09 Feb 2022 08:21 AM PST Sea pineapples are a delicacy in Japan and the Tohoku region is renowned for its extensive sea pineapple industry. Soon they might not only be fueling our appetites, but helping power our future too. A research group demonstrated that the carbonization of cellulose nanofibers within sea pineapple shells produces high-quality carbon that, when mixed with blood waste from the livestock industry, boasts electrical performances similar to that of rare metals. |
| Overlooked disease: Tens of thousands of people have problems at work Posted: 09 Feb 2022 08:21 AM PST A new study shows that people with migraine or frequent tension headaches have a reduced work ability in particularly three areas. The researchers hope that the new knowledge may help workplaces become better at accommodating those suffering from headaches. |
| Metabolism found to regulate production of killer cells Posted: 09 Feb 2022 08:21 AM PST Researchers have discovered that metabolic changes affect how blood cells are formed during embryonic development. They found a previously unknown metabolic switch with a key role in how different types of blood cells develop. This means blood cell formation can be directed towards producing natural killer cells in the laboratory to ultimately be used in a new anti-cancer treatment. |
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