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ScienceDaily: Top News |
| Artificial hail for more accurate weather forecasts Posted: 25 Mar 2022 11:46 AM PDT A vertical wind tunnel has supplied important data to facilitate the prediction of heavy rain, hail, and graupel precipitation. |
| Stem cell secrets allow researchers to revamp reprogramming Posted: 25 Mar 2022 11:46 AM PDT Researchers have identified key factors that promote the reprogramming of human stem cells to the naïve state, which can be used to model the earliest stages of development. This new knowledge will help researchers to generate naïve pluripotent stem cells more efficiently and quickly. Their findings also provide new insights into the mechanisms that destabilise and reconfigure cell identity during cell state transitions. |
| Study shows how bioactive substance inhibits important receptor Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT The A2A receptor regulates how vigorously the innate immune system attacks diseased cells. Researchers have now been able to show for the first time how an important inhibitor binds to the receptor. In the future, the results will facilitate the targeted search for molecules that give the innate immune system more punch. These could for instance be used in the fight against cancer, but also against brain diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. |
| Half of all women experience false positive mammograms after 10 years of annual screening Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT Half of all women experience a false positive mammogram after 10 years of annual breast cancer screening with 3D mammography, a UC Davis-led study estimates. This risk was lower for women who had mammograms every other year. 3D screening showed slightly lower false positive results than standard mammography. |
| Large study challenges the theory that light alcohol consumption benefits heart health Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT In an observational analysis of UK Biobank participants, light to moderate drinkers had the lowest heart disease risk, followed by people who abstained from drinking; however, light to moderate drinkers tended to have healthier lifestyles than abstainers, which likely accounted for their better heart health. Genetic evidence in this same population suggested that all levels of alcohol intake are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Notably, the risk of cardiovascular disease linked to light alcohol consumption was modest but rose exponentially with higher intake, even at intake levels currently endorsed as 'low risk.' |
| Study finds neurons that encode the outcomes of actions Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT A group of neurons in the brain's striatum encodes information about the potential outcomes of different decisions. These cells become particularly active when a behavior leads a different outcome than what was expected, which the researchers believe helps the brain adapt to changing circumstances. |
| Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT Researchers have developed a novel super-hygroscopic material that enhances sweat evaporation within a personal protective suit, to create a cooling effect for better thermal comfort for users such as healthcare workers and other frontline officers. With this innovation, users will feel 40% cooler and their risk of getting heat stroke is lowered significantly. |
| Like father like child: male parents lead young birds on first migration Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:27 AM PDT GPS tracking of Caspian terns showed that male parents carry the main responsibility for leading young during their first migration from the Baltic Sea to Africa. |
| Vagus nerve stimulation lowers costs of care for children with uncontrolled epilepsy Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT A new study has examined a population of pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. For these patients, the study found that the patients who received vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), when used with anti-seizure medications (ASM), had lower hospital costs compared to the use of ASM alone. The study found that the patients treated with ASM plus VNS had savings of over $3,000 of epilepsy-related annual costs per year, compared to treatment with ASM only. |
| Innovative AI technology aids personalized care for diabetes patients needing complex drug treatment Posted: 25 Mar 2022 09:24 AM PDT Medical researchers have developed and tested an AI method to improve care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who need complex treatment. The new AI method analyzed electronic health record data across Utah and Indiana and learned generalizable treatment patterns of type 2 diabetes patients with similar characteristics. Those patterns can now be used to help determine an optimal drug regimen for a specific patient. |
| The hardy wild grass that could save our bread Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT An obscure species of wild grass contains 'blockbuster' disease resistance that can be cross bred into wheat to give immunity against one of the deadliest crop pathogens. |
| Quantum physics sets a speed limit to electronics Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT Semiconductor electronics is getting faster and faster - but at some point, physics no longer permits any increase. The speed can definitely not be increased beyond one petahertz (one million gigahertz), even if the material is excited in an optimal way with laser pulses. |
| Rapid glacial advance reconstructed during the time of Norse occupation in Greenland Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT The Greenland Ice Sheet is the second largest ice body in the world, and it has the potential to contribute significantly to global sea-level rise in a warming global climate. Understanding the long-term record of the Greenland Ice Sheet, including both records of glacial advance and retreat, is critical in validating approaches that model future ice-sheet scenarios. However, this reconstruction can be extremely challenging. A new study has reconstructed the advance of one of the largest tidewater glaciers in Greenland to provide a better understanding of long-term glacial dynamics. |
| Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT A novel class of bed net that kills mosquitoes resistant to traditional insecticides by making them unable to move or fly, significantly reduces malaria infection in children, according to new research published in The Lancet. Unlike other insecticides which kill the mosquito via the nervous system, the effects of the new bed net mean the mosquito dies from starvation or being unable to fend for itself. |
| Simply printing high-performance perovskite-based transistors Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:39 AM PDT A research team develops high performing p-type transistor using perovskite. Solution-processed metal halide perovskite transistors can now be printed. |
| Scientists develop coated probiotics that could be effectively delivered into the human gut Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:38 AM PDT Scientists have developed probiotics with a unique edible coating that ensures the beneficial bacteria successfully reach the intestine once they are ingested. |
| 'Hot' spin quantum bits in silicon transistors Posted: 25 Mar 2022 06:38 AM PDT Quantum bits (qubits) are the smallest units of information in a quantum computer. Currently, one of the biggest challenges in developing this kind of powerful computer is scalability. A research group has now made a breakthrough in this area. |
| https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/3240.html?id=6625 Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Tropical peatlands are one of the most efficient carbon sinks. The flipside is that they can become massive emitters of carbon if they are damaged, for instance by land use change, degradation or fire. This can lead to faster climate warming. Researchers now show how peatland in the coastal areas in Sumatra and Borneo in Indonesia developed over thousands of years and how climate and sea level influenced their dynamics throughout. |
| Therapy can support medication treatment for opioid use disorder Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Receiving psychosocial and behavioral therapy alongside medications for opioid use disorder leads to better treatment engagement and continuity, according to researchers. |
| Spinal fluid sampling used to track treatment response in pediatric glioma Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Treatment for glioma has long relied on MRI imaging to track tumor markers and treatment response. But new findings suggest a new method could provide additional data about tumor markers before changes appear on an MRI, indicating possible strategies to help clinicians address this aggressive form of cancer. |
| Scientists develop the largest, most detailed model of the early universe to date Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Thesan is a new universe simulation that models the first billion years of the universe with the highest resolution, over the largest volume, to date. |
| Citizen divers aid understanding of fish in the Salish sea Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:47 PM PDT Citizen scientists are increasingly playing crucial roles in understanding fish populations, according to a new study. Over the past 20 years, volunteers have helped monitor more than half of the total fish species known to occur in the Salish Sea. |
| Cells dancing harmonic duets could enable personalized cancer therapies Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT Mechanical engineers are using two electronic 'voices' singing a harmonic duet to control suspended particles and cells in new and valuable ways. Their prototype device can form and rotate a single-layer crystal from a group of particles, create arbitrary shapes with a given number of particles, and move pairs of biological cells together and apart again hundreds of times. These abilities could serve fields like materials science, biophysics, life science and medicine. |
| New research shows certain exercises can help with muscular dystrophy Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT A new study using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in zebrafish found that certain activities may help strengthen muscles affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a severe type of muscular dystrophy that affects young boys. The researchers designed four NMES regimens for zebrafish with a mutation that closely modeled the disease. They then put the fish into an underwater 3D printed 'gym' made up of tunnels and electrodes, and analyzed their skeletal muscles to see how they had changed. |
| Scientists shave ‘hairs’ off nanocrystals to improve their electronic properties Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT A new study introduces a breakthrough in making nanocrystals function together electronically. The research may open the doors to future devices with new abilities. |
| New Fermi arcs could provide a new path for electronics Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:46 PM PDT Newly discovered Fermi arcs that can be controlled through magnetism could be the future of electronics based on electron spins. During a recent investigation of the rare-earth monopnictide NdBi (neodymium-bismuth), researchers discovered a new type of Fermi arc that appeared at low temperatures when the material became antiferromagnetic, i.e., neighboring spins point in opposite directions. |
| Carbon-coated nickel enables fuel cell free of precious metals Posted: 24 Mar 2022 03:45 PM PDT A nitrogen doped carbon-coated nickel anode can catalyze an essential reaction in hydrogen fuel cells at a fraction of the cost of the precious metals currently used, researchers have found. |
| Novel method to identify and treat aggressive early-stage lung cancers Posted: 24 Mar 2022 12:41 PM PDT Researchers have developed a novel method to identify aggressive early-stage lung cancers and target drugs known as aurora kinase inhibitors to tumors that are especially likely to respond to them. The findings could lead to great advances in treatment for lung adenocarcinoma, the most common type of lung cancer. |
| Distant regions of the human brain are wired together by surprisingly few connections Posted: 24 Mar 2022 12:41 PM PDT Understanding how the brain functions, particularly how information is processed during different activities, is difficult without knowing how many axons are in the brain and how many connect different functional regions. A new study shows that despite the functional importance of connections between far-reaching regions of the brain, the actual number of these connections is low. |
| Cheap, eco-friendly catalyst opens new possibilities for organic molecules built from pyruvate Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Chemists have developed an organic catalyst that can drive reactions using pyruvate -- a key biomolecule in many metabolic pathways -- that are difficult and complicated to achieve using conventional industrial techniques. The research is an important step towards simplifying the production process and increasing the range of molecules that can be built from pyruvate, like amino acids or glycolic acids, which are used in drug discovery efforts and medications. |
| On Jupiter's moon Europa, 'chaos terrains' could be shuttling oxygen to ocean Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Researchers have built the world's first physics-based computer simulation of oxygen transport on Europa, finding that it's possible for oxygen to drain through the moon's icy shell and into its ocean of liquid water -- where it could potentially help sustain alien life -- by hitching a ride on salt water under the moon's 'chaos terrains.' The results show that not only is the transport possible, but that the amount of oxygen brought into Europa's ocean could be on a par with the quantity of oxygen in Earth's oceans today. |
| One in four women experience domestic violence before age 50, analysis finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Over one in four women (or 27 per cent) experience intimate partner violence before the age of 50, according to a worldwide analysis. The largest of its kind, the analysis covers 366 studies involving more than 2 million women in 161 countries. |
| Study suggests association between consuming artificial sweeteners and increased cancer risk Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:38 AM PDT Artificial sweeteners reduce added sugar content and corresponding calories while maintaining sweetness. A new study suggests that some artificial sweeteners are associated with increased cancer risk. |
| Can supermarkets coax people into buying healthier food? Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Restricting supermarket placement of less healthy items and increasing the availability of healthier alternatives in these stores may be promising interventions to encourage healthier purchasing behaviors, according to two new studies. |
| Enhancing the electromechanical behavior of a flexible polymer Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Piezoelectric materials convert mechanical stress into electricity, or vice versa, and can be useful in sensors, actuators and many other applications. But implementing piezoelectrics in polymers -- materials composed of molecular chains and commonly used in plastics, drugs and more -- can be difficult. |
| Tuberculosis infection protects mice from developing COVID-19 Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT In mice, the immune response mounted against tuberculosis prevents them from developing COVID-19, according to a new study. |
| Do octopuses, squid and crabs have emotions? Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Octopuses can solve complex puzzles and show a preference for different individuals, but whether they, and other animals and invertebrates, have emotions is being hotly debated and could shake up humans' moral decision-making, says an expert in animal minds. Most countries don't recognize invertebrates, such as octopuses, crabs, lobsters and crayfish, as sentient beings that can feel pain, but the United Kingdom is considering amendments to its animal welfare legislation that would recognize this. |
| Physicists create extremely compressible 'gas of light' Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Researchers have created a gas of light particles that can be extremely compressed. Their results confirm the predictions of central theories of quantum physics. The findings could also point the way to new types of sensors that can measure minute forces. |
| Mechanism that underlies local dopamine release in the brain Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT When we initiate an action in our everyday lives—chasing after a runaway napkin or getting out of the car—the brain releases a chemical messenger called dopamine that helps regulate the brain area that controls this action. |
| Light derails electrons through graphene Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Researchers have experimentally caused electrons to bend in bilayer graphene with the use of light. The way electrons flow in materials determine its electronic properties. For example, when a voltage is sustained across a conducting material, electrons start flowing, generating an electrical current. These electrons are often thought to flow in straight paths, moving along the electric field, much like a ball rolling down a hill. Yet these are not the only trajectories electrons can take: when a magnetic field is applied, the electrons no longer travel in straight paths along the electric field, but in fact, they bend. The bent electronic flows lead to transverse signals called 'Hall' responses. |
| Physicists 'shine' light on inner details and breakup of simple nucleus Posted: 24 Mar 2022 11:37 AM PDT Scientists have found a new way to 'see' inside the simplest atomic nuclei to better understand the 'glue' that holds the building blocks of matter together. The results come from collisions of photons (particles of light) with deuterons, the simplest atomic nuclei (made of just one proton bound to one neutron). The photons act somewhat like an x-ray beam to provide the first glimpse of how particles called gluons are arranged within the deuteron. |
| Warming oceans are getting louder Posted: 24 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT Climate change is speeding sound transmission in the oceans and the way it varies over the globe with physical properties of the oceans. Two 'acoustic hotspots' of future sound speed increases are predicted east of Greenland and in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, East of Newfoundland. In these locations, the average speed of sound is likely to increase by more than 1.5% if 'business-as-usual' high rates of greenhouse gas emissions continue through 2100. |
| Tuberculosis induces premature cellular aging Posted: 24 Mar 2022 10:03 AM PDT Researchers found that the cells of humans and animals who have recovered from tuberculosis had prematurely aged up to 12 to 14 years. It's possible that this premature cellular aging is one reason why survivors of tuberculosis have a high risk of mortality. |
| Health risk due to micro- and nanoplastics in food Posted: 24 Mar 2022 10:02 AM PDT Five grams of plastic particles on average enter the human gastrointestinal tract per person per week. This is roughly equivalent to the weight of a credit card. Whether ingested micro- and nanoplastics pose a health risk is being investigated in numerous studies but is largely unknown to date. A research team has now summarized the current state of scientific knowledge. |
| Blow flies can be used detect use of chemical weapons, other pollutants Posted: 24 Mar 2022 10:02 AM PDT A study suggests blow flies could be used to detect the use of chemical weapons -- as well as other dangerous substances -- in areas too dangerous or remote for human investigators. |
| Researchers develop new antibody test to diagnose MS Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have validated a new antibody test to diagnose multiple sclerosis (MS), a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord. |
| Resourceful viral protein combats monkey and human defenses differently Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have found that different parts of viral protein U expressed by simian immunodeficiency virus are required to bind to and block tetherin, an antiviral protein, in monkey cells versus in human cells. This suggests that the virus uses two different mechanistic strategies to evade this host defense and sheds new light on host-pathogen coevolution. |
| In animal study, implant churns out CAR-T cells to combat cancer Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT Researchers have developed an implantable biotechnology that produces and releases CAR-T cells for attacking cancerous tumors. In a proof-of-concept study involving lymphoma in mice, the researchers found that treatment with the implants was faster and more effective than conventional CAR-T cell cancer treatment. |
| Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:26 AM PDT An international research team has put together the first gelada reference genome, assembled from a single wild adult female gelada from the Simien Mountains, Ethiopia. They combined it with a detailed study of data collected from wild geladas to identify any adaptations to their high-altitude environment. |
| Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT The further we move away from a heat source, the cooler the air gets. Bizarrely, the same can't be said for the surface of the Sun, but scientists may have just explained a key part of why. |
| Win-wins in environmental management hard to find Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT When a booming marine fishery can increase its shrimp catch while also reducing unintentional bycatch of turtles --t hat's an example of what environmental scientists and managers call a 'win-win.' Models often predict this ideal outcome is achievable, yet stakeholders rarely see it manifest in the real world. |
| Artificial neurons go quantum with photonic circuits Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT In recent years, artificial intelligence has become ubiquitous, with applications such as speech interpretation, image recognition, medical diagnosis, and many more. At the same time, quantum technology has been proven capable of computational power well beyond the reach of even the world's largest supercomputer. Physicists have now demonstrated a new device, called quantum memristor, which may allow to combine these two worlds, thus unlocking unprecedented capabilities. The experiment has been realized on an integrated quantum processor operating on single photons. |
| Fans of ASMR videos are more sensitive to their surroundings, study finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Fans of ASMR videos are more sensitive to their surroundings and feelings, a new study has revealed. ASMR, which stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response, has swept the internet with millions watching viral clips of whispered voices, delicate hand movements or tapping. |
| Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells can be remarkably effective in treating leukemias and lymphomas, but there are no successful immunotherapies for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) yet. Researchers have now discovered that CAR-T cells directed to a tumor antigen, CDH17, a cell surface marker expressed on both NETs and GICs but also found on healthy tissues, eliminated GICs in several preclinical models without toxicity to normal tissues in multiple mouse organs, including the small intestine and colon. |
| Pivotal battery discovery could impact transportation and the grid Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Researchers have uncovered a new avenue for overcoming the performance decline that occurs with repeated cycling in the cathodes of next-generation batteries. This discovery could find applications in batteries for transportation and the electric grid. |
| How campus design and architecture influence interaction among researchers Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT A new study examines the relationship between physical proximity, social networking, and collaboration on a university campus. |
| Male dolphins whistle to maintain key social relationships Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Allied male bottlenose dolphins maintain weaker yet vital social relationships with whistle exchanges, researchers have found. |
| Study connects shorter course of antibiotics to fewer antibiotic resistance genes Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT A study explains how to to find an optimal dosage that reduces the use of antibiotics without compromising the health of patients. |
| Popular male dolphins produce more offspring Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT The reproductive success of male dolphins is not determined by strength or age, but via social bonds with other males. The better integrated males are in their social network, the more offspring they produce, a new study has shown using long-term behavioral and genetic data. |
| No increase in pregnancy complications after COVID-19 vaccination, study finds Posted: 24 Mar 2022 09:25 AM PDT Vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy is not associated with a higher risk of pregnancy complications, according to a large-scale registry study. |
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