ScienceDaily: Top News


New miniature heart could help speed heart disease cures

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 03:49 PM PDT

A team of engineers, biologists, and geneticists has developed a new way of studying the heart: they've built a miniature replica of a heart chamber from a combination of nanoengineered parts and human heart tissue.

Two largest Mars-quakes to date recorded from planet's far side

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 03:49 PM PDT

The seismometer placed on Mars by NASA's InSight lander has recorded its two largest seismic events to date: a magnitude 4.2 and a magnitude 4.1 Mars-quake. The pair are the first recorded events to occur on the planet's far side from the lander and are five times stronger than the previous largest event recorded.

Federal research funding has positive 'ripple effects'

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT

Federal funding for biomedical research has a 'ripple effect' of stimulating new studies even beyond the original purposes of a grant and may provide unexpected benefits, a new study suggests.

Some cases of long COVID-19 may be caused by an abnormally suppressed immune system, research suggests

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT

Researchers studying the effect of the monoclonal antibody Leronlimab on long COVID-19 may have found a surprising clue to the baffling syndrome, one that contradicts their initial hypothesis. An abnormally suppressed immune system may be to blame, not a persistently hyperactive one as they had suspected.

Breakthrough in estimating fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT

Scientists have made a major breakthrough in detecting changes in fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions more quickly and frequently.

An ocean in your brain: Interacting brain waves key to how we process information

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT

For years, the brain has been thought of as a biological computer that processes information through traditional circuits, whereby data zips straight from one cell to another. While that model is still accurate, a new study shows that there's also a second, very different way that the brain parses information: through the interactions of waves of neural activity. The findings help researchers better understand how the brain processes information.

Making 3D printing truly 3D: eliminating need for 2D layering

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 01:15 PM PDT

Researchers describe a technique of volumetric 3D printing that goes beyond the bottom-up, layered approach. The process eliminates the need for support structures because the resin it creates is self-supporting.

A roadmap for deepening understanding of a puzzling universal process

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 10:18 AM PDT

Scientists have detailed a roadmap for untangling a key aspect of magnetic recognition that could deepen insight into the workings of the cosmos.

Scientists turn a hydrogen molecule into a quantum sensor

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 10:18 AM PDT

Using a scanning tunneling microscope equipped with a femtosecond terahertz laser, scientists have exploited the quantum properties of a two-atom hydrogen molecule to observe changes in the electrostatic field of a target sample, turning the hydrogen molecule into a quantum sensor.

Less prostate cancer screening reduces overdiagnosis but may miss aggressive cases

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT

Over the past 15 years, public health authorities have downgraded recommendations for the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test as a screening tool to reduce the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of men with low-grade prostate cancer. Now, researchers have found that while these efforts have been effective, the incidence of higher-grade disease and metastasis at diagnosis have risen.

Fluid flow stimulates chemosynthesis in a Greek salad of hydrothermal microbes

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT

A new study uses an innovative approach to examine a shallow-water hydrothermal system and the production of microbes there in situ and near natural conditions as a model to assess the importance of hydrothermal fluid circulation on chemosynthesis.

Discovery sheds light on why the Pacific islands were colonized

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT

Evidence of the early colonization of the Pacific has been described as like finding a needle in a haystack by researchers who have unearthed items from more than 3000 years ago in Papua New Guinea.

Cancer: Sialylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor modulates cell mechanics and enhances invasion

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT

In a study that included tests of three types of human cancer cells, researchers report that ST6Gal-I--mediated sialylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor modulates cell mechanics and enhances invasion by the cancer cells.

Evidence suggests cancer is not as purely genetic as once thought

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT

New evidence shows that cancer is not as heritable or purely genetic as once thought, and taking a multi-omics approach may lead to a better understanding of how to prevent and treat it.

The physics of a singing saw

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 08:47 AM PDT

Researchers have used the singing saw to demonstrate how the geometry of a curved sheet, like curved metal, could be tuned to create high-quality, long-lasting oscillations for applications in sensing, nanoelectronics, photonics and more.

Obsession with failure and hunt for perfection linked to burnout, sports study uncovers

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

The hunt for perfection and obsession over tiny mistakes are strongly linked to burnout in athletes, a new study has found.

Establishment of a pancreatic cancer animal model using the pancreas-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery method

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

Pancreatic cancer has a significantly poor prognosis; therefore, the development of effective treatments is an unmet clinical need. The major drawback in this field was the lack of useful model animals, which delayed the establishment of markers for early diagnosis and therapeutic options. The research group established an effective carcinogenesis method with wild-type rats by selectively introducing oncogenes into the pancreas, using the pancreas-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery method that has been developed by the group.

Flexible electronics get brighter

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

Scientists have fabricated a flexible material that lights up brightly when stretched and/or when an electric field is applied. The results show promise for the development of bright, sustainable, stretchable devices for use, for example, as interactive skin displays and in soft robotics.

Understanding arteriosclerosis: How blood vessels restructure under pressure

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

Hypertension, a very common condition worldwide, can lead to arteriosclerosis through alterations in the structure of blood vessel walls known as 'vascular remodeling.' In a recent study, an international team of scientists unveiled a molecular pathway for the development of arteriosclerosis for the first time. This could pave the way to better medication for preventing and treating hypertension and arteriosclerosis.

New self-cleaning optical fiber can help in monitoring environment and diagnosing cancer

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

Researchers have successfully developed a novel optical fiber design allowing the generation of rainbow laser light in the molecular fingerprint electromagnetic region. This new optical fiber with a self-cleaned beam can help in developing applications to, for example, tagging pollutants, cancer diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food control.

Water processing: Light helps degrade hormones

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

Micropollutants in water often are hormones that accumulate in the environment and may have negative impacts on humans and animals. Researchers have now developed a process for the photocatalytic degradation of these pollutants when they flow through polymer membranes. Irradiation with light triggers a chemical reaction, as a result of which steroid hormones are degraded on the membranes coated with titanium dioxide.

New factors that can predict breast cancer recurrence defined

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

Genetics and other factors that can determine if a woman is at risk for a recurrence of breast cancer have been identified, providing new research avenues for preventing a new tumor from developing.

Artificial intelligence helps physicians better assess the effectiveness of bladder cancer treatment

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

In a small but multi-institutional study, an artificial intelligence-based system improved providers' assessments of whether patients with bladder cancer had complete response to chemotherapy before a radical cystectomy (bladder removal surgery).

Lesser known ozone layer's outsized role in planet warming

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

New research has identified a lesser-known form of ozone playing a big role in heating the Southern Ocean -- one of Earth's main cooling systems.

Atomic terahertz-vibrations solve the enigma of ultrashort soliton molecules

Posted: 22 Apr 2022 06:43 AM PDT

Optical solitons often combine into pairs with very short temporal separation. Introducing atomic vibrations in the terahertz range, researchers have solved the puzzle of how these temporal links are formed.

Genomic sequencing is changing diagnosis, treatment for patients with brain cancer

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT

Patients diagnosed with a type of brain tumor survived for longer when they were treated aggressively with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. But far from suggesting that more treatment always leads to better survival, the study underscores the critical role of genomic profiling in diagnosing and grading brain tumors.

This algorithm has opinions about your face

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 03:12 PM PDT

Researchers have now taught an AI algorithm to model first impressions and accurately predict how people will be perceived based on a photograph of their face.

Strategy for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT

A research has developed new, highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. The breakthrough invention is expected to greatly accelerate the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic technology, providing a promising alternative to silicon solar cells.

Fungal meningitis spreads by blocking and bursting blood vessels

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT

New research has revealed how fungus blocks and bursts blood vessels in the brain, helping scientists better understand how meningitis starts.

Ancient skeletons reveal the history of worm parasites in Britain

Posted: 21 Apr 2022 11:15 AM PDT

New research reveals the scale of parasitic worm infections in Britain from the Prehistoric to the early Victorian periods.