ScienceDaily: Top Science News


New planet detected around Proxima Centauri, closest star our solar system

Posted: 10 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST

Astronomers have found evidence of another planet orbiting Proxima Centauri, the closest star to our Solar System. This candidate planet is the third detected in the system and the lightest yet discovered orbiting this star. At just a quarter of Earth's mass, the planet is also one of the lightest exoplanets ever found.

Mapping mutation ‘hotspots’ in cancer reveals new drivers and biomarkers

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 08:21 AM PST

Researchers have identified a previously unrecognized key player in cancer evolution: clusters of mutations occurring at certain regions of the genome. These mutation clusters contribute to the progression of about 10 percent of human cancers and can be used to predict patient survival.

In a first for 'sonogenetics,' researchers control mammalian cells with sound

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 06:34 AM PST

Scientists have engineered mammalian cells to be activated using ultrasound. The method paves the way toward non-invasive versions of deep brain stimulation, pacemakers and insulin pumps.

Co-occurring droughts could threaten global food security

Posted: 09 Feb 2022 06:33 AM PST

Droughts occurring at the same time across different regions of the planet could place an unprecedented strain on the global agricultural system and threaten the water security of millions of people, according to a new study.

Words are needed to think about numbers, study suggests

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 04:17 PM PST

Researchers have found a new relationship between counting ability of Tsimane' individuals and their ability to perform matching tasks that involve numbers up to about 25. The results suggest that in order to think about exact numbers, people need to have a word for that number.

Monkeys, like people, can 'choke under pressure'

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 11:33 AM PST

Being stressed about doing well on a test might not be limited to humans, according to a new study.

Changing your diet could add up to a decade to life expectancy, study finds

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 11:33 AM PST

A young adult in the U.S. could add more than a decade to their life expectancy by changing their diet from a typical Western diet to an optimized diet that includes more legumes, whole grains and nuts, and less red and processed meat, according to a new study. For older people, the anticipated gains to life expectancy from such dietary changes would be smaller but still substantial.

Mutating quantum particles set in motion

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 08:39 AM PST

In the world of fundamental particles, you are either a fermion or a boson. But a new study shows that one can behave as the other as they move from one place to another.

Giant sponge gardens discovered on seamounts in the Arctic deep sea

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 08:39 AM PST

Massive sponge gardens thrive on top of seamounts in the Central Arctic Ocean, one of the most oligotrophic seas on Earth. They appear to feed on the remnants of an extinct fauna. Microorganisms support the sponges in exploiting this fluffy material as a source of food and energy.

Predicting the efficiency of oxygen-evolving electrolysis on the Moon and Mars

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 08:39 AM PST

Scientists have today provided more insight into the possibility of establishing a pathway to generate oxygen for humans to potentially call the Moon or Mars 'home' for extended periods of time.

How Mars lost its oceans

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 07:53 AM PST

It has long been known that Mars once had oceans due in part to a protective magnetic field similar to Earth's. However, the magnetic field disappeared, and new research may finally be able to explain why. Researchers recreated conditions expected in the core of Mars billions of years ago and found that the behavior of the molten metal thought to be present likely gave rise to a brief magnetic field that was destined to fade away.

A new multipurpose on-off switch for inhibiting bacterial growth

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 07:52 AM PST

Researchers have discovered an antitoxin mechanism that seems to be able to neutralize hundreds of different toxins and may protect bacteria against virus attacks. The mechanism has been named Panacea, after the Greek goddess of medicine whose name has become synonymous with universal cure. The understanding of bacterial toxin and antitoxin mechanisms will be crucial for the future success of so-called phage therapy for the treatment of antibiotic resistance infections, the researchers say.

Golfing cockatoos reveal ability to use combined tools

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 07:52 AM PST

Cockatoos have shown an extraordinary ability to complete a task by combining simple tools, demonstrating that this cognitive ability is not found only in primates.

Saturn’s high-altitude winds generate an extraordinary aurorae, study finds

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST

Space scientists have discovered a never-before-seen mechanism fueling huge planetary aurorae at Saturn.

Study in mice shows potential for gene-editing to tackle mitochondrial disorders

Posted: 08 Feb 2022 05:50 AM PST

Defective mitochondria -- the 'batteries' that power the cells of our bodies -- could in future be repaired using gene-editing techniques. Scientists have now shown that it is possible to modify the mitochondrial genome in live mice, paving the way for new treatments for incurable mitochondrial disorders.

Genetically informed atlases reveal new landscapes in brain structure

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 12:57 PM PST

Scientists have used atlases of the human brain informed by genetics to identify hundreds of genomic loci. The findings illuminate how genes impact the brain and diseases.

Researchers use tiny magnetic swirls to generate true random numbers

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 09:48 AM PST

Skyrmions, tiny magnetic anomalies that arise in two-dimensional materials, can be used to generate true random numbers useful in cryptography and probabilistic computing.

New fossil reveals origin of arthropod breathing system

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 09:46 AM PST

Scientists have discovered a new fossil that reveals the origin of gills in arthropods.

Globe's glaciers have less ice than previously thought, researchers find

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 08:26 AM PST

Research revises estimates of glacial ice volume, suggesting that there is less ice in the world's glaciers than previously thought. The findings have implications on freshwater and global sea level rise.

Chimpanzee mother seen applying an insect to a wound on her son

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 08:26 AM PST

Researchers have observed chimpanzees in Gabon, West Africa applying insects to their wounds and the wounds of others. Scientists describe this wound-tending behavior and argue that it is evidence that chimpanzees have the capacity for prosocial behaviors that have been linked with empathy in humans.

Biologists investigate smallest propeller on Earth

Posted: 07 Feb 2022 05:34 AM PST

Scientists have discovered new information about the tiny propellers used by single-cell organisms called archaea.

Protons are probably actually smaller than long thought

Posted: 06 Feb 2022 12:44 PM PST

A few years ago, a novel measurement technique showed that protons are probably smaller than had been assumed since the 1990s. The discrepancy surprised the scientific community; some researchers even believed that the Standard Model of particle physics would have to be changed. Physicists have now developed a method that allows them to analyze the results of older and more recent experiments much more comprehensively than before. This also results in a smaller proton radius from the older data. So there is probably no difference between the values - no matter which measurement method they are based on.

Preventing pandemics costs far less than controlling them

Posted: 04 Feb 2022 01:17 PM PST

An analysis by epidemiologists, economists, ecologists and biologists at 21 institutions finds we could reduce the risks of future pandemics by investing as little as 1/20th of the losses incurred so far from COVID into conservation measures designed to stem the spread of zoonotic viruses from wildlife to humans in the first place. This includes funding programs to train more veterinarians, create a global database of virus genomics, and end tropical deforestation and wildlife trafficking.

Humans and other primates have evolved less sensitive noses

Posted: 03 Feb 2022 01:11 PM PST

Variations in the genes for the newly discovered scent receptors for musk and underarm odor add to a growing body of research suggesting that humans' sense of smell is gradually becoming less sensitive.

Engineers develop surgical 'duct tape' as an alternative to sutures

Posted: 02 Feb 2022 11:30 AM PST

Engineers have developed a kind of surgical 'duct tape.' The strong, flexible, and biocompatible sticky patch can be applied to biological tissues and organs to help seal tears and wounds.