ScienceDaily: Top Science News


Ghostly 'mirror world' might be cause of cosmic controversy

Posted: 19 May 2022 10:27 AM PDT

New research suggests an unseen 'mirror world' of particles that interacts with our world only via gravity that might be the key to solving a major puzzle in cosmology today -- the Hubble constant problem. The Hubble constant is the rate of expansion of the universe today. Predictions for this rate are significantly slower than the rate found by our most precise local measurements. This discrepancy is one that many cosmologists have been trying to solve by changing our current cosmological model.

Researchers find another layer to the code of life

Posted: 19 May 2022 09:57 AM PDT

A new examination of the way different tissues read information from genes has discovered that the brain and testes appear to be extraordinarily open to the use of rare codons to produce a given protein. Testes of both fruit flies and humans seem to be enriched in protein products of these rarely-used pieces of genetic code, suggesting another layer of control in the genome.

Puzzling features deep in Earth's interior illuminated

Posted: 19 May 2022 05:11 AM PDT

New research examines an unusual pocket of rock at the boundary layer with Earth's core, some three thousand kilometers beneath the surface.

Component for brain-inspired computing

Posted: 18 May 2022 10:07 AM PDT

Researchers have developed a new material for an electronic component that can be used in a wider range of applications than its predecessors. Such components will help create electronic circuits that emulate the human brain and that are more efficient at performing machine-learning tasks.

Physicists explain how type of aurora on Mars is formed

Posted: 18 May 2022 08:38 AM PDT

Researchers have learned how a type of aurora on Mars is formed. The physicists report discrete aurora form through the interaction of the solar wind and the crust at Mars' southern hemisphere.

Rainforest trees may have been dying faster since the 1980s because of climate change

Posted: 18 May 2022 08:38 AM PDT

Tropical trees in Australia's rainforests have been dying at double the previous rate since the 1980s, seemingly because of climate impacts, according to the findings of a long-term international study. This research has found the death rates of tropical trees have doubled in the last 35 years, as global warming increases the drying power of the atmosphere.

Researchers create photonic materials for powerful, efficient light-based computing

Posted: 18 May 2022 08:38 AM PDT

Researchers are developing new photonic materials that could one day help enable low power, ultra-fast, light-based computing. The unique materials, known as topological insulators, are like wires that have been turned inside out, where the current runs along the outside and the interior is insulated. In their latest work the researchers demonstrated a new approach to create the materials that uses a novel, chained, honeycomb lattice design.

Researchers use galaxy as a 'cosmic telescope' to study heart of the young universe

Posted: 18 May 2022 08:33 AM PDT

A unique new instrument, coupled with a powerful telescope and a little help from nature, has given researchers the ability to peer into galactic nurseries at the heart of the young universe.

Astronauts may one day drink water from ancient moon volcanoes

Posted: 17 May 2022 06:04 PM PDT

If any humans had been alive 2 to 4 billion years ago, they may have looked up and seen a sliver of frost on the moon's surface. Some of that ice may still be hiding in craters on the lunar surface today.

Major infrared breakthrough could lead to solar power at night

Posted: 17 May 2022 08:22 AM PDT

Using technology similar to night-vision goggles, researchers have developed a device that can generate electricity from thermal radiation.

Rocket engine exhaust pollution extends high into Earth's atmosphere

Posted: 17 May 2022 08:22 AM PDT

Researchers assessed the potential impact of a rocket launch on atmospheric pollution by investigating the heat and mass transfer and rapid mixing of the combustion byproducts. The team modeled the exhaust gases and developing plume at several altitudes along a typical trajectory of a standard present-day rocket. They did this as a prototypical example of a two-stage rocket to transport people and payloads into Earth's orbit and beyond and found the impact on the atmosphere locally and momentarily in the mesosphere can be significant.

Chimpanzees combine calls to form numerous vocal sequences

Posted: 17 May 2022 06:48 AM PDT

Evidence of structured vocal sequences in wild chimpanzee communication provides insights into human language evolution.

Stimulating brain circuits promotes neuron growth in adulthood, improving cognition and mood

Posted: 16 May 2022 12:02 PM PDT

Targeting specific brain cells modulated memory retrieval and altered anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Essentially, scientists boosted the electrical activity between cells in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus to create new neurons -- an important process called neurogenesis.

The European drought event from 2018 to 2020 was the most intense in over 250 years

Posted: 16 May 2022 09:40 AM PDT

These were days, months and years that many will come to remember: the drought from 2018 to 2020. An international team of researchers has succeeded in categorizing the historical dimensions of this event. Based on their findings, no drought covering such a large area for an extended period and coinciding with warmer temperature has occurred in Europe since the middle of the 18th century. The years from 2018 to 2020 thus represent a new benchmark for droughts. Because such an unprecedented event is likely to occur more frequently in the future, the scientists urgently recommend the development and implementation of suitable, regionally adapted drought prevention measures.

CRISPR now possible in cockroaches

Posted: 16 May 2022 09:39 AM PDT

Researchers have developed a CRISPR-Cas9 approach to enable gene editing in cockroaches, according to a new study. The simple and efficient technique, named 'direct parental' CRISPR (DIPA-CRISPR), involves the injection of materials into female adults where eggs are developing rather than into the embryos themselves.

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing approach can alter the social behavior of animals

Posted: 16 May 2022 07:46 AM PDT

New gene-editing techniques are shedding light on how hormones impact social behavior in animals and possibly, humans.

Extraterrestrial stone brings first supernova clues to Earth

Posted: 16 May 2022 05:17 AM PDT

The extraterrestrial Hypatia stone found in Egypt could be the first tangible evidence on Earth of a supernova type Ia explosion. These rare supernovas are some of the most energetic events in the universe. If the hypothesis is correct, Hypatia would be a 'forensic' clue of an epic cosmic story started sometime in the early formation of our solar system.

Dragonflies use vision, subtle wing control to straighten up and fly right

Posted: 13 May 2022 08:32 AM PDT

Researchers have untangled the intricate physics and neural controls that enable dragonflies to right themselves while they're falling.

Large-scale ocean sanctuaries could protect coral reefs from climate change

Posted: 12 May 2022 01:41 PM PDT

Earth's oceans are home to some of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, but warming temperatures are causing many marine animals, including coral, to die out.

Hunga volcano eruption provides an explosion of data

Posted: 12 May 2022 01:40 PM PDT

The massive Jan. 15, 2022, eruption of the Hunga submarine volcano in the South Pacific Ocean created a variety of atmospheric wave types, including booms heard 6,200 miles away in Alaska. It also created an atmospheric pulse that caused an unusual tsunami-like disturbance that arrived at Pacific shores sooner than the actual tsunami.

Extreme storms could help protect beaches from sea level rise, new study finds

Posted: 12 May 2022 06:26 AM PDT

Deep sand movements stirred up by intense storms may offset some of the impacts of coastal erosion caused by sea level rise.