Examining the intersection of cryptocurrency and government By Nikhilesh De, Managing Editor, Global Policy & Regulation March 29, 2022 Was this newsletter forwarded to you? Sign up here. Supported by |
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Hey folks, Welcome to State of Crypto, a CoinDesk newsletter looking at the intersection of cryptocurrency and government. I’m your host, Nikhilesh De. Holy heck, was last week busy or what? Legislation in India and Europe took center stage, but there's a lot happening pretty widely. I’m going to take a second to shamelessly plug the CoinDesk regulatory team here because there's too much to run through in one newsletter – if you’re not following these folks, you’re missing out: Sandali Handagama, Jesse Hamilton, Cheyenne Ligon, Amitoj Singh, Lavender Au, and Jack Schickler. If you’ve got thoughts or questions on what I should discuss next week, or any other feedback you’d like to share, feel free to email me or find me on Twitter. You can also join the group conversation on Telegram. —Nik |
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MiCA seems to be moving forward. If implemented, it promises to dramatically streamline the launch process for crypto companies trying to set up shop in more than one of the European Union’s 27 member nations. However, separate from MiCA, another set of proposed rules that will be voted on this week promise to make using crypto a bit more difficult for companies and users. |
Bitcoiners can breathe a sigh of relief. A controversial proposal to limit proof-of-work mining in the European Union will not be part of its landmark Markets in Crypto Assets (MiCA) regulatory framework. MiCA has advanced from a negotiation stage where lawmakers proposed and debated different provisions to a point where the different branches of the European government will discuss the bill. We are now going to see what's called a trilogue, which my colleague Sandali Handagama explains is when the European Parliament, the European Commission and the European Council all debate and agree on the legislation as it currently stands. Meanwhile, a couple thousand miles away in India, a controversial and equally disliked tax proposal has become law after the nation’s parliament adopted it late last week. This tax provision will implement a 30% capital gains tax on all crypto transactions as well as a 1% tax deducted at source. Advocates for the industry feared that this will lead to “brain drain” or an exodus of developers and entrepreneurs in the cryptosphere from India to other friendlier jurisdictions. So basically, it was a pretty big week last week. What we're seeing now is just a continuation of this idea that regulators accept that crypto is here to stay and want to do something about it. In India’s case, much like last year’s U.S. infrastructure bill debate, that “something” is “tax the industry,” even if the specific circumstances are a bit different. However, crypto industry participants in India have said they’re concerned by the fact the country hasn’t put forward any sort of guidance or regulations for startups and other businesses to operate under, instead leaving the regulatory framework at just the tax level issue. Europe’s MiCA is a vastly different approach in that regard. The key benefit for the industry should MiCA be implemented is the common license for crypto businesses, allowing a company to operate across borders. That being said, while MiCA is advancing (despite last-minute efforts to include a limit on PoW mining), the crypto industry should pay attention to some other rules in the works. From my colleague Jack Schickler: “Members of the European Parliament are likely to vote to end the anonymity of even small crypto payments at a committee meeting to be held next week, documents seen by CoinDesk show. Lawmakers at the Economic Affairs Committee are also poised to include crypto transfers to self-hosted or private wallets (also referred to as unhosted wallets) in anti-money laundering (AML) checks, and want to halt crypto transfers between the EU and jurisdictions like Turkey and Hong Kong.” These proposed rules would require exchanges to identify the recipients of crypto transfers. At present, recipients of bank transfers worth more than 1,000 euros have to be identified, but the proposed legislation would remove that minimum limit for crypto transactions. The new proposed rules may also make it difficult for crypto exchanges to allow transactions to tax havens, which include the Virgin Islands (both U.S. and U.K.), Turkey, Hong Kong, Iran and others. And in an episode that many readers of this newsletter might remember, the EU also wants to enforce anti-money laundering (AML) checks on private/self-hosted (or unhosted or whatever you’d like to call them) wallets. Wallet owners would need to be identified, according to the proposed rules. The industry is already pushing back against these rules, claiming they would make it difficult for people to use self-hosted wallets and enforce strict surveillance against crypto exchanges.
Statements such as those made by European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde, Tracfin Director Guillaume Valette-Valla or the Bank of England underscore that many in the EU may not be comfortable with the crypto industry yet.
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U.S. President Joe Biden unveiled his fiscal year 2023 budget request yesterday, outlining an ambitious plan to tackle ongoing supply chain issues, tax billionaires and boost police budgets. And he may raise some $11 billion over the next 10 years by modernizing digital asset taxation rules. The modernization would include amending mark-to-market rules for digital assets, modifying rules outlining the loans of securities and amending securities loan nonrecognition rules. “The proposal would amend the securities loan nonrecognition rules to provide that they apply to loans of actively traded digital assets recorded on cryptographically secured distributed ledgers, provided that the loan has terms similar to those currently required for loans of securities,” the Treasury Department’s Green Book (explanation of the budget asks) said. Another provision addresses Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) requirements and other foreign account-holders, similar to last year’s budget proposal. “In addition, tax evasion using digital assets is a rapidly growing problem. Since the industry is entirely digital, taxpayers can transact with offshore digital asset exchanges and wallet providers without leaving the United States,” the Green Book said. The budget proposal also includes a provision increasing the Department of Justice’s budget by $52 million to tackle investigations, including its ransomware work and combating illicit uses of cryptocurrency. While it doesn’t explicitly mention crypto, the proposal would also boost the Securities and Exchange Commission’s enforcement budget, which I imagine will go at least in part to furthering crypto investigations and enforcement actions. Other budget increases include $210 million for the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), $1.1 billion overall for the IRS and boosts for other agencies. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) presented its own budget request, saying it “expects to register and oversee a growing number of derivatives exchanges offering novel and complex products,” including cryptocurrency-related products. The CFTC also expects some decentralized exchanges or peer-to-peer networks to try and trade cryptocurrency derivatives without registering with the agency in the U.S. It remains to be seen whether any of this comes to fruition: Congress would have to authorize the budget through legislation, rather than kick the can down the road with temporary continuing resolutions as we’ve seen over the past year. |
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Key: (nom.) = nominee, (rum.) = rumored, (act.) = acting, (inc.) = incumbent (no replacement anticipated) |
CFTC Chairman Rostin Behnam will testify before the House Agriculture Committee on Thursday. It’s not yet clear whether crypto will come up but I imagine it will, given the Congressional agriculture committees have oversight jurisdiction over the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
Speaking of which, the CFTC is at full strength. The U.S. Senate confirmed Christy Goldsmith Romero, Kristin Johnson, Summer Kristine Mersinger and Caroline Pham as CFTC Commissioners. Two of them – Goldsmith Romero and Johnson – highlighted their work with cryptocurrencies in their opening remarks before a confirmation hearing earlier this month.
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Crypto PAC Nets $400K in February From BlockFi CEO, CNBC Contributor and More: Election season is well underway in the U.S. We’ll be tracking donations to and from political action committees (PACs) in the U.S. as funds move around over the next eight months. Will Belarus Lure Crypto Miners Amid Sanctions, Russia-Ukraine War?: Belarus participated in Russia’s invasion of Ukraine last month and was immediately slapped with sanctions. These sanctions, as well as potential new ones, may impact the country’s ability to become a safe haven for crypto miners and other firms, Eliza Gkritsi reports. ‘Correctly’ Was Wrong: Circle’s Accountant Tweaks Fine Print of USDC Attestation: Grant Thornton LLP, the accountant which publishes regular attestations saying Circle’s USDC stablecoin is backed by dollars (and other assets), tweaked the language in its attestations recently. Prior to January 2022, GT said the reserve accounts were “correctly stated.” Now, the firm says the accounts are “fairly stated.” It’s a small change with a significant impact, Lawrence Lewitinn reports. City of Austin Approves ‘Fact-Finding Study’ for Tax Payments in Bitcoin, Crypto: The leadership of the city of Austin, Texas approved plans to look into crypto and whether it can be used for tax payments, among other items. Kraken Hits Key Milestone in Quest to Gain Fed Account, Equal Treatment With Traditional Banks: Kraken Bank received an American Bankers Association routing number, but I think the real news may be the Fed published a supplemental request for information last week asking for public input on a proposed three-tiered system for evaluating whether financial entities should have access to master accounts. Recall that the Fed first published an RFI last year outlining some of its considerations for master accounts. White House Wants Public Comments on Crypto’s Energy Use and Environmental Impact: So this is part of U.S. President Joe Biden’s executive order on crypto, but it’s interesting that the White House is asking for comment and – similarly to the EO itself – not explicitly saying crypto is leading to climate change. “Digital assets may present a key environmental challenge … On the other hand, digital assets might also have a positive impact on the climate. For example, they may provide new opportunities in carbon accounting and verification, increasing trust in carbon measurement and creating a novel opportunity for addressing climate change,” the RFI says.
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(Platformer) Casey Newton took a look at ApeCoin and its role in the broader Bored Ape ecosystem – specifically, the role venture capital firms might play in it. (The Washington Post) The Washington Post and CBS News reported that conservative activist Virginia Thomas, who also happens to be married to Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, was actively texting former White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows in support of a now repeatedly debunked conspiracy theory that Joe Biden stole the 2020 presidential election.
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